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Biol3 > Exam 2: cell anatomy > Flashcards

Exam 2: cell anatomy Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Bacteria cell envelope contain a

A

Capsule, cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane

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2
Q

Bacteria appendages ?

A

Flagella, fimbriae, pili, endoflagella

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3
Q

Exchange of genetic material between cells is meditated via sex of pili

A

FPili -> SexPili

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4
Q

Bacteria accessory structures

A

Chromosome, plasmids ribosomes, inclusions

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5
Q

Bacteria chromosome contain

A

One circular chromosome

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6
Q

What are subunits of Bacteria plasmids ribosomes

A

Bacterial ribosomes 70s
30s small subunit
50s large subunit

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7
Q

What are subunits of Eukaryotic plasmid ribosomes

A

Eukaryotic plasmid ribosomes 80s
40s Small subunit
60s large subunit

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8
Q

The 3 Granules of Inclusions

A

Volutin granules, polysaccharides granules, B-Hydroxybutyric acid granules
Extra: 1 buck cells will have 1 type of inclusion bodies

(Inclusions define as storage granules/nonfunctional units)

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9
Q

_________ will have 1 type of inclusion bodies

A

1 buck cells

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10
Q

Glycocalyx are sugar __________

A

Covering coat

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11
Q

Glycocalyx is viscous, gelatinous material present on the __________ surface

A

External

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12
Q

Glycocalyx composed mainly of ___________. And exmple of bacteria is _____________.

A

Polysaccharide

Bacillus anthracis

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13
Q

Glycocalyx synthesized inside ________ cell and secreted outside onto cell surface

A

Poly D Glutamic Acid

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14
Q

When staining and detection for glycocalyx you use ______ and _______

A

Acidic dye and negative staining

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15
Q

The _______ of glycocalyx is well structured and firmly attached to cell wall

A

Capsule

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16
Q

________ is the secreted portion is disorganized and loosely attached

A

Slime layer

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17
Q

The capsule function is ______ defense barrier

A

Passive

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18
Q

Capsule function for protection is due to its __________ nature which is ___________ are the structural protein that enchanted disease carrier ability of pathogen.

A

ANTI-Phagocytic

Virulence factor

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19
Q

Capsule ______ chemical compounds normally present in host human body fails to stimulate host defense system

Example that has a capsule made of hyaluronic Acid is ______.

A

Mimicks

Streptococcus pyogene

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20
Q

Capsule has a ______ nature that tend to ________ away from defense cell phagocytosis

A

Slippery

Slip

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21
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae &a capsule has 2 variant _______ & ______

A

Capsulated which is pathogenic causes full blown disease in human

Noncapsulated which is nonpathogentic which fails to established

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22
Q

Capsule protect cell from _______, due to its functional capacity to bind and retain water molecules (hydrophilic nature)

A

Drying

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23
Q

A capsule _______ plays critical role during initial attachment to their host surface, its _______ surface can be pinned down phagocytosed or eliminated by defense cells

A

Colonization

Rough surface

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24
Q

______ and _______ colonize on the tooth which has no role in transplant nutrient source for bacteria. Surface ferment ______ and produce acidic products which destroys tooth and cause tooth decay

