foundations of nursing Flashcards
what does the healthcare system incorporate
- interactions between health care providers and clients within the constraints of financing mechanisms and regulatory agencies
what does the healthcare system include
- clients who participate
- settings in which health care takes place
- agencies that regulate healthcare
mechanisms that provide support
what is the challenge of nursing today
retain is caring values while practicing within a cost- containment structure
participants
consumers (clients)
providers
licensed providers
registered nurses licensed practical nurses advanced practice nurses medical doctors pharmacist, dentist, dieticants, physical therapist, respiratory therapist, occupational therapist
unlicenses providers
cna
pct
hvc
regulatory agencies
- us department of health and human services
- fda
- state and local agencies
- licensing boards
- joint commission
medicare
clients greater than 65 years of age/ permanent disabilities
part A: hospital insurance
part B: medical insurance
part C: medicare advantage plan
part D: medications
medicaid
low incomes
- federally and state funded
- individual states determine eligibility requirements
affordable care act 2010
- increasing access to helth care for all individuals mandate for health insurance
- decreasing health care costs
- providing opportunities for uninsured to become insured at an affordable cost
- state children health insurance program: coverage for uninsured children up to age 19
private plans
traditional insurnace reimburses for services on a free for service basis
private plans: managed care orgaizations
-primary care providers oversee comprehensive care for enrolled clients and focus on prevention and health promotion
private plans: preferred provider organization
Clients choose from a list of contracted providers and hospitals. Using non‑contracted providers increases the out‑of‑pocket costs.
private plans: exclusive providers organizations
Clients choose from a list of providers and hospitals within a contracted organization with no
private plans: long - term care insurance
Used as a supplement for long‑term care expenses. Medicare does not cover
preventive
health care focuses on educating and equipping clients to reduce and control risk factor for disease
examples:
- immunization
- stress management
- occupational health programs
- seat belt use
primary
health care emphasizs health promotion and includes:
- prenatal and well-baby care
- family planning
- nutrition counseling
- disease control
what is primary care a sustained partnership between what
clients and providers
examples:
- office or clinic visits
- community health centers
- scheduled school- or work- centered screenings (vision, hearing, obesity)
secondary
health care included the diagnosis and treatment of acute illness and injury
example:
- care in hospital settings (inpatient and emergency departments)
- diagnostic centers
- emergent care centers
tertiary
involves the provision of specialized and highly technical care
examples:
- intensive care
- oncology centers
- burn centers
restorative
health care involves intermediate follow-up care for restoring health and promoting self-care
examples:
- home health care
- rehabilitation centers
- skilled nursing facilities
continuing
health care addresses long-term or chronic health care needs over the period of time
examples:
- end of life care
- palliative care
- hospice
- adult daycare
- assisted living
- in-home respite care
levels of care: people
level of care depends on the needs of the client. licensed and unlicensed health care personnel work in every level of care
levels of care: setting
settings for secondary and tertiary care are usually within a hospital or specific facility. settings for other levels of care very
