IT: Tuscany Flashcards
(181 cards)
1
Q
Chianti’s 1st demarcation? Other regions?
A
1716, by Cosimo III de’Medici
Chianti
Pomino
Valdarno
Carmignano
2
Q
What winery did Bettino Ricasoli’s family own?
A
Castello di Brolio
3
Q
What variety was historically dominant in the Chianti blend before pre-Ricasoli?
A
Canaiolo
4
Q
When was Chianti original 7 subzones drawn? When/what was the last subzone?
A
1932
Montespertoli, 1997
5
Q
The first iterations of Tignanello were labelled via what DOC? When/why did this change?
A
Chianti Classico Riserva
*the 1971 added Cabernet Sauvignon, which then defaulted this wine to Vino de Tavola
6
Q
First monovarietal Sangiovese Super Tuscan?
A
San Felice’s Vigorello, 1968
(now a Cab-Merlot blend)
7
Q
What year did Chianti become a DOCG?
A
1984
8
Q
What year did Chianti Classico separate from the regular Chianti DOCG?
A
1996
9
Q
What year did Chianti Classico forbid white grapes in the blend?
A
2005
10
Q
The Gallo Nero was the symbol of which of Chianti Classico’s villages, historically?
A
Radda, dating to the 1300s
11
Q
What are Chianti Rufina’s 2 most prominent producers?
A
Frescobaldi
Selvapiana
12
Q
Chianti Colli Senesi overlaps with what 2 other major growing areas?
A
Montalcino
Montepulciano
13
Q
Chianti Rufina overlaps with part of what other DOC?
A
Pomino DOC
14
Q
What soil type is galestro?
A
Simple answer: a friable marl of limestone and sandstone
Friable schistic clay aka “flaky schist-like marlstone” .. found at higher altitudes. More the slopes, while albarese is more on the valley floors
[ Monty Waldin as “a rock formation of stone (mudstone or clay but not compact clay) and sand which will become clay, but has not yet reached the full clay stage.”]
15
Q
What soil type is albarese?
A
Compact clay and limestone found in the Chianti region.
[galestro is a shale-like formation found at
16
Q
What is macigno?
A
grayish-blue sandstone; more accurately - a mix of sands and compacted sands.
Typical to the southern portion of Chianti Classico - particularly Greve
Drainage is great - too good for drought years.
(ma-she-knee-oh)
17
Q
The Pomino DOC overlaps with what other growing area?
A
Chianti Rufina
18
Q
Who is the biggest producer in Pomino DOC?
A
Frescobaldi, with a near monopoly on production. They control almost all of the best land in the center of the DOC, farming at 500 to 700M
19
Q
Grapes for Pomino Vin Santo and Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice?
A
Vin Santo: Chardonnay, Trebbiano, Pinot Grigio, Pinot Bianco
Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice: Sangiovese, max 50% Pinot Nero and/or Merlot
20
Q
Pomino DOC grapes (4)
A
Chardonnay, Sauvignon
Merlot, Pinot Nero
Min. 85% of stated variety
21
Q
Outside of Tuscany, Ansonica is grown widely in ___________ and known as _________?
A
Sicily, Inzolia
22
Q
Prior to 1975, the wines of Carmignano were sold as ________?
A
Chianti Montalbano
23
Q
What styles of wine are made in the Carmignano DOCG?
A
Rosso/Rosso Riserva only
* Min. 50% Sangiovese, 10 - 20% Cabernet Sauvignon/Franc
*max. 20% Canaiolo Nero, max. 10% some white varieties and max. 10% everything else
24
Q
Carmignano DOCG vs. Barco Reale di Carmignano DOC
A
Rosso/Rosato - same assemblage as Carmignano (Mostly Sangiovese with a mandated amount of Cab Sauv/Franc, possibly some Caniaolo Nero and other things)
The Barco Reale di Carmignano DOC is basically the DOCG minus the constraints on aging, etc as well as the authorization to make rosato. It became its own in 1994.
Named for the Medici’s game reserve - but the connection is unclear.
25
What is a 'caratello'?
a small wooden keg traditionally used for the production of Vino Santo and Aceto Balsamico (balsamic vinegar). Between 50 - 150L. Might be oak, cherry, chestnut or pear tree.
26
Carmignano DOCG aging?
Normale: min 8 months in oak or chestnut. Not to be released until June 1 year 2 post harvest
Riserva: min. 12 - may not be released until Sept 29 (feast of St. Michael) of 3rd year post harvest
27
What day marks the release date for Carmignano Riserva DOCG?
Sept 29 - the Feast of St. Michael
(Vino de Talha is Nov 11/St Martin)
28
Colli dell'Etruria DOC
Overlaps Chianti DOCG. This is Chianti's answer to Brunello's Rosso and Carmignano's Barco Reale.
29
Colli di Luni DOC
*shared with Tuscany
*Varietal whites can be made from Vermentino and Albarola. *Sangiovese-based reds. Bianco blends of Vermentino + Trebbiano.
30
Where is the Colline Lucchesi DOC?
Northern Tuscany, named for the city of Lucca
31
Cortona DOC
*varietal: Chardonnay, Grechetto, Sauvignon, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Sangiovese, Syrah
*Bianco, min. 70% Trebbiano, Grechetto, and/or Malvasia Bianca
*Rosso, 50 - 60% Syrah with 10 - 20% Merlot with max 30% other varieties
Eastern Tuscany - near Umbrian border
32
What is the flagship wine of the island of Elba?
Aleatico Passito, named DOCG in 2010
33
Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG:
- Varietal requirement?
- min. sugar?
- min. alcohol?
