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Biol3 > Final exam: HIV/AIDs, Tubulosis > Flashcards

Final exam: HIV/AIDs, Tubulosis Flashcards

1
Q

_______ when immune sys fails to provide required protection

A

Immune deficiency

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2
Q

________ Consequence, increases susceptibility to cancer and infections compromised immunotherapy such as vaccination

A

Immune deficiency

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3
Q

_______ has two types

  • Acquired immune deficiency (secondary immune deficiency
  • Congenital immune deficiency (primary immune deficiency)
A

Immune deficiency

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4
Q

_______ from birth B. cell Tcells thymes absence.

A

Congenital immune deficiency

(primary immune deficiency)

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5
Q

_____ Aging process radiation/chemotherpy or drug. infects agent like HIV measle tuberculosis. malnutriotion and stress o corticosteriod are toxic to T-cell

A

Acquired immune deficiency

(secondary immune deficiency)

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6
Q

______ orginate and mature in bonemarrow

A

B-Cells

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7
Q

_____ orginate in bone marrow, mature in thymes

A

T-Cells

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8
Q

__1___ syndrome with many other complications ___1___is caused by HIV, a retrovirus

1st reported in 1981 in LA, NY and SF

A

1.AIDS

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9
Q

______ infection Virus has entered the body and is replicating. may or may not process to AIDS

A

HIV

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10
Q

__________ collections of signs and symptoms of disease associated with a common pathology

A

syndrome

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11
Q

_____ is

  • high mortality and morbidity
    • extended asymptomatic stage
A

AIDS

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12
Q

______ life long infectiousness 15-25 years due to the latene established because of the provirus.

A

AIDS

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13
Q

_______ cannot be elimated

A

Provirus

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14
Q

_______ highly mutable virus, reverse transcript lack proof read and activity constant change in surface antigen composition.

A

AIDS

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15
Q

AIDS ______ enbles the virus to ascape host defense synthesis and creates a major obstacle for vaccine portion

A

surface antigen cmposition

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16
Q

Lethality of _____mainly due to fact that virus targets critical component of immune system CD4, T helper cells and depletes it over time

A

HIV

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17
Q

Lethality of ____ individual develops weakened immune system; susceptible to opportunistic pathogens

A

HIV

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18
Q

Misconceptions against _____ in Gay Men’s and AIDS epidermic is under control

A

HIV

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19
Q

_____ more aggressive common in developed nation

A

HIV l

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20
Q

______ less aggressive common in afrrican nation but more death

A

HIV ll

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21
Q

_____ particles are Genome RNA, Capsid, Envelope, t-RNA, Enzymes, spike and matrix

A

HIV

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22
Q

_____ genomic RNA have structural genes and non structural genes

A

HIV

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23
Q

HIV genomic RNA has _____ genes that are Gag, Pol and Env

A

Structural genes

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24
Q

HIV genomic RNA have _______ genes which has a regulatory proteion and asscessory protein

A

non structural genes

25
Q

HIV genomic RNA have Non structural genes which has a ________ is essential for replication

A

regulatory proteion

26
Q

HIV genomic RNA have Non structural genes which has a ________ that enchances replication and/or infectivity

A

asscessory protein

27
Q

HIV Genomic RNA structural genes of _____ is group specfic antigen makes viral ucleocapsid.

A

Gag

28
Q

HIV Genomic RNA structural genes of _____ codes for viral enzymes

A

pol

29
Q

HIV Genomic RNA structural genes of _____ codes for the 2 surface proteins the gp causes synctia formation

A

Env

30
Q

______ Transmission: vehicles include, semen, vaginal and rectal fluid ( major modes), breast milk transfusion of infected blood, clotting factors or IgG

