Flashcards - Pharm
(98 cards)
1
Q
Cyclophosphamide
A
bioactivated DNA purine alkyating agent at Nitrogen-7 - solid tumors, leukemia, lymphomas - Associated with intersticial cystitis –> Mesna
2
Q
ABVD for Hodgkins Lymphoma
A
Adriamycin (doxorubicin), Bleomycin, Vinblastin, Dacarbazine
3
Q
Mesna
A
Free thiol, reduces toxicity of cyclophoshamide metabolism, protects bladder
4
Q
Amifostine
A
thio-based free radical scavenging agent, protects against platinum containing agents (cisplatin)
5
Q
Digoxin
A
Na-K ATPase inhibitor - increased intracellular Na+, decreased Na/Ca exchanger, increased intracellular Ca2+
6
Q
Vasopressin V2 receptor
A
Gs - Stimulates adenylyl cyclase
7
Q
Heparin overdose
A
Protamine sulfate
8
Q
Leukovorin/folinic acid
A
mitigates myelosuppression from methrotrexate - “leucovorin rescue”
9
Q
reversing tPA
A
aminocaproic acid
10
Q
Abciximab
A
binds to glycoprotein recepptor IIb/IIIa on activated platelets, preventing aggregation
11
Q
Cladribine
A
purine analog - inhibits adenosine deanimase, DNA strand breaks - hairy cell leukemia
12
Q
Probenecid
A
for gout - Inhibits reabsorption of uric acid
13
Q
Cochicine
A
for gout - depolymerizes microtubules - GI upset
14
Q
Ketoconazole
A
blocks formation of fungal membrane - tinea corporis - has endocrine effect
15
Q
Fluconazole
A
Candida, Cryptococcus neoformans
16
Q
Itraconazole
A
aspergillosis, candidiasis, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis
17
Q
Penicillamine
A
copper chelator - Wilsons disease - also can use trientine
18
Q
Dimercaprol
A
arsenic, mercury, gold, lead, antimony
19
Q
EDTA
A
lead poisoning
20
Q
Deferoxamine
A
iron overload
21
Q
sodium thiosulfate
A
cyanide poisoning
22
Q
amyl nitrate
A
induces methoglobinemia - Hb has greater affinity for cyanide
23
Q
fomepizole
A
ethylene glycol/methanol poisoning
24
Q
phentolamine
A
alpha receptor blocker - can counteract epinephrine, cocaine
25
Methotrexate
irreversibly inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) - decreased dTMP, DNA synthesis
26
Adenosine
prolongs Phase 4 of pacemaker cell, activates K+ channels, inhibits L-type Ca2+ channels
27
phenoxybenzamine
irreversible alpha1, alpha2 blocker - used before pheochromocytoma removal
28
ezetamibe
inhibits cholesterol absorption at brush border
29
milrinone
increases inotropy - phosphoesterase 3 inhibitor - increases cAMP - can cause hypotension
30
glitazone/thiazolidinediones
pioglitazone, rosiglitazone - insuilin sensitivity from PPAR-gamma transcription factor binding - hepatotoxicity, heart failure, fractures, weight gain, edema
31
GLP-1 analog
increases insulin, decreases glucagon - nausea/vomiting/pancreatitis - exenatide, liraglutide
32
DPP-4 inhibitors
increases insulin, decreases glucagon - mild URI/UTIs - linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin
33
amylin analogs
decreases gastric emptying and glucagon - nausea/diarrhea
34
SGLT-2 inhibitor
blocks glucose reabsorption in PCT - UTIs, yeast infections - canagliflozin
35
misoprostol
PGE analog, abortifascient
36
Beta-blocker overdose
Glucagon
37
metformin adverse effects
can cause lactic acidosis, GI upset
38
doxorubicin
inhibits topoisomerase II resealing - solid tumors, leukemias, lymphomas - dilated cardiomyopathy
39
Thazides
hyperGLUC (glycemia, lipidemia, uricemia, calcemia)
40
bismuth/sulcralfate
binds to ulcer base, allows HCO3 secretion to reestablish pH gradient
41
CYP450 Inducers (5)
Guiness, Coronas, and PBRS = Chronic alcoholism: Griseofulvan, Carbamezapine, Phenytoin, Barbiturates, Rifampin, St. Johns Wart, Chronic alcoholism
42
CYP450 Inhibitors (7)
CRACKAMIGOS: Cimetidine, Ritonavir, Amiodarone, Cipro, Ketoconazole, Acute alcohol use, Macrolides, Isoniazid, Grapefruit juice, Omeprazole, Sulfas
43
-mab
monoclonal antibody
44
-cept
receptor molecule
45
-nib
kinase inhibitor
46
neutropenia causing drugs
carbemazepine, methimazole/PTU, clozapine, ticlopidine
47
theophylline
methylxanthine, relaxes smooth muscle, - COPD
48
caspofungin
inhibits glucan synthesis for fungal cell wall
49
ethambutol
inhibits arabinosyl tranfersase/carbohydrate polymerization - can cause optic neuritis
50
butorphanol
kappa agonist, mu partial agonist - analgesia - can cause withdrawal
51
lamotrigine
blocks voltage-gated Na channels - epilepsy - can cause SJS, must be titrated slowly
52
