Exam 2: Ruminant Male Reproductive Tract

Question 1

If this nerve is damaged, the animal will not have a normal

ejaculatory response

Answer 1

Dorsal nerve

Question 2

This artery supplies the corpus cavernosum of the penis

Answer 2

Deep artery of the penis

Question 3

Muscular contraction of these 2 muscles,

and increased blood supply to the corpus cavernosum via the deep artery of the penis

result in erection

Answer 3

Bulbospongiosus

Ischiocavernosus

Question 4

For penile examination in the bull,

what 2 meds can be used for sedation?

Answer 4

Xylazine

Acepromazine

Question 5

This nerve block

blocks the supply to the retractor penis muscle

allowing for examination of the penis

Answer 5

Pudendal nerve block

Question 6

What is the easiest way to exam the bull’s

reproductive system?

Answer 6

View a mating attempt

Question 7

At what age should castration be performed

in bulls?

Answer 7

1 - 3 months old

Question 8

What are the main points supporting the argument

for older castration in bulls?

Answer 8

Claim better growth WITHOUT implants

Claim that Callicrate banders

are the most humane way to castrate an animal

Question 9

What 4 pieces of equipment can be used to

castrate a bull?

Answer 9

Newberry Knife

Elastrator

Callicrate

Burdizzo

Question 10

What is this tool used in the castration of ruminants?

Answer 10

Newberry Knife

Question 11

Name the castrating tool described by the following:

Firm band that stretches over neck of scrotum (testes distal)

and constricts until avascular necrosis of scrotum.

More commonly used in rams than in bulls.

Answer 11

Elastrator

Question 12

What is this tool used in castration?

Answer 12

Elastrator

Question 13

What is the biggest risk of using an Elastrator?

Answer 13

Leaves a large piece of avascular tissue

=

Risk of TETANUS

Question 14

Name the castrating tool described by the following:

Tool used in older bulls for castration.

Pulls and clamps so tight, goes past the point of discomfort.

Answer 14

Callicrate

Question 15

Name this castration tool

Answer 15

Callicrate

Question 16

Name the castrating tool described by the following:

Clamps and crushes the ductus deferens and

vascular supply.

Must remember to stagger the clamp on opposite sides

or will have necrosis of whole scrotum

Answer 16

Burdizzo

Question 17

What is this castration tool?

Answer 17

Burdizzo

Question 18

Describe the cause and etiology of

ulcers of the preputial orifice

Answer 18

hair clipped too short

urine accumulates

urease-producing organisms produce ammonia

Ulceration, secondary infection

Question 19

This type of ulcer occurs in

overweight rams that are confined and lay down a lot.

The ulcer forms from laying the prepuce against the ventral

abdomen- basically a bedsore.

It is seen dorsal to the preputial orifice.

Answer 19

Decubital ulcer

Question 20

How are decubital ulcers treated?

Answer 20

SURGICAL EXCISION!

Cannot be treated conservatively!

Question 21

Preputial prolapse is mostly seen in this type of cattle

due to their long, pendulous prepuces.

Answer 21

Bos Indicus

Question 22

T/F:

Preputial prolapse is seen more commonly in dairy breeds

Answer 22

FALSE

Beef breeds- Angus

Question 23

How is preputial prolapse treated?

Answer 23

Hold it against the body with a bandage

+

Exercise and hydrotherapy

Question 24

Inability to EXTEND the penis is known as

Answer 24

Phimosis

Question 25

Inability to RETRACT the penis is known as

Answer 25

Paraphimosis

Question 26

A ring of inelastic tissue near the tip of the prepuce that prevents retraction of the penis

Answer 26

Cicatrix

Question 27

How is stenosis of the penis (phimosis, paraphimosis) treated?

Answer 27

SURGERY Make **longitudinal incision** and suture **transversely.** *NOT a circumferential incision- risk of cicatrix*

Question 28

**Preputial avulsion/ penile laceration** is only seen in __________ bulls, typically after return from a **lay-off period**

Answer 28

AI (artificial insemination bulls)

Question 29

Preputial avulsion/ penile laceration is treated via prompt \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 29

surgery- suture tear together

Question 30

What is going on here?

Answer 30

Persistent Frenulum

Question 31

T/F: Persistent frenulum is an inherited condition

Answer 31

TRUE

Question 32

Spiral deviation of the penis is caused by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ slipping to the side

Answer 32

Apical ligament

Question 33

Ventral deviation of the penis is known as

Answer 33

rainbow penis

Question 34

How is ventral deviation of the penis distinguised from erection failure?

Answer 34

Erection failure is characterized by a FLOPPY FLACCID penis. Ventral deviation can still be hard.

Question 35

Penile hematoma is caused by the rupture of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 35

tunica albuginea

Question 36

The tunica albuginea always ruptures \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, sometimes dorsally, but NEVER \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 36

The tunica albuginea always ruptures **_dorsolaterally_** sometimes dorsally, but NEVER **_VENTRAL_**

Question 37

What prevents the tunica albuginea from rupturing ventrally?

Answer 37

Retractor penis muscle

Question 38

Vesiculitis (inflammation of the seminal vesicles) has biphasic onset. What types of bulls are affected by this condition?

Answer 38

Young bulls Older Mature bulls

Question 39

What is the difference between vesiculitis in a young bull and in an older, mature bull?

Answer 39

Young bulls- often cure spontaneously Older bulls- need surgery- Vesiculectomy

Question 40

How is vesiculitis diagnosed?

Answer 40

Leukospermia Rectal palpation U/S

Question 41

What are the methods of creating Teaser Bulls?

Answer 41

Vasectomy/Epididectomy Penile Translocation Preputial pouch Anchoring sigmoid flexure Pexy of retractor penis muscles

Question 42

This procedure to create a teaser bull involves moving the penis so that it exits out the side of its flank

Answer 42

penis translocation

Question 43

Teaser bulls are usually only useful for about ______ years. After this, they become frustrated, aggressive, or just stop working (decreased libido)

Answer 43

2 years