F1 Chia Study Guide Informatics History Flashcards
(129 cards)
1
Q
What organizations united to form a new entity in 2019?
A
Health Informatics Society of Australia (HISA) and Australasian College of Health Informatics (ACHI)
The unification aimed to enhance Australian healthcare through shared strategies and workforce capacity building.
2
Q
When was the Health Informatics Society of Australia (HISA) established?
A
1993
HISA has been active in educating and informing the Australian health sector about health informatics for over 25 years.
3
Q
What year was the Australasian College of Health Informatics (ACHI) formed?
A
2001
ACHI was established with 20 Foundation Fellows and is recognized for its leadership in digital health.
4
Q
What was the primary goal of forming the new organization in 2019?
A
To meet demand for education, training, professional pathways, certification, and leadership development across digital health
This unification also aimed to provide a unified voice from digital health leaders.
5
Q
What significant initiatives did ACHI and HISA collaborate on?
A
- Certified Health Informatician Australia (CHIA)
- ACHI Fellowship by Training program
- National conference HIC
Their collaboration was essential for advancing health informatics in Australia.
6
Q
What is the purpose of the Australasian Health Informatics Fellowship Program (AHIFP)?
A
To prepare individuals for leadership roles in the health informatics workforce
AHIFP was established in 2017 as a training pathway to ACHI Fellowship.
7
Q
How many individuals and organizations were members of HISA?
A
1,500 individuals and organizations
HISA represented a broad range of stakeholders in the health sector.
8
Q
What was HISA’s strategic goal?
A
To build the digital health workforce needed to deliver healthcare in the digital age
This goal reflects the evolving requirements of healthcare delivery.
9
Q
What types of professionals were included in HISA’s membership?
A
- Health informaticians
- Clinicians
- Researchers
- Healthcare managers and executives
- Data analysts
- Designers
- Project managers
- Business analysts
- Technologists and innovators
HISA’s diverse membership illustrates the interdisciplinary nature of health informatics.
10
Q
True or False: ACHI was established before HISA.
A
False
HISA was founded in 1993, while ACHI was established in 2001.
11
Q
What is the relationship between ACHI and HISA?
A
They had a close relationship and worked together on significant initiatives
Their collaboration facilitated advancements in health informatics.
12
Q
Fill in the blank: ACHI held its first meeting at HIC ______.
A
2002
The meeting took place in Melbourne.
13
Q
What is the role of ACHI Fellows and Members?
A
They are national thought leaders, experts, and trusted advisers in digital health
Their expertise contributes to the advancement of health informatics.
14
Q
What organization is HISA a national affiliate of?
A
International Medical Informatics Association
This affiliation connects HISA to a global network of health informatics professionals.
15
Q
What has led to the needs for computer and information technologies in society?
A
The breakthrough of the computer and information technologies
16
Q
What is now considered part of general literacy?
A
Knowledge of information technology
17
Q
What does computer literacy not require?
A
Comprehensive and detailed knowledge of electronics or programming
18
Q
What are the elementary operations of data processing?
A
- Follow-up of data
- Registration
- Reproduction
- Selection
- Sorting
- Comparison
19
Q
How are computers classified?
A
According to purpose, type, and computer size
20
Q
What types of computers serve for general applications?
A
General purpose computers
21
Q
What is medical informatics?
A
A scientific discipline dealing with theory and practice of information processes in medicine
22
Q
What is the primary tool of medical informatics?
A
The computer
23
Q
What is a significant limitation of current network systems in health care?
A
Limited global performance, especially in clinical medicine
24
Q
What future applications are expected in medical informatics?
A
- Telemedicine
- Distance learning
- ICT applications
- Medical robotics
- Genomics
25
What is a common agreement among experts regarding medical informatics education?
It is significant for health care and personnel needs
26
What is one of the challenges in medical informatics education?
Lack of general agreement on teaching programs
27
Fill in the blank: The electronic computer is defined as a machine that can _______.
[store information and process it automatically]
28
What are the main components of a computer?
* Processing units
* Input mechanism
* Storage mechanism
* Output mechanism
29
What is hardware in the context of computers?