A

HIV

31
Q

_______ must pass directly from person to person, pol blood plasma

A

HIV

32
Q

_______ transmission is High risk of sharing needle, tattos and body piercing if instrument are not sterile.

A

HIV

33
Q

______ no risk or minimal risk associated with social kissing/hugging, toilet seat sharing and insect bite

A

HIV

34
Q

_______ has 9 million new cases each year, its a globle health problem

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

35
Q

________ it’s agent is slow growing from 48 to 72 hours.

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

36
Q

_______ Cell wall: waxy, mycolic acid contributes to inherent antimicrobial resistance

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

37
Q

______ Host unaware of infection; resistance is influenced by,

  • presence of other illness ( such as diabetes, immunocompromised condition, pneumonia, HIV AIDS))
  • physical or environmental factor
  • overcrowding and malnutrition
  • individual stress, alcohol, smoking and drug abuse
A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

38
Q

______ Organs affects pulmonary and extra pulmonary TB ( bones, meninges and lymphatic system)

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

39
Q

_______ Primary, reactivated ( secondary), latent and disseminated TB

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

40
Q

_______ step 1, Mycobacterium typically infect the respiratory tract via inhalation of respiratory droplets from infected individuals

A

Primary tuberculosis

41
Q

______ step 2 macrophages in alveoli phagocytize mycobacteria but are unable to digest them, in part because the bacterium inhibits fusion of lysosomes to endocytic vesicles

A

Primary tuberculosis

42
Q

______ step 3, bacteria replicate freely within macrophages, gradually killing the phagoctes. bacteria released from dead macrophages are phagocytized by other macrophages, beginning the new cycle

A

primary tuberculosis

43
Q

_______ step 3 inected macrophages present antigen to T lymphoctes, which produce lymphokines that attract and activates more macrophages and trigger inflammation. tightly packed macrophages surround the site of infection, forming a tubercle over two to three month period

A

primary tuberculosis

44
Q

______ step 5, other cells deposit collagen fibers, enclosing infected macrophages and lung cells within the tubercle. inected cells in the center die. releasing M. tuberculosis and producing caseous necrosis the death of tissue that takes on a cheese like consistancy due to protein and fat released from dying cells,. A stalemate between the bacterium and the body’s defenses develops

A

Primary Tuberculosis

45
Q

______ when bacterial cells breaks the deadlock and ruptures the tubercle and restablish an active infection, common in immunocompromised individuals

A

Secondary tuberculosis

46
Q

_______ when bacterial cells are carried inside macrophages via blood and lymph to other sites ( bone marrow, kidneys, spleen and CNS)

A

Disseminated tuberculosis

47
Q

_______ is a virulence factors which is slow growth of the bacteria that secretes cord factor, toxic to maimalia cells, mutant bacteria with no cord factor secretions

A

dissemiated tuberculosis

48
Q

______ is non lethal mycolic acid is presence, it retain H2O and restrict antibotics which resistance to dehydration and dessication. bacteria retain its H2O

A

disseminated tuberculosis

49
Q

______ Diagnosis and treatment are Multiple drug therapy; long treatment, drug discontinuation, prime factor for resistant strain emergence MDR and X-MDR strains

A

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

50
Q

_____ resistant to isoniazid riframpin

A

MDR

51
Q

________ resistant invites to 3 antituberculosis drugs in additional to isonizid riframpin

A

X-MDR strains

52
Q

_______ purified protein derivatia (PPD) is used; injected subcutaneously, observed 24 -72 hrs

A

Tuberculin test

53
Q

______ after Diagnosis: confirmed by sputum culture and chest X ray (tubercles)

A

Tuberculin test:

54
Q

______ prevention mainly by Bacillus Calmette and Guerrin(BCG) vaccine is limited to high risk individual (health care workers

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

55
Q

_______ (BCG vaccine) is use M.bovis as alternate cell vaccines which always come out positive after PPD test, so they discontinued this vaccine

A

Calmette

56
Q

______ diseases previously significant health problems and their incidence had decreased for time period but now once again are major health threats

A

Tuberculosis Deadly Reemerging ID (RID)

57
Q

______ Re-emergence partially due to

  • HIV / AIDS epidemic
  • Complicated immunodeficiency ( viral or otherwise) aggravates risk of progression from latent to active TB
  • anti TB drugs slowed spread for some time
  • drug resistant and MDR forms emerged due to discontinuance of anti TB drugs
A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

58
Q

______ use is restricted in DR + MDR, Inhibits ATP synthesis tit’s action and FDA 2013

A

Betaqiline

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