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Continuing Studies > PT: Madeira > Flashcards

PT: Madeira Flashcards

1
Q

Terraces in Madeira are called? What are they made of?

A

Poios
Basalt

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2
Q

What is the regulatory body that oversees production of Madeira?

A

Wine, Embroidery and Handicraft Institute of Madeira (IVBAM)

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3
Q

What is the term for Madeira’s ocean voyage?

A

Torna Viagem

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4
Q

What other island can Madeira be made on?

A

Porto Santo

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5
Q

What is common vine training method used on Madeira? How does it benefit the vine?

A

Pergola: the vines are trained on low trellises called latadas. This training combats fungal pressure in the damp environment

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6
Q

What is the term for the system of canals that drain Madeira’s peaks?

A

Levadas
(summers are hot and dry, winters short - most of the rain falls on the north side of the island so these bring rain to the very dry south side)

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7
Q

What is the capital of Madeira?

A

Funchal

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8
Q

Biggest exporter of Madeira?

A

Vinhos Justinos Henriques- responsible for half of the islands exports

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9
Q

Blandy’s and Cossart Gordon are produced by what outfit?

A

The Madeira Company

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10
Q

What is Madeira’s largest independent producer?

A

Henriques & Henriques

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of companies involved in the Madeira wine trade?

A
  1. Shipping company: trade wine rather than make it (ex: Broadbent)
  2. Partidistas: store wine and sell it at maturity for profit (similar to Sherry’s Almacenistas)
  3. Production companies: make the wine (Henriques)
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12
Q

How many production companies are there in Madeira?

A

8 but only 6 actively export
*most are based in Funchal

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13
Q

Name 3 Madeira production companies?

A
  • H.M. Borges (founded 1877)
  • Henriques & Henriques (founded 1850)
  • Madeira Wine Company (originally formed in 1913 as the Madeira Wine Association, the MWC formally changed its title in 1981)
  • Pereira D’Oliveira (founded 1850 as a partidista)
  • Vinhos Barbeito (founded 1946)
  • Vinhos Justino Henriques (founded 1870)
  • Faria & Filhos (founded 1949)
  • Madeira Vintners (Cooperativa Agrícola do Funchal) (founded 2013)
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14
Q

What are Madeira’s 4 noble white grapes?

A
  1. Escagna Cao (Sercial)
  2. Verdelho
  3. Boal (Bual/Malvasia Fina)
  4. Malmsey (Malvasia Candida/Branco do Sao Jorge)
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15
Q

What grape accounts for the majority of Madeira’s production?

A

Tinta Negra

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16
Q

If a Madeira is varietally labelled, what percentage of the variety must be in the blend?

A

85% if non-vintage blend
100% if it is vintage dated

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17
Q

Approximately how many hectares are planted on Madeira?

A

500ha, down for 3k pre-phylloxera

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18
Q

RS for Terrantez Madeira

A

Medium Dry or Medium Sweet
57 - 96gl RS

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19
Q

What 2 heating methods have replaced the “tourna viagem” for Madeira? Which is considered to be of higher quality?

A

Estufa
Canteiro

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20
Q

Explain the Estufagem process for producing Madeira?

A

After fortification, the wine is transferred to a stainless steel vat. The wine is heated via heated water running through serpentine coils in the tank.

The wine is heated to a temperature of 113-122º and held there for at least 3 months. After this, the wine is left to rest for 90 days - a period called the estagio - before being transferred to age in cask.

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21
Q

What variant of the Estufagem process might a producer use instead of direct heat?

A

Armazens de Calor: rooms warmed by nearby tanks or steam pipes rather than direct heat. Utilizes lower temperatures over a longer period of time - up to a year.
*Madeira Wine Company uses this

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22
Q

What is the Canteiro method

A

Name derives from the support beams on the ceiling of a winery
* Wines are cask-aged for at least two years in lodge attics, using gentler natural warmth and a slower maturation.

23
Q

Min. aging for Madeira made via Estufagem vs. Canteiro?

A

Estufagem: 12 months from conclusion of process
Canteiro: Min. 2 years in cask; cannot be bottled before 3 yrs from date of final fortification

24
Q

What is the earliest date that any style of Madeira can be sold?

A

October 31 of 2nd year after harvest

25
Q

RS for Sercial Madeira

A

Dry or Extra Dry
0 to 65gl RS

26
Q

RS for Verdelho Madeira

A

Medium Dry
57 - 80 gl RS

27
Q

RS for Boal Madeira

A

Medium Sweet
80 to 96gl RS

28
Q

RS for Malmsey Madeira

A

Sweet
96+ gl RS

29
Q

What is Rainwater Madeira?

