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USLME > FARR Key Associations > Flashcards

FARR Key Associations Flashcards

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1
Q

Actinic (solar) keratosis

A

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

Cushing’s ulcer (t ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

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3
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

Curling’s ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in

sloughing ofgastric mucosa)

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4
Q

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal

colon

A

Skip lesions (Crohn’s disease)

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5
Q

Aneurysm, dissecting

A

Hypertension

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6
Q

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

A

Atherosclerosis

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7
Q

Aortic aneurysm, arch

A

Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

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8
Q

Aortic aneurysm, ascending

A

Marfan’s syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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9
Q

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

A

Wernicke’s encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

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10
Q

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)

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11
Q

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

A

H. pylori

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12
Q

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

Streptococcus pnewnoniae

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13
Q

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

Group B streptococcus (newborns), S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids)

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14
Q

Benign melanocytic nevus

A

Spitz nevus (most common in first two decades)

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15
Q

Bleeding disorder with Gplb deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand’s factor)

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16
Q

Brain tumor (adult)

A

Supratentorial : metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma

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17
Q

Brain tumor (kids)

A

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)

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18
Q

Breast cancer

A

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the U.S., l in 9 women will develop breast cancer)

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19
Q

Breast mass

A

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

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20
Q

Breast tumor (benign)

A

Fibroadenoma

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21
Q

Cardiac lo tumor (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

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22
Q

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)

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23
Q

Cardiac tumor (adults)

A

Metastasis, 1° myxoma (4: l left to right atrium; “ball and valve”)

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24
Q

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia)

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25
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
26
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
27
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
28
Constrictive pericarditis
Tuberculosis (developing world); systemic lupus erythematosus (developed world)
29
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD > RCA > LCA
30
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
31
Cushing's syndrome
* Iatrogenic Cushing's (from corticosteroid therapy) * Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol) * ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma * Paraneoplastic Cushing's (clue to ACTH secretion by tumors)
32
Death in CML
Blast crisis
33
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
34
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, maJor surgery
35
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker's diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
36
Glomeru lonephritis (adults)
Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)
37
Heart murmur, congenital
Mitral valve prolapse
38
Hematoma-epidural
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
39
Hematoma-subdural
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
40
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)
41
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
42
HLA-B27
Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, ulcerative colitis, psonasis
43
HLA-DR3 or -DR4
Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
44
Holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
45
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis)
46
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
47
Infection 2° to blood transfusion
Hepatitis C
48
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase positive)
49
Kidney stones
* Calcium = radiopaque * Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease-positive organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus) * Uric acid = radiolucent
50
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)
Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
51
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher's disease
52
Male cancer
Prostatic carcinoma
53
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin's lymphoma
54
Malignancy (kids)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
55
Mental retardation
Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome
56
Metastases to bone
Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid, testes
57
Metastases to brain
Lung > breast > genitourinary > osteosarcoma > melanoma > GI
58
Metastases to liver
Colon >> stomach, pancreas
59
Mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
60
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
61
Mixed (UM and LMN) motor neuron disease
ALS
62
Myocarditis
Coxsackie B
63
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
64
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease
65
Neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
66
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
67
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
Pnewnocystis jirovecii (formerly carinii) pneumonia
68
Osteomyelitis
S. aureus
69
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
70
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
Pseudomonas, S. aureus
71
Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
72
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Serous cystadenoma
73
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
74
Pancreatitis (acute)
Gallstones, alcohol
75
Pancreatitis (chronic)
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
76
Patient with ALL /CLL /AML /CML
ALL: child, CLL: adult > 60, AML: adult - 65, CML: adult | 30-60
77
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
78
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl)
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
79
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma, somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
80
Primary amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45,XO)
81
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
82
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
83
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
84
Primary liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, a.1 antitrypsin deficiency)
85
Pulmonary hypertension
COPD
86
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis ofsmall/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger's disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
87
Renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Linclau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
88
Right heart failure clue to a pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
89
S3 (protocliastolic gallop)
increased ventricular filling (left to right shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])
90
S4 (presystolic gallop)
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive | cardiomyopathy)
91
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
92
Sexually transmitted disease
Chlamydia (usually coinfectecl with gonorrhea)
93
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
94
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
95
Sites ofatherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery.
96
Stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma
97
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma ofduodenum or | pancreas)
98
t(l4;l8)
Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
99
t(8;14)
Burkitt'slymphoma(c-myc activation)
100
t(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)
101
Temporal arteritis
Risk ofipsilateral blindness clue to thrombosis ofophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
102
Testicular tumor
Seminoma
103
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
104
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
105
Tumor of infancy
Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
106
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
107
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
108
Type of Hodgkin's
Nodular sclerosis (vs. m ixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
109
Type of non-Hodgkin's
Diffuse large cell
110
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-l
111
Vitamin deficiency (U.S.)
Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)

USLME (41 decks)

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