status epilepticus treatment
benzos, phenytoin
53
topiramate
blocks Na, increases GABA - simpe, complex, tonic-clonic seizures
54
short acting benzos
triazolam, alprazolam, oxazepam, midazolam
55
ester anesthetic
procaine, cocaine, tetracaine
56
amides anesthesic
(double i) lidocaine, mepivacaine, bupivivaine
57
local anesthetic blockade order
small myelinated > small unmyelinated > large myelinated > large unmyelinated - pain > temperature > touch > pressure
58
succinylcholine
depolarizing ACh receptor agonist - paralytic - Phase I (prolonged depol - block potentiated by AChE inhibitors); Phase II (repolarized but blocked - antidote = AChE inhibtors) - can cause hyperK
59
cyclobenzaprine
similar to TCAs - skeletal muscle relaxant, spasms
60
Selegiline
inhibits MAO-B - decreases dopamine metabolism - parkinsons
61
amphotericin B
binds to ergosterol in fungal cell membrane - nephrotoxic
62
griseofulvin
inhibits fungal microtubules/mitosis
63
sulfasalazine
combination of sulfapyridine and 5-aminosalicylic acid - UC/CD - can cause sulfonamide toxicity, oligospermia
64
odansetron
5-HT3 antagonist - decreased vagal stimulation - antiemetic - QT interval prolongation
65
rifampin
inhibits DNA-dependent RNA-synthesis - TB
66
leuprolide
GnRH analog - pulse for infertility, continous for axis shutdown
67
anastrozole/exemestane
aromatase inhibitor - ER+ breast Ca
68
mifepristone
RU-486 - competitive inhibitor of progestins
69
terbutaline, ritodrine
B2 agonists to relax uterus
70
danazol
partial agnost of androgen/estrogen reeceptor
71
metyrapone
11-b-hydroxylase inhibitor - tests HPA function (normal = increase in ACTH)
72
zileuton
5-lipooxygenase pathway inhibitor - prevents arachidonic acid to leukotrienes - hepatotoxic
73
DRESS drugs
phenobarbital, carbamazepine, phenytoin, lamotrigine, minocycline, sulfonamides, allopurinol
74
canagliflozin
SGLT2 inhibitor of PCT - T2DM - glucosuria, UTIs, yeast infection
75
sulfonylureas
chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide
76
demeclocycline
ADH antagonist - for SIADH treatment - nephrogenic DI, photosensitivity, abnormalities of bone/teeth
77
cincalcet
sensitizes Ca2+ receptor to Ca --> decreases PTH - for use in hypercalcemia due to hyperPTH
78
succimer
lead chelator used in children
79
Azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine
purine analog - decreases de novo purine synthesis - activated by HGPRT - immunosuppressant
80
5-flourouracil
bioactivated to 5F-dUMP - inhibits folate, dna synthesis - colon, pancreatic, basal cell cancer - myelosuppresion (not reversible with leucovorin)
81
bleomycin
DNA stand breaks - testicular cancer, hodgkin lymphoma - can cause pulmonary fibrosis, hyperpigmentation
82
dactinomycin (actinomycin D)
DNA intercalator - wilms tumor, ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma
83
nitrosoureas (carmustine, lomustine, semustine, stretozocin)
bioactivated DNA crosslinker - brain tumors - DNA toxicity (convulsions, ataxia)
84
cisplatin
DNA crosslinker - testicular, bladder, ovary and lung cancers - oto and nepro toxic (abated with amifostine)
85
busulfan
DNA crosslinker - CML - can cause pulmonary fibrosis
86
etoposide, teniposide
inhibits topoisomerase II - DNA breaks - solid tumors, leukemias, lymphomas - GI upset, alopecia
87
irinotecan, topotecan
inhibits topoisomerase I - prevents DNA unwinding - CRC (irino), ovarian and small cell lung (topotecan) - diarrhea
88
bevacizumab
VEGF monoclonal antibody - solid tumors - hemorrhage
89
erlotibib
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor - non small cell lung cancer - rash
90
imatinib
tyrosine kinase inhibitor of BCR-ABL
91
vemurafenib
inhibitor of BRAF ongogene - metastatic melanoma
92
trastuzumab
HER-2 monoclonal antibody - cardiotoxic
93
indinavir
protease inhibitor - HIV
94
hyperkalemia drugs
nonselective b-blockers, ACE, ARBs, spirinolactone, digitalis, cyclosporine, heparin, NSAIDs, succinylcholine
95
azoles
inhibit the enzyme lanosterol 14 α-demethylase, preventing conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol
96
red man syndrome
nonIgE mast cell degranulation - vancomycin
97
cyclosporine
inhibits NFAT - immunosuppresant - gingival hyperplasia, hyperkalemia, neuropathy
98
Drugs that lower seizure threshold
bupropion, clozapine, isoniazid w/o pyroxidine, ciprofloxacin, imipenem
