Final Questions that suck

Question 1

Deficiency in which vitamin can produce convulsions in infants (occurred from infant
formula that was over sterilized):
a) cobalamin
b) cholecalciferol
c) tocopherol
d) niacin
e) pyridoxal

Answer 1

E

Question 2

3) Flavin adenine dinucleotide is the co-substrate made from which vitamin?
a) Vitamin B1
b) Vitamin B2
c) Vitamin B6
d) niacin
e) none of the above

Answer 2

B

Question 3

4) Nicotinamide is derived from which vitamin or compound?
a) Vitamin B1
b) Vitamin B2
c) Vitamin B6
d) tryptophan
e) none of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

5) Phosphate is a component of the cofactor or co-substrate made from which vitamin(s):
a) Vitamin B1
b) Vitamin B6
c) niacin
d) b & c
e) all of the above

Answer 4

E

Question 5

9) Beriberi is caused by a lack of:
a) Vitamin B1
b) Vitamin B2
c) Vitamin B12
d) Vitamin C
e) Vitamin D

Answer 5

A

Question 6

10) Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and serotonin agonists are used as diet medications because
they:
a) suppress appetite
b) enhance satiety
c) inhibit fat absorption
d) protect heart valves
e) a, b & c

Answer 6

A

Question 7

11) The liver is involved in:
a) conversion of provitamin D to D3
b) addition of two hydroxy groups to D3
c) addition of a hydroxy group to calcidiol to produce the active calcitriol
d) all of the above
e) none of the above

Answer 7

E

Question 8

12) The protein that is released during infection to reduce blood iron levels is:
a) hemosiderin
b) hepcidin
c) ferroportin
d) ferritin
e) none of the above

Answer 8

B

Question 9

13) Which reactive center of a vitamin is directly involved in transamination reactions?
a) pyrimidine ring
b) thiazole ring
c) pteridine ring
d) modified purine ring
e) aldehyde group

Answer 9

E

Question 10

15) The structure above
a) forms a Schiff base in transamination reactions
b) is involved primarily in kinase reactions
c) is primary co-substrate for transamination reactions
d) is primary co-substrate for redox reactions specifically to neutralize free radicals
e) is primary co-substrate for redox reactions & been used to treat atherosclerosis

Answer 10

E

Question 11

17) Absorption of light by rhodopsin produces which transformation:
a) cis-retinol -> trans-retinol
b) trans-retinol -> cis-retinol
c) cis-retinal -> trans-retinal
d) trans-retinal -> cis-retinal
e) retinal -> retinoic acid

Answer 11

C

Question 12

21) Which vitamin is found in high levels in the eyes & helps protect eyes from free radicals:
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B1
c) Vitamin C
d) Vitamin D
e) none of the above

Answer 12

C

Question 13

22) Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is found in:
a) Vitamin B12
b) Folic acid
c) TPP
d) FADH2
e) none of the above

Answer 13

B

Question 14

23) Potassium
a) is found at higher levels inside the cell than outside
b) is typically found at high levels in processed food
c) is the major ion used for cotransport of nutrients into cells
d) is an important component of hydroxyapetite
e) none of the above

Answer 14

A

Question 15

24) Recommended daily intake of Ca for 9-18 yr olds is
a) 0.5 gm
b) 1.0 gm
c) 1.2-1.3 gm
d) 1.5 gm
e) 2.5 gm

Answer 15

C

Question 16

26) High intake of what increases risk of osteoporosis
a) alcohol
b) sodium
c) caffeine
d) cigarette smoke
e) all of the above

Answer 16

E

Question 17

27) Intake of ________ has an upper limit of 350 mg/d as supplement but not from food:
a) sodium
b) phosphorus
c) magnesium
d) manganese
e) iron

Answer 17

C

Question 18

33) Increased mobilization (release) of Ca from the bones occurs in response to:
a) decrease in parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels
b) increase in calcitonin levels
c) increase in Vitamin E levels
d) a & b
e) none of the above

Answer 18

E

Question 19

35) Which groups are most at risk from a diet high in salt (sodium):
a) people with chronic kidney disease
b) diabetics
c) people

Answer 19

D

Question 20

36) Airway spasms and loss of blood pressure after consumption of sulfites (e.g. in wine) is an
example of:
a) food intolerance
b) food allergy
c) anaphylaxis
d) celiac disease
e) none of the above

Answer 20

A

Question 21

37) Vitamin C stimulates iron absorption by
a) by reducing Fe3+
b) by inactivating phytic acid
c) by activating iron transport proteins
d) by facilitating heme iron uptake
e) all of the above

Answer 21

A

Question 22

38) By which mechanism does the body reduce iron load:
a) blocking hemosiderin production
b) decreasing levels of ferritin
c) decreasing the activity of ferroportin
d) loss of epithelial cells from the lining of the GI track
e) c & d

Answer 22

E

Question 23

39) Thyroxine contains which mineral in its structure:
a) iron
b) calcium
c) magnesium
d) cobalt
e) none of the above

Answer 23

E

Question 24

41) Folic acid is essential for
a) conversion of homocysteine to methionine
b) proper spine development in the developing fetus
c) synthesis of dTMP for DNA synthesis
d) b & c
e) all of the above