A

The story: casks waiting for passage to America (or on the dock in Savannah GA) were left in the rain and were pleasantly “diluted”
* typically made from Negra Mole, Verdelho

30
Q

Colheita Madeira

A
  • single variety or blend
  • Min 5 years prior to bottling (from Oct 31)

the “bargain” vintage Madeira - frasquiera/garrafeira Madeira sees min. 20 years in cask

31
Q

4 requirements for Frasqueira Madeira?

A
  • aged min. 20 years in cask
  • single recommended variety
  • min. 85% of stated vintage
  • canteiro method
32
Q

Madeira ABV range?

A

17 - 22%

33
Q

What is the minimum amount of time allowed between conclusion of the estufagem process and bottling for Madeira?

A

12 months

34
Q

What is the maximum yield in Madeira?

A

150 hl/ha (IVBAM might adjust annually)

35
Q

What is the dominant soil type in Madeira? Bonus points for naming subtypes.

A

Volcanic. Including…
- Saibro: decomposed red tufa
- Cascalho: stony soil
- Pedra Molle: arenaceous soil of decomposed yellow tufa
- Massapes: decomposed dark tufa that turned into clay

36
Q

What event helped Madeira gain such popularity in colonial America?

A

1660s: British crown banned importation of products made/grown in Europe unless shipped on British vessels from British ports. Madeira was exempted.

37
Q

What is Madeira’s local term for “pergola”?

A

Latadas

38
Q

What does “estufa” directly translate to?

A

Hot house

39
Q

3 ways that Phylloxera changed Madeira?

A
  1. Tinta Negra displaced Verdelho as most planted
  2. American hybrids entered the chat
  3. 2 nobles of the past weren’t replanted - Bastardo and Terrantez
40
Q

Which 2 Madeira noble varieties are harvested last?

A

Sercial and Verdelho

41
Q

Which of Madeira 4 nobles are typically fermented on their skins?

A

Bual, Malmsey
*Sercial and Verdelho are separated from skins prior to fermentation

42
Q

Which of Madeira’s 4 nobles undergoes the shortest fermentation?

A

Malvasia/Malmsey - fermentation is stopped to preserve sugar

43
Q

Aging requirements for Rainwater Madeira?

A

EARLIEST - Oct 31 of 2nd year after harvest (like all Madeira)

MAX 10 years aging

44
Q

Seleccionado Madeira

A
  • blended wine at least 3 yrs, less than 5
  • Estufagem. Ages in tank, not cask
  • Tinta Negra
  • “Fine”, “Choice”, “Select”
45
Q

Reserve Madeira

A

NV blend
Between 5 and 10 years of age

46
Q

Madeira “Special Reserve”

A

NV blend
Between 10 - 15 years
*single variety, canteiro method

47
Q

Extra Reserve Madeira

A

NV blend 15 - 20 years old

48
Q

Solera Madeira

A

Fractional blending, Canteiro method
* single variety (from list of recommended)
* Vintage on bottle is year of the base wine
(Solera in Madeira are normally refreshed with older wine rather than younger)
* max 10% to be drawn off per year, max 10 refreshes

49
Q

Name a labelling term for Madeira that has gone on an ocean voyage across the equator?

A

Vinho da Roda
Vinho da Torno
Vinho da Volta

50
Q

Longest age designation for NV Madeira blends?

A

50 year age statement

51
Q

Name two styles of Vintage Madeira?

A
  1. Colheita
  2. Frasquiera
  3. Vinho da Roda/Vinho da Torno/Vinho da Volta
52
Q

Recommended red grapes in Madeira DOP?

A
  1. Bastardo (Graciosa)
  2. Malvasia Cândida Roxa (Malvasia Roxa) 3. Tinta (Tinta da Madeira)
  3. Tinta Negra (Tinta Negra Mole)
  4. Verdelho Tinto
53
Q

Recommended white grapes in Madeira DOP? (8)

A
  1. Sercial (Esgana-cão)
  2. Verdelho
  3. Boal (Malvasia Fina)
  4. Malmsey (Malvasia Cândida/ di Lipari)
  5. Terrantez
  6. Malvasia Branca de São Jorge
  7. Moscatel Graúdo (Moscatel-de-Setúbal)
  8. Listrão

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