The physical components of a computer
30
What term is used for computer programs permanently recorded in hardware memory?
Firmware
31
What characterizes the architecture of a computer?
Main components and software of the computer
32
What term describes the major changes brought about by the computer in society?
Computer revolution
33
What is the first actual calculating mechanism known to us?
The abacus
34
Who began work on an automatic loom that used punched cards?
Joseph Marie Jacquard
35
What was the first device for calculation called?
Mark I
36
What do fourth generation computers utilize?
Very large scale integration (VLSI)
37
What are fifth generation computers designed for?
Artificial intelligence (AI) applications
38
How are computers classified according to purpose?
* General purpose
* Specific purpose
39
What are the two main types of semiconductor memory?
* Read Only Memory (ROM)
* Read-and-write memories
40
What is the definition of medical informatics according to Morris F Collen?
The application of computer technology to all fields of medicine
41
What is the expected outcome of the development of nature languages for computers?
Simplified work through identification of input voice
42
True or False: The majority of data processed by computers is numeric.
False
43
What are the capabilities of programmable computers?
* Data manipulation
* Programming
* User communication
* Decision making
44
What is the definition of medical informatics according to Morris F Collen?
Medical informatics is the application of computer technology to all fields of medicine: medical care, medical teaching, and medical research.
## Footnote
This definition emphasizes the broad application of computers in various medical domains.
45
According to Donald AB Lindberg, what does medical informatics study?
Medical informatics studies biomedical information, data, and knowledge—their storage, retrieval, and optimal use for problem-solving and decision-making.
## Footnote
This highlights the importance of information management in biomedicine.
46
What is the definition of medical informatics as stated by the Association of American Medical Faculties (AAMC)?
Medical informatics is the collection of knowledge and methods for organization and governance of information, which supports medical research, education, and patient care.
## Footnote
This reflects the organizational aspect of medical informatics.
47
What is considered the basic tool of medical informatics?
The computer.
## Footnote
The computer serves as both a subject of study and a means for achieving advancements in health knowledge.
48
List some theoretical disciplines that form the nucleus of medical informatics.
* Information theory
* System theory
* Decision theory
* Communication theory
* Structuring and information organization
* Database formation
* Informational documentation systems
* Classification theory
* Semiotics
* Organizational sciences
* Biostatistics
* Epidemiology
* Health politics
* Medical ethics.
## Footnote
These disciplines collectively support the foundation of medical informatics.
49
What were the main characteristics of the first period of medical informatics development (1955-1965)?
Characterized by experimenting and studying new technologies.
## Footnote
This period laid the groundwork for future developments in medical informatics.
50
Who were the pioneers of medical informatics mentioned in the text?
* Joshua Lederberg
* William S Yamamoto
* Robert S Ledley.
## Footnote
These individuals significantly contributed to the early advancements in the field.
51
What significant project was developed during the first period of medical informatics?
The development of BMDP software (biomedical programs) by Wilfrid J Dixon and collaborators.
## Footnote
This software facilitated the use of computers in biostatistics.
52
What major development in the second period (1965-1975) involved hospital information systems?
Numerous hospital information systems were established in West European countries.
## Footnote
This marked a significant advancement in the automation of healthcare data.
53
What was the significance of the 1979 Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine?
It was awarded for achievements in medical informatics, specifically for computer tomography, to Godfrey N Hounsfield and Allan M Cormack.
## Footnote
This recognition highlighted the importance of computing in medical advancements.
54
What characterized the third period of medical informatics development (1975-1985)?
Intensive development of information systems at all levels of the healthcare system, driven by cheaper computer technology.
## Footnote
This period saw increased engagement from health workers in medical informatics.
55
What was the role of PCs in the development of medical informatics during the third period?
PCs enabled direct connection from home ambulances to healthcare information systems.
## Footnote
This advancement improved access to medical data for healthcare providers.
56
Describe the advancements in hospital information systems during the fourth period (1985-1995).
Hospital information systems became more complex and functional, supporting a greater number of hospital functions through integrated modules.
