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Continuing Studies > FR: Bordeaux Left Bank > Flashcards

FR: Bordeaux Left Bank Flashcards

1
Q

Bordeaux Haut-Benauge AOP

A

Entre-deux-Mers AOP
Blanc with 5 - 60 gl RS

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2
Q

Rosé in Bordeaux

A

Bordeaux AC or Cremant de Bordeaux only
*only 2-3% of total production is rosé/clairet - usually saignee

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3
Q

Bordeaux’s Rivers

A

Garonne = Left Bank
Dordogne = Right Bank
*both flow into Gironde Estuary

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4
Q

Bordeaux climate

A

MARITIME - moderated by Atlantic Gulf Stream current
No dry season - rain dispersed throughout year. July and August typically are driest months
*mild but unpredictable
*35.5in/year avg.. decreases slightly as you go inland
* Medoc sees 38in/yr - rainiest AC in France

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5
Q

Most planted white and red in Bordeaux?

A

Merlot
Semillon

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6
Q

Bordeaux climate change varieties

A

WHITE: Castets, Albariño

REDS:
Marselan
Touriga Nacional
Arinarnoa
Liliorila

(“new varieties of interest for adapting to climate change”)

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7
Q

Communes of Margaux

A
  1. Cantenac: most planted, 500 of 1500ha. 17 classed growths here
  2. Labarde: Giscours, Dauzac
  3. Arsac: Tertre
  4. Margaux
  5. Soussans: no classed growths

*Margaux-Cantenac were merged in 2017

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8
Q

Bordeaux mixture

A

copper sulfate, lime, and water
*1st used at Chateau Dauzac

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9
Q

Forest between BDX and the Atlantic?

A

La Forêt des Landes

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10
Q

What year was the first Cru Bourgeois classification published?

A

1932

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11
Q

Chateau Chasse-Spleen

A

Moulis-en-Medoc
Cru Bourgeois Crus Exceptionnels

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12
Q

Top 2 properties in Moulis?

A

Chateau Chasse-Spleen
Chateau Poujeaux

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13
Q

Highest point in the Medoc?

A

Listrac AC
141ft

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14
Q

Medoc AC with most classified growths?

A

Margaux
21 originally, 20 now

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15
Q

Which commune ripens first: Margaux or Pauillac? contributing factors?

A

Margaux by 3 to 5 days on average
Soils in Margaux have less clay, aren’t quite as deep - meaning they warm up fast

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16
Q

Chateau Palmer’s historical name

A

Chateau de Gasq
*the current name comes from its English owner who bought it in 1814

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17
Q

Left Bank commune with longest mandated elevage?

A

Listrac: earliest release September 15 of next year

Margaux: cannot bottle until June 1- earliest release Sept 1

Others: release on June 15 of year following harvest

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18
Q

Max. RS for dry reds in 4 major Medoc communes?

A

2 g/l RS

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19
Q

How do Margaux’s soils differ from Pauillac and St-Estephe?

A

Margaux features more gravel and shallower soils. Less clay.

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20
Q

communes for Pauillac AC

A

Pauillac
Saint-Sauveur
Saint-Estephe
Saint-Julien-Beychevelle

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21
Q

Medoc AC with highest density of Cru Classé vineyard land?

A

St-Julien - 11 classified growths control 80% of vineyard land

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22
Q

Most southerly Medoc growth?

A

Chateau La Lagune

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23
Q

Latour neighbors what classified St-Julien estate?

A

A pebble’s toss from Leoville-Las-Cases

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24
Q

Lafite and Mouton are located in what hamlet?

A

Le Pouyalet

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25
Q

stream between Pauillac and St-Estephe

A

Jalles de Breuil
(separates Lafite-Rotschild and Cos d’estournel)

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26
Q

What is the northernmost classed estate in Pauillac?

A

Lafite

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27
Q

Pauillac has a total of how many classed estates?

