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Flashcards - MSK

1
Q

Rheumatoid Factor

A

IgM against Fc of IgG

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2
Q

Reiter Syndrome Triad

A

arthritis, urethritis, conjunctivitis

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3
Q

Dermatomyositis antibodies

A

ANA, anti-Jo-1

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4
Q

Paget Disease - Ca, Phos, Alk Phos labs

A

osteoclast dysfunction - normal calcium, normal phosphate, elevated alk phos

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5
Q

Erb-Duchenne/Waiter’s tip

A

upper trunk - C5-C6

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6
Q

Klumpke Palsy/Claw Hand

A

lower trunk - C8-T1

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7
Q

Winged Scapula

A

Long thoracic nerve C5-C7

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8
Q

Damage to Axillary (C5-C6) nerve causes

A

humeral neck fracture, anterior shoulder dislocation - loss of arm abduction > 15 degrees, loss of sensation over deltoid and lateral arm

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9
Q

Gout crystal

A

monosodium urate - negative birefringence needle shaped

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10
Q

Pseudogout crystal

A

Chondrocalcinosis - Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate - weak positive birefringence rhombus-shaped

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11
Q

collagen type I

A

bone, tendon - osteogenesis imperfecta

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12
Q

collagen type II

A

hyaline cartwoledge

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13
Q

collagen type III

A

rethreecular - ehlers-danlos

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14
Q

collagen type IV

A

four to the floor - basement membrane - allports, goodpastures

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15
Q

osteopetrosis

A

poor osteoclast function - thick weak bones, thrombocytopenia - may benefit from bone marrow transplant

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16
Q

Rickets/osteomalacia

A

defect in mineralization of ostoid from decreased Vit D

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17
Q

Paget’s treatment

A

calcitonin, bisphosphonate

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18
Q

Gardner syndrome

A

osteoma with FAP

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19
Q

overexpression of MHC I on sarcolemma with CD8 infiltration

A

polymyositis

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20
Q

polymyositis pathogenesis

A

muscle autoantigens taken up by macs, presented to CD4+ –> IFN-gamma –> IL-1, TNF-alpha

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21
Q

tumor with cartilage cap, continuous with bone marrow

A

osteochondroma

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22
Q

osteosarcoma

A

osteoblasts, metaphysis of long bones, “sunburst”

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23
Q

osteomyelitis bone type

A

metaphysis

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24
Q

ewing sarcoma

A

t(11:22), “onion skin” - inside medullar cavity, layering of new bone - diaphysis

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25
osteolytic punched out lesions
metastatic prostate cancer
26
small round blue cells resembling lymphocytes
ewing sarcoma
27
PRPP synthetase mutation
increased uric acid from purine metabolism - predisposes to gout
28
guyon's canal
site of ulnar nerve injury - near hook of hamate and pisiform
29
Lupus inducing drugs
hydralazine, procainamide - acetylated in liver, slow-acetylators are more predisposed
30
collagen synthesis
pre-pro-alpha-chains cleaved --> pro-alpha chains --> Vit C dependent hydroxylation of proline/lysine --> glycosylation of galactose/glucose to lysine --> procollagen triple helix --> excreted out of RER/cell --> terminal propeptides cleaved by N/C procollagen peptidases --> tropocollagen --> collagen spontaneously assembles --> covalent crosslinks formed by lysyl oxidase
31
osteoclast lineage
monocytes
32
RANK/ligand
interaction of RANK and ligand result in development of mature multinucleated osteoclasts. osteoprotegerin reduces this interaction - stimulated by PTH and MCSF
33
perimysial inflammation (CD4+),w/ perifasicular atrophy
dermatomyositis
34
deoxypyridinoline
measure of osteoclast activity, hydroxyproline is less reliable
35
pyrophosphate
component of hydroxyapatite - bisphosphanates are analogues
36
humeral head fracture/anterior dislocation of humerus nerve
axillary nerve (C5-C6)
37
midshaft fracture of humerus nerve
radial nerve (C5-T1) + deep brachial artery - wrist drop, loss of sensation over posterior arm/forearm and dorsal hand
38
supracondylar fracture of humerus nerve
median nerve (C5-T1) - ape/pope hand (while making fist) - loss of wrist flexion, thumb opposition, lumbricles, sensation over thenar eminence
39
radial head subluxation nerve
deep radial nerve - annular ligament
40
medial epicondyle facture of humerus nerve
ulnar (C8-T1)
41
fibular fracture nerve
common peroneal nerve (decreased dorsiflexion, eversion and sensation over dorsum of foot)
42
bisphosphonate
induces osteoclasts to undergo apoptosis
43
femoral head fracture
medial femoral circumflex artery --> avascular necrosis
44
foot drop
common peroneal/fibular nerve palsy
45
femoral nerve palsy
pelvic fracture/ilopsoas mass - decreased flexion of thigh/extension of leg, sensation over anterior thigh down to medial calf
46
tibial nerve palsy
trauma to knee - decreased foot inversion, plantar flexion, sensation over sole of foot
47
popliteal fossa artery/nerve
tibial nerve/popliteal artery
48
posterior to medial malleolus nerve/artery
tibial/posterior tibial
49
An Interesting Zoo Must Have Mammals
Actin in I-band attaches Z-line, Myosin in H-band attaches M-line
50
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
defect in superoxide dismutase
51
wrist bones
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium. (So Long To Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb).
52
medial epicondylitis
golfers elbow
53
musculocutaneous palsy
C5-C7 - loss of forearm flexion, supination, sensation over lateral forearm
54
osteitis fibrosa cystica
due to hyperparathyroid - primary - "brown tumors", idiopathic secondary - compensation for ESRD
55
codman triangle or sunburst
elevation of periosteum - osteosarcoma (metaphysis) - retinoblastoma, Li Fraumeni, Pagets
56
giant cell tumor
epiphyseal - osteoclastoma - soap bubble on x-ray, multinucleated giant cells
57
pencil in cup, dactylitis
psoriatic arthritis - <1/3 of patients with psoriasis
58
polymyalgia rheumatica
associated with temporal arteritis
59
Epidermis layers
``` Come, Let’s Get Sun Burned - stratum Corneum stratum Lucidum stratum Granulosum stratum Spinosum stratum Basale ```
60
parakeratosis
hyperkeratosis with retention of nuclei in corneum - psoriasis
61
spongiosis
epidermal accumulation of edematous fluid in intercellular space - eczema
62
acantholysis
separation of epidermal cells - pemphigus vulgaris
63
Auspitz sign
pinpoint bleeding from psoriatic scale removal due to dermal papillae
64
Erysipelas
well demarcated upperdermis + superficial lymphatic infection, usually from S pyogenes.
65
ABCDE of melanoma
asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter >6mm, evolution
66
keratoacanthoma
well differentiated SCC, regresses spontaneously, cup shaped tumor
67
lichen planus
reticular white lines - associated with HCV
68
myotonic dystrophy
abnormally slow relaxation of muscles - frontal balding and gonadal atrophy

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