## Footnote
This integration improved the overall efficiency of healthcare organizations.
57
What technology developments influenced the fifth period of medical informatics (1995-present)?
Significant advancements in microprocessor and telecommunication technologies.
## Footnote
This period reflects a broader application of informatics beyond just electronic computers.
58
What is the future prototype of computing mentioned for the 21st century?
Development of quantum computers (QC).
## Footnote
This technology is expected to advance computing capabilities to new heights.
59
What does the acronym AChE stand for in the context of medical research?
Acetylcholine esterase.
## Footnote
This enzyme plays a crucial role in human physiology and was studied using supercomputers.
60
True or False: The development of medical informatics is solely dependent on the advancement of computer technology.
False.
## Footnote
While computer technology significantly influences the field, medical informatics encompasses a wider range of knowledge and methods.
61
What is the role of enzymes in selecting substances?
The enzyme by its movements selects the special substances or matters in the condensed milieu similar to that in vivid organisms.
62
What software has been developed for ectasia?
Software for ectasia or gray-white mass of the cortical surface using high resolution 3D with data from UCLA.
63
What methods were used to define contours of the cortical surface?
Dynamic programming methods were used for defining a great number of contours of the gray and white mass.
64
What technologies are combined to study memory formation in the human brain?
EEG and IMRI.
65
What is the purpose of the NekTar software?
Modeling the circulation and other body fluids to change surgical practices for diseases like arteriosclerosis.
66
What does the precise model of circulations solve?
Complexity of arteries, veins, valves, waste transport, and body temperature regulation.
67
What is the purpose of the computer models developed by NRCAM?
3D models for physiologic processes in individual cells.
68
What recent studies does the 'virtual cell' focus on?
Dynamics of calcium in neuroblasts and cardiomyositis, including modeling diffusion processes in mitochondria.
69
What are the popular applications of LSN today?
E-mail and WWWG browsers.
70
What has been financed by the federal government in terms of LSN development?
Increased efficacy of network line development technologies and federal network development.
71
What is the purpose of the Frederick Biomedical Supercomputing Center?
To provide better access for biomedical research teams through quick interface connections.
72
What does the National Library of Medicine (NLM) support?
Network connection between hospitals, clinics, and medical institutions for access to medical data.
73
What are the three goals of the NGI initiative?
* Development of the next generation of internet with improved performance
* Development of NGI system for future technologies
* Demonstration of revolutionary technologies in health care and other fields.
74
What is the significance of fMRI in examining brain function?
Enables real-time examination of brain activity during cognitive or sensorimotor tasks.
75
What is expected in the future of medical informatics?
Routine use of computer technology by health professionals with simpler operation methods.
76
What will health care informational systems integrate?
Patient data and medical knowledge with expert systems.
77
What are some prioritized tasks for the integration of health care systems?
* Standards of coding of alphanumeric data
* Integration of medical instruments
* Development of multimedia working stations.
78
What role does education in medical informatics play?
It is essential for a wide circle of health care personnel, especially doctors.
79
What is the IMIA?
International Medical Informatics Association, founded in 1967.
80
What is the EFMI?
European Federation of Medical Informatics, formed in 1976.
81
What kind of programs exist in medical faculties regarding medical informatics?
Teaching programs in medical informatics exist in many faculties, including dentistry and nursing.
82
What is one of the conclusions of the AAMC's education program for doctors?
Medical faculties should establish academic units for leadership in informatics.
83
What does the term 'telemedicine' refer to?
Application of telecommunication technologies for health care delivery.
84
What is the significance of the World Congresses of Medical Informatics (MEDINFO)?
They are organized every three years to discuss advancements in medical informatics.
85
What does SSE stand for in the context of Primary Care Informatics?
Safety, Security, and Ethics
## Footnote
SSE addresses critical considerations in healthcare informatics.
86
What does TRA represent in medical informatics?
Traceability
## Footnote
TRA is important for tracking data and ensuring compliance in medical systems.
87
List the locations where the European congresses of medical informatics (MIE) have been held.