A

18

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28
Q

How do the soils of Pauillac differ from the rest of the Medoc, speaking generally?

A

There’s more clay. Higher concentrations of gravel in the north

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29
Q

Where is the Grand-Puy Plateau?

A

Pauillac

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30
Q

Connection between Lafite, Latour, and Calon?

A

Lafite, Calon, and Latour came under same ownership through a few marriages - the 3 managed by Nicolas-Alexandre de Segur “Prince of Vines”

1695 to 1755

Lafite, Latour separated ownership in 1755 after Nicolas-Alexandre death

His son fucked up his finances - the family lost Calon in 1798

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31
Q

Latour’s core vineyard?

A

L’Enclos (47ha encircling the chateau and chais)

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32
Q

What Bordeaux property pioneered the use of stainless-steel tanks?

A

Haut-Brion, 1961

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33
Q

Margaux encepagement?

A

The usual 6 +
Max 5% Castets “in interest of adaptation purposes”
**only Medoc communal AC with that

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34
Q

Bordeaux vs. Bordeaux Supérieur AC

A

Both cover the same regional area
*SUPERIEUR = dry red, white only. BDX has sweet whites, rose, clairet styles
*higher min. alc for Sup. & reds stipulate longer elevage

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35
Q

IGP for Bordeaux?

A

Atlantique IGP - shares with Cognac areas, part of Lot-et-Garonne dept, and the Dordogne

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36
Q

Origin of name Bordeaux?

A

Burdigala - place to where the tides flow

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37
Q

Jalles

A

canals

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38
Q

1st Bordeaux wine sold as a brand name?

A

Haut-Brion, 1660
*owner Arnaud de Pontac III exploited this further by opening Pontac’s Head in London to sell/serve his own wine

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39
Q

Bordeaux’s police des vins

A

1300s - 1700s - export regulations for Bordeaux’s port that favored local wines with various protectionist measures, including the “privilege de la barrique” - which requires barrels to be branded/list commune of production and only allowed local wines to be shipped/sold in barrique

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40
Q

Malbec in Bordeaux?

A

1730 in St-Emilion - a Cahors native purchase of Chateau de Pressac

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41
Q

Phylloxera in Bordeaux?

A

1869

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42
Q

Liv-Ex

A

London International Vintners Exchange
*published list of Left Bank Bordeaux (REDS only) since 2009 based on current trading prices on the exchange
* kind of a … modern day classification

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43
Q

American viticultural threats in 1800’s Bordeaux?

A

Oidium: 1852; treatable with sulfur
Phylloxera: 1869
Peronospera (Downy mildew): 1880s - treated with BDX mixture

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44
Q

1st Chateau to estate bottle?

A

Mouton-Rothschild, 1924
(this was also the 1st year of their artist label - Jean Carlu. Although the label idea was dropped due to criticism and only revived in 1945)

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45
Q

1st year that chateau bottling was compulsory for Bordeaux classed estates?

A

1972

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46
Q

Name 3 Bordeaux consultants

A

Emile Peynaud
Michel Rolland
Stéphane Derenoncourt
Denis Dubourdieu

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47
Q

Place de Bordeaux

A

3-tier:
1. wine production (Chateau)
2. Brokerage (worked on commission, intermediary between chateau and negoce)
3. Sales (negociant/merchant class)

The En Primeur system developed out of this - it was internal before, allowed producers to manage risk, recoup production/inventory costs by selling futures to merchants. Became public in the 1980’s

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48
Q

En Primeur

A

Evolved from the Place de Bordeaux’s internal system - became public in 1980’s

*Benefits: mitigates risk, allows producers to recoup production/inventory cost via futures sold to merchants. Guaranteed cash flow + discounted price for buyer

En Primeur Week = late March; Union des Grand Crus

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49
Q

En Primeur Week

A

Started 1970’s, institutionalized by Baron Philippe de Rothschild in the 1980s
*held in late March yearly; put on by Union des Grands Crus - 132 members strong

50
Q

Union des Grands Crus

A

Promotional organization, 132 members strong
*En Primeur Week, late March
*3 honorary members: Chateau Cheval Blanc, Chateau d’Yquem, Chateau Mouton-Rothschild

51
Q

S.C.E.A.

