B.1 Information science concepts

Question 1

What does the DIKW model represent?

Answer 1

The structural and/or functional relationships between data, information, knowledge, and wisdom.

Question 2

Who is credited with presenting the DIKW model as a hierarchy?

Answer 2

Russell Ackoff.

Question 3

Complete the quote: ‘An ounce of information is worth a pound of ______.’

Answer 3

data.

Question 4

Define data in the context of the DIKW model.

Answer 4

Representation of facts such as measurements or statistics collected for reference or analysis.

Question 5

Provide an example of data.

Answer 5

A person’s weight in kilograms.

Question 6

Define information in the context of the DIKW model.

Answer 6

Data in context, meaning given to data by its use and interpretation.

Question 7

Provide an example of information.

Answer 7

A person’s weight in kilograms combined with additional data to derive a Body Mass Index (BMI).

Question 8

Define knowledge in the context of the DIKW model.

Answer 8

An understanding about a subject attained via experience or study.

Question 9

Provide an example of knowledge.

Answer 9

Considering BMI from the perspective of its limitations.

Question 10

Define wisdom in the context of the DIKW model.

Answer 10

The ability to use knowledge and other attributes to make good decisions and judgments.

Question 11

Provide an example of wisdom.

Answer 11

A clinician using knowledge about obesity to benefit a patient.

Question 12

What is the role of health informaticians in the DIKW model?

Answer 12

They operate in two domains: information management and knowledge management.

Question 13

What is information management?

Answer 13

The process of collecting, storing, managing, and maintaining information in all its forms.

Question 14

List three tasks involved in information management.

Answer 14

• Identifying and capturing valuable data
• Organizing and transforming data
• Managing resources cost-effectively

Question 15

What is knowledge management?

Answer 15

The process of capturing or creating, distributing, and effectively using knowledge.

Question 16

What is required for the transformation of information into knowledge?

Answer 16

Pattern recognition.

Question 17

True or False: Knowledge addresses ‘how to’ questions while understanding addresses ‘why’.

Answer 17

True.

Question 18

What are the two types of wisdom identified in Western philosophy?

Answer 18

• Theoretical
• Practical

Question 19

What aspects of wisdom do psychological theories commonly identify?

Answer 19

• Interwoven with values and ethics
• Linked to practice and action
• Mixture of cognition and emotion

Question 20

List three characteristics of wisdom from a management perspective.

Answer 20

• Concerned with human life uncertainty
• Dependent on experience
• Ethical

Question 21

What does self-transcendent wisdom include?

Answer 21

Enhancing the well-being of others and awareness of social consequences.

Question 22

What is a unifying quality of wisdom?

Answer 22

Rationality (cognition, reason) and non-rationality (feeling, intuition).

Question 23

Fill in the blank: Wise people acknowledge the emotional component of all ______.

Answer 23

stakeholders.

Question 24

What does self-aware wisdom entail?

Answer 24

Awareness of the limitations of one’s knowledge.