Fitness Development and Changes Across the Lifespan

Question 1

What are the two dimensions of fitness?

Answer 1

-Health related
-Motor

Question 2

Health related fitness is defined as what?

Answer 2

The ability to perform daily activities w/ vigor

Question 3

Is physical fitness multidimensional?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

What are the health-related fitness components?

Answer 4

-Cardiorespiratory endurance
-Muscle strength
-Muscle endurance
-Flexibility
-Body composition

Question 5

Fetal HR is heard at how many wks. gestation and what does that indicate?

Answer 5

8 wks. gestation (indicates a functioning cardiopulmonary system)

Question 6

When is the pulmonary system “ready?”

Answer 6

28-32 wks. gestation

Question 7

True/False: The pulmonary system is functional w/ the first postnatal breath

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Heart rate - Birth

Answer 8

130-140 bpm

Question 9

Heart rate - Child

Answer 9

80-120 bpm

Question 10

Heart rate - Adult

Answer 10

60-100 bpm

Question 11

True/False: The stroke volume in children is high

Answer 11

False (the size of the heart is smaller)

Question 12

True/False: The cardiac output in children is low

Answer 12

True (takes into account stroke volume; amount of blood pumped out of heart)

Question 13

Max stroke volume is achieved during what percentage of work/aerobic power?

Answer 13

40-60%

Question 14

Does stroke volume decrease w/ age?

Answer 14

Yes (can increase w/ regular aerobic activity)

Question 15

The newborn chest is mainly composed of what?

Answer 15

Cartilage (decreases thoracic stability)

Question 16

Adult stability (relative to cardiopulmonary system) is provided by what?

Answer 16

The ribs

Question 17

True/False: The diameter of the infant airway is narrow

Answer 17

True (increased work w/ breaking; more resistance to air flow)

Question 18

What part of the cardiopulmonary system is positioned higher and allows more ease of breathing in an infant?

Answer 18

The larynx

Question 19

Exercise testing is contraindicated in children under what age?

Answer 19

Under 3 yrs.

Question 20

True/False: Children over 6 yrs. can do “adult” exercise testing

Answer 20

True (3-6 can do submax treadmill and stair climb)

Question 21

What exercise tests measure muscular endurance?

Answer 21

-Push up test
-Curl up test

Question 22

What exercise test measure flexibility?

Answer 22

Sit and reach test

Question 23

Children should get how many minutes of physical activity per day?

Answer 23

60 min. (moderate or vigorous aerobic intensity)

Question 24

How many days/week should children have vigorous intensity physical activity?

Answer 24

3 days/week

Question 25

What should be limited in children relative to physical activity?

Answer 25

Periods of inactivity

Question 26

What rep range should children stay in when strength training?

Answer 26

10-15 reps (using no or light weight; 50-70% 1RM)

Question 27

What should be emphasized when children engage in strength training?

Answer 27

Full ROM (no ballistic movements)

Question 28

What is the general recommendation for prepubescent children (strength training)?

Answer 28

Don't engage in weightlifting or body building

Question 29

How many days/week should adolescents engage in weight training?

Answer 29

3 days/week

Question 30

True/False: Strengthening slows rate of decline w/ aging

Answer 30

True

Question 31

What type of contractions tend to be affected by aging more?

Answer 31

Concentric contractions

Question 32

What type of training appears to be more beneficial in adults?

Answer 32

Power training