A

société civile d’exploitation agricole
* eliminates the actual transfer of property by creating shares in a real estate-owning company
* a way around Napoleonic inheritance code

52
Q

Bordeaux vine training

A

(most) on Vertical Trellises/Guyot system

Double Guyot on Left Bank, Simple Guyot on Right Bank

Cordon-training is rare except for sweet wines - produces smaller, more botrytis-friendly berries

53
Q

Bordeaux’s vine density on Right Bank vs Left

A

St-Em, Pomerol = 5500 vines/ha
*shallower soil, roots go out not down
Premier communes of the Left = 7000 vines/ha

54
Q

Organic treatment for downy and powdery mildew?

A

Bordeaux mixture/fixed copper sprays (are considered organic)
* de-leafing is also important after veraison to give fruiting zone air flow in the humidity of late summer

55
Q

Bordelais methods to bolster a thinner/weak vintage?

A
  1. saignage: bleed off the tank
  2. reverse osmosis/vacuum distillation: remove water content, concentrate alc
  3. chaptalization
56
Q

Remontage vs Piégeage in Bordeaux

A

Cap management technique favored in BDX - pump wine from bottom over top of tank’s fermenting must/cap to re-submerge skins and to push CO2 to top to release

Pigeage = more even extraction but risks over extraction with a tannic/phenolic grape like Cab

57
Q

Chateau Sociando-Mallet

A

Haut-Medoc (north of St-Estephe)
*one of the leading unclassifieds

58
Q

St-Estephe soils?

A

Heavier clay atop limestone. Not as stony as the other premier communes
*favors Merlot - plantings are on the rise. Poor drainage, Cab can’t ripen well here

59
Q

2nd Growths of Saint-Estephe?

A

Cos d’Estournel
(Les Pagodes des Cos)

Montrose
(Le Dame de Montrose)

60
Q

3rd growths of St-Estephe?

A

Calon Segur

61
Q

4th growths of St-Estephe?

A

Lafon Rochet

62
Q

5th growths of St-Estephe?

A

Cos-Labory

63
Q

Château Cos d’Estournel

A

St-Estephe
2eme
Les Pagodes des Cos

64
Q

Château Montrose

A

St-Estephe
2eme
Le Dame de Montrose

65
Q

Château Calon-Ségur

A

St-Estephe
3rd Growth
Le Marquis de Calon-Ségur

(Prior to the 2013 vintage, Marquis de Calon)

66
Q

Chateau Lafon-Rochet

A

St-Estephe
4th Growth
Les Pélerins de Lafon-Rochet

67
Q

Chateau Cos Labory

A

St-Estephe
5eme
Le Saint Estèphe de Cos Labory (since 2011, previously Charme de Cos Labory)

68
Q

What shelters Pauillac from cold Atlantic winds?

A

Landes Forest

69
Q

What is the name for the type of gravel in the Medoc, Graves, and Pomerol?

A

Gunzian gravel - Pleistocene ice age (Quarternary period where sediment from the Pyrenees during their formation & Massif Central was carried down the Garonne)

70
Q

What type of vine training is most common in the Medoc?

A

Double Guyot - trained lower to absorb heat radiation from gravel (Single in Libourne, Cordon in Sauternes to produce smaller berries to attract noble rot)

71
Q

Name the dry white wine labels for

a) Ch. Margaux
b) Ch. Mouton Rothschild
c) Ch. d’Yquem
d) Ch. Rieussec

A

a) Pavillon blanc
b) l’Aile d’argent
c) Y
d) R

72
Q

What is Live-Ex?