A

Streptococcus mutants and dential plague

Sugar

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25
__________ is trademark of streptococcus pneumonia capsule subunit vaccine
Prenate 13
26
bacterial cell wall: ______ macromolecule and provides rigidly and mechanical stability due to its highly _________ structures
Grampositive peptidoglycan | crosslined
27
bacterial cell wall: Backbone linear polymer of repeat __________ units, the units are made of alternating NAG and NAM linked by ____________
disaccharide | o-glycosidic linkage
28
bacterial cell wall: Tail _________ composed of alternating ___ and ___ amino acids ___ are stereoisomers mostly found in cell which is rare. ___ more found in amino acids
Tetrapeptide D and L D are stereoisomers mostly found in cell which is rare. L more found in amino acids
29
_______ attaches to NAM via a complex linkage | which minimizes tendency to form helices and provides an extended "Rigid" peptide chain
Tail
30
________ crosslink between parallel tetrapeptide side chains which stabilize the polypeptide structure
bridge (connecting chain)
31
_______ made of ether short chain of amino acids or directly bonded to one another, which links 3rd residue of one chain to the 4th residual amino acid of the adjacent tetrapeptide chain
bridge (connecting chain)
32
_______ enzyme facilitate crossing bridging which are in Gram positive and Gram negative
Penicillin Bind Protein (PBP)
33
________ is a multilayered, permits free passage of substances (sugar,ions,aminoacids) - it posses typical peptidoglycan structure with few unque features.
Gram Positive
34
______ - the third amino acid in the tetrapeptide tail is always L-ysine - wide variation in bridge amino acid sequence
Gram Positive
35
_______ are found associated with Gram Positive Cell wall
teichoic Acid
36
________ is Gram positive cell wall but is resistant to gram staining is due to the presence of waxy mycolic acid in it cell wall structure
mycobacterium cell wall
37
________ polymer of sugar/glycerol phosphate with amino acid (D-alanine) which are covalently attached to NAM
teichoic acids
38
_______ are classes of teichoic acids, which spans the thick peptidoglycan layer that attached to plasma membrane lipids
lipoteichoic acid
39
______ are classes of teichoic acids, which confined to the peptidoglycan layer
wall teichoic acid
40
- binds and regulate gram positive charged ions movements into and out of the cell - they furnish attachment site for many bacteriophages - provides antigenic specificity
teichoic acid
41
______ is one of the PAMP's but are not found in human body
teichoic acid
42
________ consist of periplasm and periplasmic space - 1-2 layers of peptidogly can - an outermembrane cell wall - NOOOOOO TEICHOIC ACID
gram negative
43
_________ thin layered, suspended in the periplasmic space - linked to outer membrane (lipoprotein) - posses typical peptidoglycan structure with two changes
gram negative
44
______ the third amino acid of the tetrapeptide tail is diaminopimelic acid
gram negative
45
________ -the cross bridge is direct!!!!! -linking pattern is similar the 3rd amino acid of tail is directly connected to the 4th amino acid of the adjacent tail from NAM
gram negative
46
_______ are lipopolysaccharide layer and asymmetric lipid bilayer which also consist of lipoproteins, phospholipids and proteins
gram negative "outer membrane architectures"
47
________ serves as molecular finger print during identification process -made of two component polysaccharide portion and lipid portion (lipid A)
lipopolysaccharide molecule
48
_______ polymeric sugars with o-glycosidic bonds | -composition varies among bacteria E.coli 0157 (cattle intestine) and E.coli K12 (human intestine)
polysaccharide portion
49
-plays role in resistance toward complement activation and MAC lysis (membrane attack complex)
polysaccharide portion
50
_________ resistance which have extended lipopolysaccharide to keep MAC away
neisseria gonorrhoeae
51
______ is essential for insertion of polysaccharide in the outer membrane leaflet - released during bacterial lysis due to - antibiotic associated cell lysis - phagocytosis by macrophagest other defense cell - MAC mediated complement lysis
lipid portion
52
_______ plays important role during pathogenesis of many microbes, which causes disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
lipid portion
53
________ interferes with peptidoglycan synthesis that binds to PBP, which facilitates cross linking of adjacent tetrapeptide chain that acts like a barrier
penicillin
54
______ is effective only against gram positive bacteria because gram negative bacteria have lipopolysaccharide and protein layer of the cell wall, preventing _______ from attacking
penicillin
55
______ binds to 4th amino acid of the tail to prevent cross binding
vancomylin
56
______ present in tears, saliva and body fluid - breaks bond between NAG and NAM (backbone structure) - provides natural defense
lysozyme
57
_______ are gram positive cells stripped off the cell wall mechanism of antibiotic resistance against cell wall acting antibiotic
Protoplast
58
______ are gram negative cells partially stripped off cell wall
spheroplast
59
_______ is thin structure lies inside the cell - defines as the external boundary of cell - has prokaryote plasma membrane which consist
plasma membrane
60
_______ plasma membraneconsist of protein, lipids, glycoproteins, and most plasma membrane have NO CHOLESTEROL!
prokaryote
61
_______ membrane has cholesterol in plasma, also cannot treat with penicillin
mycoplasma
62
_____ acts as selective barrier which monitors flow in both direction and helps maintain constant appropriate internal environment
plasma membrane
63
antibiotics and disinfectant: | _______ trademarks name of phenol based antibacterial agent (6 phenyphenol)
Lysol
64
antibiotics and disinfectant: | ______ acts in a similar way as lysol, is a phenol based antibacterial agent.
alcohol
65
antibiotics and disinfectant: | ______ is part of 1st aid ointment that dissolves lipid and denatured membrane proteins then cell dies
polymixin B
66
_______ extend into or through the lipids bilayer which typically are trans membranes proteins
integral proteins
67
_______ attached to inner or outer surface of membranes which functions as enzymes, scaffold, receptors
peripheral proteins
68
______ are mechanism that facilitates small molecules to enter cell across the normally impermeable membrane
transport system
69
roles of _______ - to bring in nutrients - expel waste products and substances harmful to the cell - secretes selective proteins molecules
transport system
70
_______ bacteria secrete alpha - amylase which are starch>glucose unit>transport in cells
slime

Biol3 (26 decks)

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