Answer 24

E

Question 25

43) Transport of heme iron into the absorptive cells of the duodenum is done by: a) hemosiderin b) ferritin c) DMT1 d) membrane iron binding protein e) none of the above

Answer 25

E

Question 26

44) Zinc is needed for: a) proper taste function b) binding of certain cold viruses to their receptors c) proper sexual maturation d) a & c e) all of the above

Answer 26

D

Question 27

45) Zinc absorption is best described as: a) inhibited by high Ca b) inhibited by high iron c) stimulated by phytic acid d) inhibited by factors in leavened bread e) all of the above

Answer 27

A

Question 28

48) A person who is morbidly obese has a BMI of: a) 30-35 b) 35-40 c) 40-50 d) >50 e) none of the above

Answer 28

C

Question 29

55) Which of the following minerals is needed by superoxide dismutase: a) calcium b) cobalt c) magnesium d) zinc e) none of the above

Answer 29

D

Question 30

56) Basal metabolism: a) increases with age b) increases with energy intake c) is not affected by age or energy intake d) a & b e) none of the above

Answer 30

E

Question 31

58) Decrease in hydroxyproline levels is directly associated with which disease: a) beriberi b) scurvy c) spina bifida d) anemia e) PKU

Answer 31

B

Question 32

60) Currently, the percent of Americans with diabetes is: a) ~5% and climbing b) ~8% and has stabilized c) >25% and climbing d) >25% and has stabilized e) none of the above

Answer 32

E sucks

Question 33

63) The level of TPP in the blood of diabetics compared to non-diabetics is: a) similar to non-diabetics b) higher in diabetics c) lower in diabetics d) zero e) depends on tryptophan levels

Answer 33

C

Question 34

64) Someone with fasting glucose

Answer 34

D

Question 35

66) Impaired fasting glycemia and impaired glucose tolerance: a) are biomarkers for obesity b) are distinguished by the A1C test c) measure amount of insulin present in blood at the time of testing d) measure amount of insulin in blood averaged over several months e) none of the above

Answer 35

E

Question 36

68) Ethnicity affects diabetes risk as follows (especially pertains to teenage Americans): a) native Americans have the highest risk while Caucasians have the lowest b) native Americans have the lowest risk c) Caucasians have the highest risk d) African Americans have the highest risk e) ethnicity does not affect diabetes risk

Answer 36

A

Question 37

69) What component of hydroxyapetite do people usually do not get enough of in their diet: a) magnesium b) calcium c) phosphorus d) potassium e) none of the above

Answer 37

B

Question 38

70) Loss of insulin production by the pancreas: a) occurs in both type 1 and type 2 diabetics b) is a consequence of high sugar and meat intake by type 1 diabetics c) is found in the early stages of type 2 diabetes d) can be reversed by non-insulin drug treatment in type 1 diabetics e) none of the above

Answer 38

A or D

Question 39

74) Which vitamin supplement was found to increase risk of lung cancer in smokers: a) retinol b) β-carotene c) cholecalciferol d) tocopherol e) none of the above

Answer 39

B

Question 40

77) The two minerals found in greatest abundance in the body are: a) potassium & phosphorus b) potassium & calcium c) phosphorus & calcium d) calcium & magnesium e) calcium & iron

Answer 40

C

Question 41

79) Undesired side effects of type II diet medications (e.g. Orlistat) include: a) damaged heart valve b) inhibition of GI lipases c) reduced fat soluble vitamin uptake d) increased anxiety e) projectile vomiting

Answer 41

C

Question 42

``` 83) Removing the satiety center of hypothalamus would have a similar effect on weight gain as enhancing synthesis of: a) ghrelin b) obestatin c) estrogen d) parathyroid hormone e) calcitonin ```

Answer 42

A

Question 43

86) Studies of specific diets based your blood type have shown that these diets: a) improve biomarkers associated with CVD risk for all blood types b) improve biomarkers associated with CVD risk only if you have type A blood c) improve biomarkers associated with CVD risk only if you have type O blood d) improve biomarkers if you eat a plant-based diet independent of blood type e) none of the above

Answer 43

D

Question 44

89) Lactose intolerance: a) can result from viral gastroenteritis b) arose as independent mutations thousands of years ago c) is common in people of Asian and African-American descent d) a & c e) all of the above

Answer 44

D

Question 45

92) In mice, the wildtype Obesity (Ob) gene: a) encodes the peptide hormone obestatin b) encodes a peptide hormone made in adipocytes c) encodes a peptide hormone made in the GI track d) induces weight gain e) a & c

Answer 45

B

Question 46

93) Which teratogen/neurotoxin was found unexpectedly in high levels in a Berkeley family: a) lead b) BPA c) PBDE d) pthalate e) PFOA

Answer 46

C

Question 47

``` 94) Which of the following is a potent neurotoxin, which has declined dramatically in people’s blood over the past 40 years: a) lead b) BPA c) PBDE d) pthalate e) none of the above ```

Answer 47

A

Question 48

96) The Costa Rican study of coffee drinkers showed that a) mutations in a cytochrome P450 gene can affect risk of heart attacks from coffee b) slow metabolizers of caffeine had an increased risk of heart attack from coffee c) fast metabolizers of caffeine had an increased risk of heart attack from coffee d) a & b e) none of the above

Answer 48

D