A

Biennial, modern classification of Bordeaux wines reflecting the current economic context -

first compiled by the London International Vintners Exchange in 2009

  • ONLY left bank wines - La Mission is in the first tier; Lynch Bages, Palmer, and Pontet Canet are in the second tier
73
Q

Which Commune in the Medoc has the highest percentage of classed growth vineyard land?

A

Saint-Julien - 85%

74
Q

What are the 2nd wines of the 5 First Growths?

A 
Les Carruades, 
Les Forts, 
Le Petit Mouton, 
Pavillon, 
Clarence (Bahans) - white is called la Clarte
75
Q

What are the Second Growths of St. Julien?

A 
Leoville las cases, 
Leoville Poyferre, 
Leoville Barton, 
Gruaud Larose, 
Ducru Beaucaillou
76
Q

Who invented the “bouillie bordelaise” in 1885?

A

Ducru Beaucaillou

77
Q

What are the Second Growths of Margaux?

A 
Rauzan Segla, 
Rauzan Gassies, 
Durfort-Vivens, 
Lascombes, 
Brane-Cantenac
78
Q

What are the classified growths of the Haut Medoc outside of the 4 main communes?

A 
La Lagune 3e (Ludon), 
La Tour Carnet 4e (St. Laurent), 
Belgrave 5e (St. Laurent), 
Camensac 5e (St. Laurent), 
Cantemerle 5e (Macau)
79
Q

What are the communes of Pauillac?

A

Pauillac,
Saint-Saveur,
Saint-Estephe,
Saint-Julien Beychevelle

80
Q

What are the communes of Saint-Julien?

A

Saint-Julien-Beychevelle,
Cussac-Fort-Medoc,
Saint-Laurent-Medoc

81
Q

What are the 5 communes of Margaux?

A 
Cantenac, 
Labarde, 
Arsac, 
Margaux, 
Soussans
82
Q

3 great LB vintages in the 2010’s

A 
2010, 
2015, 
2016, 
(2017), 
18, 
19
83
Q

3 great LB vintages in the 2000’s

A

2000,
2005,
(2008),
2009

84
Q

3 great LB vintages in the 90’s

A

90,
95,
(96)

85
Q

3 great LB vintages in the 80’s

A

82,
86,
(88),
89

86
Q

3 great LB vintages in the 70’s

A

70, 78

87
Q

Any great old vintages still drinking well?

A

61, 59

88
Q

Vintages to avoid?

A 
1977, 
1980, 
1984, 
1991, 
1992, 
1999, 
2002, 
2003 (super hot), 
2007, 
2011,
2013
89
Q

What is the difference between coulure (shatter) and millerendage (hens and chicks)?

A

coulure happens when flowers remain closed and do not pollinate (frost, or wind/rain),

millerandage is when some berries do not mature fully due to wind or rain disrupting pollination (small, sweet, seedless berries)

90
Q

Name all of the current Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnels (14) 2020 Revision

A

MARGAUX:
Paveil de Luze,
d’Arsac;

SAINT-ESTEPHE:
Le Bosq,
Lillian Ladouys,
Le Crock;

LISTRAC:
Lestage,

HAUT-MEDOC: 
d’Agassac, 
Arnauld, 
Belle-Vue, 
Cambon La Pelouse, 
Charmail, 
Malescasse, 
Malleret, du 
Taillan
91
Q

Only Cru Bourgeois in the Bas Medoc to have been ranked Cru Exceptionnel?

A

Potensac

92
Q

Is the minimum planting density higher on the LB or RB?

A

LB - 7,000 vines/ha in the communes,

6,500 in haut medoc,

5,000 in medoc

RB - 5,500 vines/ha in SE and POM

93
Q

What are some methods of dealing with excess water during the growing season?

A

Must concentration techniques - vacuum distillation, reverse osmosis, saignage

94
Q

Name one estate from Moulis?

