Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > exam 4- lecture 1 > Flashcards

exam 4- lecture 1 Flashcards

(52 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what do autacoid antagonists include?

A

H1-H2 receptor blockers

eicosanoids (prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes)

serotonin agonists

angiotensin inhibitors

cytokinins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

this was recently released and used for seasonal rhinitis, lasts 24 hours

A

cetirizine (Zyrtec)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the adverse reactions of histamine?

A

anaphylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are some abnormalities associated with fetal hydantoin syndrome?

A

carniofacial anomalies, microcephaly, limb defects, growth deficiency and mental retardation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what seizures are termed tonic-clonic and absence?

A

generalized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what drugs are used to treat Grand Mal seizures?

A

valproic acid, phenytoin (dilantin), phenobarbital, and carbamazepine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the H2-agonist effects of histamine?

A

increased gastric acid secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

this is continuous tonic clonic seizures lasting longer than 30 minute or reoccur before the end of the previous seizure and is an emergency situation

A

status epilepticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

this type of seizure, you are unaware that it is occuring, no aura or postictal state

A

absence (petit mal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the goal of a status epilepticus seizure?

A

to control seizures and minimize potential adverse reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

these are CNS depressants that attempt to prevent epileptic seizures without causing excessive drowsiness

A

anticonvulsants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

term given to the congenital abnormality associated with maternal ingestion of phenytoin

A

fetal hydantoin syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

this type of seizure is brief loss of consciousness with characteristics EEG waves and little movement and usually begin in childhood

A

absence (Petit Mal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the causes of epilepsy?

A 
infection
trauma 
genetic or birth influences 
fever 
metabolic or nutritional alterations
neoplasms
hereditary
degenerative diseases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

this type of seizure has long periods of unconsciousness, major motor activity of large muscles of body.. consciousness gradually returns with confusion, headache or drowsiness

A

tonic clinic (grand mal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the H1 agonist effects of histamine?

A

H1-agonist effects:

vasodilation

increased capillary permeability

bronchoconstriction

pain or itching in cutaneous nerve endings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

this is used alone or in combination with phenytoin, and used to treat tonic clonic and partial seizures… sedation is a side effect

A

phenobarbital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

this is the most common barbiturate in the treatment of epilepsy

A

phenobarbital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

this medicine causes sedation and drowsiness, bleeding time may be prolonged and additive CNS depressant effect

A

valproates (Depakote)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

this medicine is used to treat convulsions and also used in dentistry to treat trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)?

A

carbamazepine (Tegretol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the drug of choice for status epilepticus?

Study These Flashcards
A

parenteral benzodiazpeines (valium or diazepam)

22
Q

where do the H1 antagonists competitively block or antagonize histamine effects at?

Study These Flashcards
A

capillary permeability (less tissue edema)

vascular smooth muscle (blocks the dilation of the vascular smooth muscle)

bronchial smooth muscle (bronchodilator)

nerve endings (suppresses pain and itching can produce sedation)

23
Q

this non sedating medicine was recently taken off of the market

Study These Flashcards
A

astemizole (Hismanal)

24
Q

these do not cross the blood brain barrier, therefore no sedation and are usually not expensive

Study These Flashcards
A

peripheral (nonsedating) H1 receptor antagonists

25
what is histamine released from tissues in body by?
normal reactions abnormal reactions administration of certain drugs
26
group of disorders that involve a chronic stereotyped recurrent attack of involuntary behavior or experience or changes in neurological function caused by electrical activity in the brain that can be recorded via EEG
Epilepsy
27
management of gingival enlargement includes:
discontinue phenytoin improve oral hygiene gingivectomy
28
this is excessive hairiness on the trunk or face and is experienced with phenytoin
hirsutism
29
what are H2 blocking agents?
cimetidine (tagamet) used for GI problems zantac, pepcid and axid
30
non sedating, MUST be taken on an empty stomach, inhibited by erythromycin/ketaconazole
astemizole (Hismanal)
31
what seizures are simple and complex?
partial
32
why have deaths been reported when taking valproates?
due to liver failure... hepatic function tests should be performed
33
this type of seizure is when rapid therapy is required
status epilepticus
34
when taking phenytoin, what MUST be monitored?
blood levels of drug
35
occurs naturally in the body, are produced by many tissues and are formed by the tissues on which they act
autacoids
36
what is the drug of choice for a absence seizure?
Ethosuximide or Valporic acid
37
what are the four common histamines?
diphenhydramine (Benadryl) chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton) promethazine (Phenergran) loratidine (Claritin)
38
this was developed to replace seldane, duration is 12 hours and 60 mg 2x a day
fexodenadine (Allegra)
39
this is used to treat motion sickness and also used to treat allergic rhinitis/seasonal hay fever; uricartial attacks (itching)
meclizine (Dramamine)
40
what are the side effects of carbamazepine?
CNS depression and GI tract problems are common side effects
41
what is an epilepsy episode termed as?
seizure
42
this is the most commonly used hydantoin
phenytoin (dilantin)
43
this is lost in both generalized seizures
consciousness
44
this is stored in the mast cell and intestinal mucosa and in the CNS
histamine
45
what is the drug of choice for an anaphylaxis of histamine?
epinephrine parenterally epi dilates bronchioles via B2 receptors
46
this is associated with gingival enlargement in 50% of chronic users and also used to treat trigeminal neuralgia
phenytoin (dilantin)
47
this is the principle agent used in OTC sleep aids (sominex, nytol)
diphenhydramine
48
how does a person act when having a tonic clonic seizure?
the patient becomes rigid and falling to the ground, then jerking begins.. finally, the patient becomes limp and comatose
49
these are agents that are H1 blockers (that prevent or block action of histamine)
antihistamines
50
what are the two major groups of seizures?
partial and generalized
51
this is a non sedating medicine with the duration of 24 hours
loratidine (Claritin)
52
what are the managements of the patient experiencing tonic clonic seizures?
moving patient to the floor tilting patients head to one side to prevent aspiration remove objects from patients mouth vitals 911 if needed

Pharmacology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions