Exam 2: Hernias

Question 1

What are the 3 categories of abdominal hernias?

Answer 1

Reducible

Incarcerated (Non-reducible)

Stragulated

Question 2

What are the 3 portions of a hernia?

Answer 2

Ring

Sac

Contents

Question 3

A true hernia is also known as an ________ hernia

Answer 3

indirect

Question 4

A false hernia is also known as a _________ hernia

Answer 4

direct

Question 5

This type of hernia is characterized by

components coming through an aperature,

and consisting of a complete peritoneal sac

Answer 5

True-Indirect hernia

Question 6

A false-direct hernia does NOT contain a peritoneal sac,

and is usually created by ________

Answer 6

trauma

Question 7

The most commonly seen inguinal hernia in horses

Answer 7

Indirect-True INGUINAL hernia

Question 8

T/F:

Unilateral congenital inguinal hernias are more common

than bilateral congenital inguinal hernias

Answer 8

TRUE

Congenital: unilateral > bilateral

Question 9

Congenital inguinal hernias (seen most commonly in colts)

usually resolves spontaneously

by ________months of age

Answer 9

3 - 6 months

Question 10

A _________ inguinal hernia

is seen 4 - 48 hours after birth in foals

Answer 10

ruptured

Question 11

Ruptured inguinal hernias in

_____ horses are acquired and NON-reducible.

Answer 11

Adult

Question 12

T/F:

In foals, inguinal hernias are congenital, reducible,

and non-painful

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

The most common organs involved in

equine inguinal hernias

Answer 13

Distal Jejunum

+

Ileum

Question 14

Equine inguinal hernias are usually this type

Answer 14

TRUE INDIRECT

Question 15

In horses, an acquired inguinal hernia/rupture

requires EMERGENCY surgery

and the survival rate is _____%

Answer 15

76%

Question 16

The open approach to surgical management of inguinal hernias

involves transection of the ___________

which attaches the vaginal sac to the scrotum

Answer 16

scrotal ligament

Question 17

What is the purpose of performing a castration

on an animal that has had an acquired inguinal hernia?

Answer 17

To prevent recurrence

Question 18

What surgical procedure is used to treat

inguinal hernias in foals?

Answer 18

Laparoscopic herniorrhapy

Question 19

What surgical procedure is used to treat inguinal hernias

if you want to preserve viable testes?

Answer 19

Peritoneal Flap Hernioplasty

Question 20

Indirect inguinal hernias in cattle

are usually seen in mature bulls on the

LEFT side. Why?

Answer 20

increased pressure due to rumen

Question 21

Indirect inguinal hernias are seen most often

in BEEF breeds, especially this breed in particular

Answer 21

Hereford

Question 22

Indirect inguinal hernias are often CHRONIC in cattle

and lead to decreased _________ quality

Answer 22

semen

Question 23

Herefords are more prone to Indirect inguinal hernias

due to their _________ conformation

Answer 23

hourglass

Question 24

How are Indirect inguinal hernias

different from Direct inguinal hernias in cattle?

Answer 24

DIRECT has no side predilection and NO hourglass shape

Question 25

The most common type of hernia seen in the horse

Answer 25

UMBILICAL hernias | (2% occurrence in foals)

Question 26

Strangulated umbilical hernias are rare, non-reducible, and painful. a Parietal ______ Hernia is caused when the **antimesenteric wall of the ileum** becomes incarcerated

Answer 26

RICHTER

Question 27

Umbilical Hernias: Firm thickened hernia ring = ______ prognosis for repair Thin/indistinct hernia ring = ______ prognosis for repair

Answer 27

Umbilical Hernias: _Firm_ thickened hernia ring = **_GOOD_** prognosis for repair _Thin_/indistinct hernia ring = **_FAIR_** prognosis for repair (potential increased complications)

Question 28

What are the contents of umbilical hernias?

Answer 28

Subperitoneal fat, omentum, viscera (ileum or small intestine most common)

Question 29

T/F: Umbilical hernias are almost always reducible

Answer 29

TRUE

Question 30

Umbilical Hernias: Hernias less than _______ cm in diameter and reducible can be treated conservatively

Answer 30

\< 5 cm

Question 31

Umbilical Hernias: When is surgical intervention indicated?

Answer 31

If not spontaneously resolving by 4 months old \> 10 cm (4 inches) in diameter

Question 32

DO NOT USE HERNIA CLAMPS IN FOALS. Why?

Answer 32

Could be a Richter hernia Increased tetanus risk

Question 33

Direct surgical repair is recommended in foals. What type of herniorrhaphy is preferred?

Answer 33

OPEN herniorrhaphy in foals | (hernia sac incised along edge of ring)

Question 34

A Strangulated Umbilical Herniorrhaphy involves a celiotomy ______ to the ring, and en bloc resection of the lesion

Answer 34

CRANIAL

Question 35

What is the post-op procedure for foals after umbilical hernia sx?

Answer 35

Confined to box stall for 30 - 45 days

Question 36

This type of hernia is the most common birth defect in cattle. It is hereditary and seen in HOLSTEINS

Answer 36

UNCOMPLICATED umbilical hernia

Question 37

In an UNCOMPLICATED umbilical hernia in a calf, the hernial sac most commonly contains the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 37

ABOMASUM

Question 38

What are the indications for conservative treatment of UNCOMPLICATED umbilical hernia in a calf?

Answer 38

\<5 cm Reducible No evidence of infection (clamps, bands, bandages)

Question 39

What type of surgical intervention is used to treat UNCOMPLICATED umbilical hernias \>5cm long in calves?

Answer 39

OPEN herniorrhaphy

Question 40

Umbilical INFECTION in calves can be ID'd via palpation. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ dorsal hernia or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ventral mass adhered to skin

Answer 40

reducible non-reducible

Question 41

How is umbilical infection treated in calves?

Answer 41

OPEN Herniorrhaphy + Penicillin (while waiting for CS results)

Question 42

Are post-op complications of herniorrhaphy more common in calves or foals?

Answer 42

CALVES! more common to have infection

Question 43

In treatment of umbilical infection in calves, OPEN herniorrhaphy with EN BLOC removal of umbilical remnants is performed. This involves removing the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the urinary bladder

Answer 43

Apex

Question 44

The ______ is the most commonly infected umbilical remnant

Answer 44

urachus

Question 45

Inflammation of the umbilical \_\_\_\_\_ is know as Omphalophlebitis

Answer 45

veins

Question 46

Localized omphalophlebitis in calves can be treated by ligating the umbilical vein and removing \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 46

en bloc

Question 47

If omphalophlebitis in calves extends **cranially to involve the liver**, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is required, which means creating a 2nd incision and suturing the umbilical vein to the body wall; allowed to heal via 2nd intention

Answer 47

marsupialization