* Cambridge (1978)
* Berlin (1979)
* Oslo (1988)
* Glasgow (1990)
* Vienna (1991)
* Jerusalem (1993)
* Lisbon (1994)
* Copenhagen (1996)
* Thessaloniki (1997)
* Ljubljana (1999)
* Hannover (2000)
* Budapest (2002)
* St Malo (2003)
* Geneva (2005)
* Maastricht (2006)
* Gothenburg (2008)
* Sarajevo (2009)
* Oslo (2011)
* Pisa (2012)
* Istanbul (2014)
## Footnote
These congresses serve as a platform for sharing advancements in medical informatics.
88
True or False: There is a general agreement on the teaching programs for medical informatics.
False
## Footnote
There are numerous controversies regarding the curriculum and timing of medical informatics education.
89
What is the significance of medical informatics in healthcare?
It is significant for the whole healthcare system and the needs for personnel.
## Footnote
Medical informatics plays a crucial role in improving healthcare delivery and efficiency.
90
Fill in the blank: The majority of experts agree that medical informatics knowledge should be transferred in the _______ study years.
later
## Footnote
This is due to the increasing number of students with prior informatics illiteracy.
91
What makes the performance of stable education programs in medical informatics more difficult?
The involvement and propulsive nature of medical informatics.
## Footnote
Rapid advancements in the field create challenges for consistent curriculum development.
92
What is a common issue faced by students enrolling in medical informatics programs?
Prior informatics illiteracy
## Footnote
This lack of foundational knowledge affects their ability to comprehend certain medical informatics fields.
93
Who are the chairs of the MIE 2009 Conference in Sarajevo?
Izet Masic, Klaus Peter Adlassnig, Jacob Hofdijk
## Footnote
Their leadership reflects the collaborative nature of medical informatics conferences.
94
What challenge exists regarding the timing of medical informatics education?
There is no general agreement on which year of studying should transfer the knowledge.
## Footnote
Timing is critical due to students' varying levels of prior knowledge.
95
In what year did the European congress of medical informatics take place in Istanbul?
2014
## Footnote
This congress continues the tradition of gathering professionals in the field.
96
What is the definition of Health Informatics?
Health informatics is a multidisciplinary field that combines health care, information technology, and management practices to optimize the collection, storage, retrieval, and use of information in health and biomedicine.
## Footnote
It encompasses clinical informatics, nursing informatics, imaging informatics, and public health informatics, among others.
97
What are some key benefits of Health Informatics in modern healthcare?
* Improved Patient Care
* Data Accessibility and Sharing
* Enhanced Efficiency
* Cost Savings
* Population Health Management
* Research and Development
* Empowerment of Patients
* Regulatory Compliance and Quality Control
98
Fill in the blank: Health informatics acts as a bridge between healthcare and _______.
[information technology]
99
What was the Ebers Papyrus?
One of the most extensive and best-known medical papyri from ancient Egypt, covering various topics including surgery, diseases, and remedies.
## Footnote
It dates from around 1550 B.C.
100
Who is often referred to as the 'Father of Medicine'?
Hippocrates
101
What does Ayurveda emphasize in health and wellness?
A delicate balance between the body, mind, and spirit.
102
What is the significance of the Huangdi Neijing in Traditional Chinese Medicine?
It introduces fundamental TCM concepts such as Yin-Yang theory, Five Elements, the meridian system, and etiology of diseases.
103
What was Avicenna’s 'The Canon of Medicine'?
A significant work that classified diseases and provided systematic approaches to medicine.
104
True or False: The invention of the printing press revolutionized the dissemination of medical knowledge.
True
105
What were the first Electronic Health Records (EHRs) developed?
Systems like the Computer Stored Ambulatory Record (COSTAR) and the Technicon system.
106
What is HL7?
Health Level Seven International, established to provide a standard for the exchange, integration, sharing, and retrieval of electronic health information.
107
What is the purpose of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)?
To code diseases, conditions, and other health-related issues in a standardized manner.
108
What was a major challenge faced during the early days of health informatics?
