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RUSVM LASx PRACTICE QUESTIONS > Exam 2: Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Exam 2: Ophthalmology Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

A condition in which the eyelid (usually the lower lid) folds inward. It is very uncomfortable, as the eyelashes constantly rub against the cornea and irritate it

A

Entropion

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2
Q

How is entropion treated?

A

Inject saline into eyelid and suture

with simple interrupted sutures

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3
Q

A full-thickness defect in the eyelid

A

Eyelid coloboma

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4
Q

What type of surgical technique is used for

removal of squamous cell carcinoma near the eye?

A

Sliding Flap technique and Burow’s triangles

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5
Q

There are no blood vessels in a normal healthy ______

A

cornea

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6
Q

Corneal stroma is made of collagen

arranged in a _______ fashion

to make it transparent

A

parallel

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7
Q

Name the layers of the cornea from outermost to innermost

A

Tear film

Corneal epithelium

Corneal stroma

Descemet’s membrane

Endothelium

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8
Q

This layer of the cornea is the thickest

and is composed of collagen arranged in a parallel manner

A

Corneal stroma

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9
Q

The innermost layer of the cornea,

the endothelium is _____ layer thick

A

1

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10
Q

Inflammation of the cornea is known as

A

Keratitis

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11
Q

What are the clinical signs of keratitis (corneal inflammation)?

A

Blepharospasm

Epiphora

Corneal edema

Corneal opacity

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12
Q

What type of block can you use to

inhibit blepharospasm in a horse?

A

Infraorbital block of the frontal nerve

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13
Q

Squinting of the eye due to pain is known as

A

blepharospasm

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14
Q

Why does the eye appear cloudy when corneal edema is present?

A

fluid in the stromal area causes collagen fibers to

be disorganized, resulting in the cloudy appearance

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15
Q

What test is used to diagnose keratitis?

A

Fluorescein test

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16
Q

What layer of the cornea is stained with

the fluorescein test?

A

Stroma

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17
Q

In normal corneal healing,

the cornea heals via this mechanism

A

Cell Sliding

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18
Q

Why does a corneal ulcer form?

A

Bacteria invade an epithelial defect in the cornea

causing tissue destruction and eventually

corneal perforation

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19
Q

What can the pattern of corneal vascularization tell you?

A

Depth of corneal ulcer

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20
Q

If you see corneal vascularization in a

circular or branching pattern,

how deep is the ulcer?

21
Q

What type of corneal vascularization pattern

do you expect to see in cases of a deep ulcer?

Study These Flashcards
A

STRAIGHT pattern

22
Q

Upon corneal inspection, you see

anastomosis of circular branching patterns and straight patterns

in corneal vascularization.

What does this tell you?

Study These Flashcards
A

The problem is CHRONIC

23
Q

________ swabs are used to culture

infections of the cornea

because cotton swabs have enzymes that can

mask some infections

24
Q

What surgical technique is used to treat

and undermined/deep corneal ulcers

after swabbing and trimming with a curette?

Study These Flashcards
A

Conjunctival pedicle flap

brings more blood vessels to the area to help heal

25
You see an opacity and stain it with fluorescein, but there is no uptake of the dye. The epithelial surface is uneven. What is your dx?
Stromal Infection
26
What causes an iris prolapse (Staphyloma)?
An infection that is too deep ruptures into the anterior chamber. The iris washes anteriorly, meaning it is pulled against the cornea to plug the hole. NEVER TOUCH THE IRIS- bleeds profusely
27
an inflammatory condition of the intraocular cavities (ie, the aqueous and/or vitreous humor) usually caused by infection
Endophthalmitis
28
How is Endophthalmitis treated?
exenteration of the eyeball (complete removal)
29
**Lens luxation** occurs when the lens capsule separates 360° from the zonules. This can eventually lead to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ formation
cataract
30
How is **lens luxation** treated?
Lens extraction
31
Describe what happens post-op lens extraction
Phthisis bulbi (a shrunken, non-functional eye) occurs. **Hyaluronic acid** is used to fill the anterior chamber
32
This condition is known by all of the following names: Uveitis Iridocyclitis (iris inflammation) Periodic ophthalmia (conjunctivitis, eye inflammation) Moon Blindness
Equine Recurrent Uveitis
33
Equine Recurrent Uveitis is also known as
Moon Blindness
34
What is the most common cause of blindness in horses?
Moon Blindness (Equine Recurrent Uveitis)
35
What 3 components comprise the uvea?
Iris Ciliary Body Choroid
36
Inflammation of the entire vascular tunic of the eye
Uveitis
37
Moon Blindness (Equine Recurrent Uveitis) is common in this breed of horses
APPALOOSAS (M**_oo**_n-Appal_**oo_**sas)
38
The prevalence of Moon Blindness (Equine Recurrent Uveitis) is \_\_\_\_\_% of all horses
12%
39
What are the clinical signs associated with Equine Recurrent Uveitis/Moon Blindness?
PAIN (acute) Photophobia, Blepharospasm, Lacrimation Conjunctivitis Hypopyon (inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber of the eye) Miosis (pupil constriction)
40
Posterior Synechiae is seen in ________ cases of ERU/Moon Blindness
chronic/recurrent acute
41
eye condition where the iris adheres to the lens
posterior synechiae
42
What is going on with this eye?
Posterior Synechiae ## Footnote *(caused by ERU/moon blindness)*
43
After the acute phase of ERU/moon blindness, the eye is dilated using \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ which tears the iris from the lens and causes black dots characteristic of posterior synechiae
Atropine
44
How is ERU/moon blindness diagnosed?
Ultrasound to look at posterior structures especially **retinal detachment**
45
What medications are used in the treatment of ERU/moon blindness?
Analgesics- **phenylbutazone** Mydriatics (pupil dilation)- **atropine** Topicals- **corticosteroids**
46
What surgical method is used in the treatment of ERU/moon blindness?
Vitrectomy (removes floaters)
47
What tools are required to perform a Vitrectomy?
Vitreous cutter and suction Eye prosthesis
48
What are "floaters"?
Inflammatory by-products in the vitreous humor

RUSVM LASx PRACTICE QUESTIONS (24 decks)

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