Exam 3 Pathways And Integrative Function

Question 1

Sensation comes into the

Answer 1

Spinal cord and send motor outflow to muscles

Question 2

The sensory information coming into the spinal cord is

Answer 2

Relayed by several neurons in series

Question 3

The motor outflow from the _ descends into motor neurons in the _

Answer 3

Cerebrum (UMN), ventral horn of the spinal cord (LMN)

Question 4

The white matter of the spinal cord can be divided into functionally distinct regions called

Answer 4

Funiculi

Question 5

Motor pathways _ into funiculi of the spinal cord

Answer 5

Descend

Question 6

Sensory pathways _ into the funiculi of the spinal cord

Answer 6

Ascend

Question 7

In sensory pathways, what are the series to transmit information to the brain

Answer 7

First neuron is primary, second is secondary, and third is tertiary

Question 8

What does the posterior funiculus-medial lemnisal pathway carry?

Answer 8

Sensation regarding precise touch and pressure from the skin

Question 9

The thalamus relays…

Answer 9

Somatosensory information

Question 10

The primary neurons are multipolar or unipolar

Answer 10

Unipolar

Question 11

The first step of the posterior funiculus pathway….

Answer 11

1. The primary neurons enter the spinal cord and ascend into the posterior funiculus

Question 12

In the posterior funiculus medial Lemniscal pathway the primary neurons relay the info to

Answer 12

Secondary neurons in the medulla

Question 13

In step 2 of the posterior funiculus medial pathway….

Answer 13

The axons of secondary neurons cross to the opposite side and ascend into the thalamus

Question 14

A bundle of secondary neuron axons that cross over in the posterior funiculus medial pathway are called?

Answer 14

Medial lemniscus

Question 15

Step 3 of the posterior funiculus medial pathway….

Answer 15

The tertiary neurons in thalamus receive info and send it to the primary somatosensory cortex (post central gyrus)

Question 16

The primary somatosensory cortex is also known as the

Answer 16

Postcentral gyrus

Question 17

If there is damage to the posterior funiculus medial pathway..

Answer 17

You lose precise touch and pressure for a certain spinal cord level and below.

Question 18

Central processes in the posterior funiculus medial pathway….

Answer 18

Ascend into the posterior funiculus

Question 19

The anterolateral pathway carries

Answer 19

Sensation regarding pain, temperature, crude touch and crude pressure from skin

Question 20

In the anterolateral pathway the first step is that the

Answer 20

primary neurons enter dorsal horn and relay info to secondary neurons

Question 21

In the anterolateral pathway the second step is that the

Answer 21

Axons of the secondary neurons cross to the opposite side and ascend in the white matter of the spinal cord.

Question 22

In the anterolateral pathway, axons carrying information regarding pain and temperature…

Answer 22

Ascend into the lateral funiculus

Question 23

In the anterolateral pathway, axons carrying information regarding crude touch and pressure….

Answer 23

Ascend into the anterior funiculus

Question 24

In step three of the anterolateral pathway, the tertiary neurons

Answer 24

In the thalamus receive the info and send to somatosensory cortex.

Question 25

Lateral spinothalamic tract carries sensation for

Answer 25

Pain and temp

Question 26

Anterior spinothalamic tract carries sensation for

Answer 26

Crude touch and pressure

Question 27

The spinocerebellar pathway carries info regarding

Answer 27

Proprioception

Question 28

Awareness of position of body parts based on the length and tension in individual muscles

Answer 28

Proprioception

Question 29

There are no tertiary neurons in which pathway

Answer 29

spinocerebellar pathway

Question 30

In the spinocerebellar pathway, the primary neurons

Answer 30

Enter the dorsal horn and relay info to secondary neurons

Question 31

The axons of the secondary neurons in the spinocerebellar pathway…

Answer 31

Ascend in the lateral funiculi

Question 32

The secondary neurons send what information and to where in the spinocerebellar pathway

Answer 32

Send proprioceptive info to BOTH sides of the cerebellum

Question 33

If the lateral finiculus in the spinocerebellar pathway is damaged….

Answer 33

There is a loss of proprioception on both sides of the body.

Question 34

Upper motor neurons can originate in the

Answer 34

Cerebral cortex or nuclei

Question 35

Lower motor neurons are located in the

Answer 35

anterior horns of the spinal cord

Question 36

Corticospinal tracts descend in the

Answer 36

White matter of spinal cord

Question 37

What is the only motor pathway

Answer 37

The corticospinal tract

Question 38

The corticospinal tract contains

Answer 38

corticospinal neurons that control skeletal muscles below the head

Question 39

Upper motor neurons originate primarily in the _ in the corticospinal tract

Answer 39

Somatomotor cortex, pre central gyrus

Question 40

In The corticospinal tract, as the descending axons of upper motor neurons reach the medulla, what happens?

Answer 40

85% cross to opposite side and descend into lateral funiculi | 15% stay on same side, descend into anterior funiculi then cross over to opposite side

Question 41

Lateral corticospinal tract contains how many

Answer 41

85%

Question 42

Anterior corticospinal tract contains

Answer 42

15%

Question 43

In summary, if there is damage on the right side of the posterior funiculi what happens

Answer 43

Loss of precise touch on the same side of the body

Question 44

In summary, if there is damage on the right side of the lateral funiculi what happens

Answer 44

Loss of proprioception of both sides of the body; pain and temperature lost in the opposite side of the body; lose 85% strength of muscles of same side of the damage.

Question 45

In summary, if there is damage on one side of the anterior funiculi what happens

Answer 45

Loss of crude touch on opposite side of the body; loss of 15% strength of muscles on opposite side of damage