Interoperability Issues
109
What does HIPAA stand for?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
110
Fill in the blank: The 21st century has been characterized by rapid technological advancements and the rise of _______.
[Telemedicine]
111
What are Health Information Exchanges (HIEs)?
Systems that facilitate the sharing of health information.
112
What role does predictive analytics play in healthcare?
It identifies potential health risks, forecasts outbreaks, and personalizes treatment plans based on individual genetic and health profiles.
113
What is the significance of Natural Language Processing in EHRs?
It extracts meaningful data from EHRs, transforming unstructured narrative data into structured, usable formats.
114
What are some applications of mobile health applications?
* Track health metrics
* Access medical information
* Communicate with healthcare providers
115
What is predictive analytics in healthcare?
Predictive analytics harnesses health data to identify potential health risks, forecast outbreaks, and personalize treatment plans based on individual genetic and health profiles.
## Footnote
It utilizes vast amounts of health data to make informed predictions.
116
How does Natural Language Processing (NLP) benefit Electronic Health Records (EHRs)?
NLP techniques extract meaningful data from EHRs, transforming unstructured narrative data into structured, usable formats.
## Footnote
This aids in research, clinical decision-making, and efficient patient care.
117
What are Health Information Exchanges (HIEs)?
HIEs are systems that facilitate the sharing of health information across different healthcare systems and providers, ensuring comprehensive health information is available to relevant parties.
## Footnote
They are essential for coordinated care, especially for frequently traveling patients.
118
What are the cybersecurity threats faced by healthcare data?
Data breaches, hacks, and unauthorized access are paramount concerns due to increasing digital storage and transmission of health data.
## Footnote
Cybersecurity measures are continuously updated to protect patient information.
119
What ethical considerations arise from the use of AI in healthcare?
Debates focus on ethics, accountability, and bias in AI decision-making processes. Ensuring AI models are transparent, fair, and reliable is crucial.
## Footnote
The use and sharing of patient data, even in anonymized forms, raises ethical concerns about consent and potential misuse.
120
What is pharmacogenomics?
Pharmacogenomics is the approach of tailoring drug therapies based on an individual’s genetic profile, potentially reducing adverse drug reactions and improving treatment efficacy.
## Footnote
It represents a shift from symptom-based prescriptions to genetically informed treatments.
121
How do wearable technologies and the Internet of Things (IoT) contribute to health informatics?
Wearables provide health monitoring and integrate with analytics for real-time insights, while IoT devices offer continuous data streams for healthcare providers.
## Footnote
Examples include smartwatches and home health devices like glucose monitors.
122
What are the therapeutic applications of Virtual Reality (VR) in healthcare?
VR can be used in pain management, physical rehabilitation, and addressing mental health issues such as PTSD.
## Footnote
It creates controlled environments for patients to confront traumatic memories.
123
How can health informatics address health disparities?
Health informatics can guide public health initiatives by providing data on at-risk populations and facilitating telemedicine to underserved areas.
## Footnote
Culturally-tailored health solutions can ensure inclusivity.
124
What is the significance of data-driven decisions in health informatics?
Health informatics converts vast health data into actionable insights to guide clinical decisions and public health policies.
## Footnote
This ensures evidence-based approaches to health challenges.
125
What challenges does health informatics face regarding ethical considerations?
Challenges include data privacy, ethical AI use, and potential biases in algorithms.
## Footnote
Proactive addressing of these issues is essential for aligning health informatics with patient care standards.
126
What is the role of health informatics in the future of global healthcare?
Health informatics is central to modernization and improvement of healthcare, addressing complex challenges and enhancing accessibility.
## Footnote
It provides tools for data sharing, personalized medicine, and tackling global health threats.
127
Fill in the blank: The integration of genomics and health data promises a future where treatments are tailored to individual _______.
[genetic and health profiles]
128
True or False: Health informatics is a subsidiary field in healthcare.
False
129
What historical transition has health informatics undergone?
Health informatics has transitioned from ancient record-keeping to digital innovations in the 21st century, integrating big data, AI, and genomics.
## Footnote
This journey reflects the evolving relationship between medicine and technology.
