ENT- throat diseases- mouth and salivary gland

Question 1

what percentage of UK adults have been infected with herpes simplex virus

Answer 1

70%

Question 2

latent virus of HSV may be reactivated by which triggers

Answer 2

stress
trauma
febrill illnesses
UV radiation

Question 3

what is a herpes labialis

Answer 3

cold sore

Question 4

how many people infected with HSV have recurrence

Answer 4

1/2

Question 5

what is herpetic whitlow

Answer 5

HSV infection of the finger

Question 6

what is herpes simplex encephalitis

Answer 6

rare brain inflammation caused by HSV

Question 7

what are the clinical features of herpes simplex encephalitis

Answer 7

rapid onset fever
headache
seizures
focal neurological signs
impaired consciousness

Question 8

which medication is used to reduce severity and frequency of symptoms of HSV

Answer 8

antiviral medications eg acyclovir

Question 9

who does herpangina most commonly affect

Answer 9

children

Question 10

which virus causes herpangina

Answer 10

coxsackie viruses (enteroviruses)

Question 11

what is hand, foot, and mouth disease

Answer 11

clinical syndrome characterised by oral enanthem and a macular, maculopapular, or vesicular rash of the hands and feet

Question 12

which virus causes hand, foot, and mouth disease

Answer 12

coxsackie virus

Question 13

which outbreaks are common in hand, foot, and mouth disease

Answer 13

family outbreaks

Question 14

how do you manage hand, foot, and mouth disease

Answer 14

supportive management

Question 15

what is an apthous ulcer

Answer 15

typically a recurrent round/oval sore or ulcer usually found on the inside of the lips, cheeks, or underneath the tongue

Question 16

apthous ulcers last less than how long

Answer 16

last less than 3 weeks

Question 17

what causes oral thrush (Candidiasis)

Answer 17

Candida albicans

Question 18

what are the risk factors for oral thrush

Answer 18

post antibiotics
immunosupressed
smokers
inhaled steroids

Question 19

what medications are used to treat oral thrush

Answer 19

nystatin
fluconazole

Question 20

what are the two age peaks of incidences in squamous cell papilloma

Answer 20

<5 years
20-40 years

Question 21

what is squamous cell papilloma related to

Answer 21

HPV- types 6 and 11

Question 22

children/adults with squamous cell papilloma have it more aggressive?

Answer 22

children- aggressive
adults- often solitary

Question 23

how does squamous cell papilloma present

Answer 23

painless lesion most commonly found in mucosa of soft and hard palate

Question 24

where can squamous cell papilloma affect

Answer 24

soft palate
hard palate
tongue
lips
tonsils
others- skin, oesophagus, cervix

Question 25

what percentage of parotid gland masses are benign

Answer 25

60%

Question 26

tumours in smaller/larger glands are more likely to be malignant?

Answer 26

smaller

Question 27

what is the most common benign salivary gland tumour

Answer 27

pleomorphic adenoma

Question 28

who is most likely to get pleomorphic adenoma

Answer 28

females 3rd-6th decade

Question 29

what does pleomorphic adenoma have a known link to

Answer 29

radiation

Question 30

what is the second most common benign tumour of the salivary glands

Answer 30

warthins tumour

Question 31

who is most likely to get warthins tumour

Answer 31

male over 50

Question 32

what does warthins tumour have a strong association with

Answer 32

smoking

Question 33

what is the most common malignant salivary gland tumour worldwide

Answer 33

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Question 34

what is the 5 year survival rate for high grade vs low grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas

Answer 34

low grade- >90% high garde- <60%

Question 35

what is the most common malignant salivary gland tumour in the UK

Answer 35

adenoid cystic carcinoma

Question 36

what symptom is associated with malignant parotid tumours

Answer 36

facial nerve palsy

Question 37

what investigation is used to diagnose salivary gland tumours

Answer 37

US-FNA

Question 38

what is sialadenitis

Answer 38

salivary gland infection

Question 39

what is sialolithiasis

Answer 39

salivary gland stones

Question 40

when is herpes simplex virus 1 acquired and how is it transmitted

Answer 40

in childhood infected through saliva