A

Ch. Poujeaux,
Ch. Chasse Spleen,
Ch. Branas, Ch.
Clarke

95
Q

Name one estate from Listrac?

A

Fourcas Borie,
Fourcas Dupre,
Fourcas Hosten,
Lestage

96
Q

Average elevage for classed growth Bordeaux Blanc?

A

12-15 months

97
Q

Average elevage for classed growth Bordeaux Rouge?

A

18-24 months

98
Q

Name a Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel of Saint-Estephe

A 
Ch. Le Crock, 
Le Bosq, 
Lillian Ladouys  Les Ormes de Pez, 
Phelan Segur, 
Ch. Haut Marbuzet
99
Q

Name (11) Fifth Growths of Pauillac

A 
Lynch-Bages, 
Grand Puy Lacoste, 
Grand Puy Ducasse,
Armailhac, 
Clerc Milon, 
Batailley,
Haut Batailley, 
Pedesclaux, 
Haut Bages Liberal, 
Lynch Moussas, 
Croizet Bages
100
Q

What are the (5) Second Growths of St. Julien?

A 
Leoville Las Cases, 
Poyferre, 
Barton, 
Gruaud Larose, 
Ducru Beaucaillou
101
Q

What are the (4) Fourth Growths of St. Julien?

A

Talbot,
St. Pierre,
Branaire Ducru,
Beychevelle

102
Q

What are the (5) Second Growths of Margaux?

A 
Brane Cantenac, 
Rauzan Segla, 
Rauzan Gassies, 
Durfort Vivens, 
Lascombes
103
Q

Name Third Growths of Margaux (10)

A 
Palmer, 
d’Issan, 
Kirwan, 
Giscours, 
Cantenac Brown, 
Boyd Cantenac, 
Malescot, 
Marquis d’Alesme, 
Desmirail, 
Ferriere
104
Q

What is En Primeur?

A

Tasting of the previous year’s wine (barrel samples or sample blends) in April - wines are sold in advance of their release date - started as a way to bring cashflow to wineries and lower market prices

105
Q

Name one classified property in the Medoc still under ownership of the original family

A

Mouton Rothschild,
Leoville Barton,
Langoa Barton

106
Q

When did phylloxera arrive to Bordeaux?

A

1869

107
Q

When did Oidium first appear in Bordeaux?

A

1859 - on the Garonne (sweet wine vineyards)

108
Q

What’s the reason for malbec and carmenere disappearing from Bordeaux vineyards?

A

Less successful at grafting onto rootstock

109
Q

Pauillac growths north to south

A

Lafite,

Mouton (between plots of Lafite),

Lafite,

Latour (touching the two pichons to the west - a stone’s throw to Las Cases to the south in Saint Julien)

110
Q

Cos or Montrose - who uses more Cab Sav?

A

Montrose - is on a gravel croupe,

closer to the Gironde than Cos

111
Q

What Medoc commune is the first to ripen ?

A

Margaux - thinnest gravel soils with bands of clay underneath- 1 -2 weeks early

112
Q

Inaugural Vintage of Ygrec

A

1959

113
Q

How many 5th Growths are there in Saint Julien

A

0, no first or fifths in saint julien

114
Q

What is the man-made forest protecting the western border of the Medoc?

A

Landes

115
Q

How is Peronosopera treated?

A

Copper Sulfate - Bdx mixture

116
Q

Terrible hail vintage of the 2010s

A

2017

117
Q

When did Estate Bottling become compulsory in the Medoc?

A

1972

118
Q

Most southerly classed growth in the Medoc?

A

La Lagune - Frey Family

119
Q

Most northerly classed growth in the Medoc?

A

Calon Segur

120
Q

Pavillon blanc

A

Ch. Margaux - 100% SB

121
Q

Properties in Margaux

A 
Cantenac-Brown, 
Issan, 
Kirwan, 
Giscours, 
Durfort Vivens (Biodynamic), 
(Baron de - 2nd wine) Brane-Cantenac

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