100% Aleatico (red)
min. 12% ABV
min. 10 days air drying
min. 30% sugar content, post-fermentation
*Tenuta Le Ripalte
34
The island of Elba is located in what sea?
Tyrrhenian Sea
35
What DOC exists as an "looser" alternative to the Chianti Colli Senesi DOCG?
Grance Senesi DOC
36
What is the Italian term for marc?
Pomace
37
Italian regions best known for Grappa production
Veneto
Tuscany
Piemonte
Friuli
38
Giovane Grappa
Pure, unaged
39
Grappa Affinata
Aged >12m in wood
40
Grappa Invecchiata/Vecchia
12 - 18 months in wood
41
Grappa Stravecchia
Min. 18 months in oak
(invecchiata/vecchia = 12-18m)
42
Italian grappa producers
Jacopo Poli
Nardini
Nonino
43
Give an example of an oak aged grappa.
Jacopo Poli
44
What is the difference between grappa and acquavita d'uva?
Grappa is distilled from pomace. Acquavita d'uva is distilled from whole grape must - similar to French eau de vie.
45
Montecarlo DOC
NW Tuscany - Trebbiano-based whites, Sangiovese based reds and some Vin Santo production
46
Montecucco DOC
Grosseto Province
*Min. 60% Sangiovese
*min 12% ABV (vs DOCG's 13/13.5%)
*release Sept 1 of next year. 12 months in wood, 6 in bottle
47
Montecucco Sangiovese DOCG
- varietal requirement
- ABV
- Aging
- 2 major producers
* min. 90% Sangiovese
* min. ABV 13%, 13.5% for RSVA
* min. 1 year in oak.
* RSVA 24 in oak, 6 months in bottle.
*separated in from Montecucco DOC in 2011
Livio Sassetti La Querciolina, ColleMassari Lombrone / Montecucco RSVA
48
Morellino di Scansano DOC rules
Rosso and Rosso Riserva only
Grosseto
*Min. 85% Sangiovese + max. 15% "other"
*Min 12.5% / 13% for RSVA abv
49
Moscadello di Montalcino DOC styles
Min. 85% Moscato Bianco
Tranquilo, Frizzante, Vendemmia Tardiva
50
Pomino DOC
*Rufina (commune)
*Frescobaldi dominates production - Castello di Pomino
*Varietal wines: Chard, Pinot, Merlot, Sauvignon
*Min. 70% PG, PB, and/or Chard Bianco - all styles
*Sangiovese-based reds
51
What are the maximum altitude limitations set for the Pomino DOC?
650M for red grapes
800M for white grapes
52
What is the varietal composition in a bottle of Rosso della Val di Cornia DOCG?
Min. 40% Sangiovese
Max. 60% Cabernet Sauvignon and/or Merlot
Max. 20% "others" except Aleatico
53
Montalcino sits within what province?
Siena
54
What is Incontro Bruni 54?
A hybrid crossing of Vernaccia x Sauvignon Blanc
55
The Sant'Antimo DOC shares almost the exact boundaries as what 2 other DOC(G)s?
Brunello di Montalcino DOCG
Moscadello di Montalcino DOC
56
Sant'Antimo DOC varieties?
Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, Sauvignon
Pinot Nero, Cab Sauv, Merlot
57
A producer making Vin Santo in Montalcino would have what options for a DOC?
Vin Santo di Montepulcian DOC (if in area)
Sant'Antimo DOC
58
Suvereto was previously a named subzone of what DOC?
Val di Cornia DOC
59
What styles of wine are made under the Suvereto DOCG?
ROSSO/RSVA: Cab Sauv and/or Merlot
VARIETALLY LABELLED (min 85%):
* Sangiovese/Riserva
* Merlot/Riserva
* Cabernet Sauvignon/Riserva
60
Suvereto DOCG grapes/styles
Rosso: Merlot and/ or Cab Sauv, Varietal: Sangiovese, Merlot, Cab
61
Where is the Val d'Arno di Sopra DOC?
Northeastern Tuscany, in the Arezzo province
*Petrolo is a commonly seen producer
62
What 4 Tuscan DOC's are dedicated to Vin Santo?
Vin Santo de Chianti DOC
Vin Santo de Chianti Classico DOC
Vin Santo de Carmignano DOC
Vin Santo de Montepulciano DOC
63
Which of Tuscany's DOCGs is the largest in terms of planting and volume? Which is the 2nd largest? How do they compare size-wise?
Chianti DOCG with about 15.5k ha planted is by far the largest. Chianti Classico comes in 2nd with 6.5k
64
Tuscan white wine DOCG
Only Vernaccia di San Gimignano, which is dedicated to white wine only.
65
Tuscany's DOCG allow for dessert wine styles
Elba Aleatico Passito only
66
Which of Tusncay's DOCG is smallest in terms of size/production? 2nd smallest?
Rosso della Val di Cornia with only about 6ha planted
Elba Aleatico Passito is 2nd smallest with about 12 dedicated hectares
67
What is the minimum ABV set for Brunello di Montalcino DOCG - normale and riserva?
12.5%
(same for RSVA)
68
What are the aging requirements for Brunello di Montalcino DOCG?
Normale: min. 2 years in wood with at least 4 months in bottle. Cannot be sold before Jan. 1 of 5th year after harvest.
Riserva: min. 2 years in wood with at least 6 in bottle. Not to be sold until the 6th year post-harvest.
69
Brunello's Sangiovese biotype?
Brunello aka Sangiovese Grosso
(larger berried, thicker skins)
"little dark one"
70
Trivia: prior to the end of WW2, which vintages had Biondi-Santi managed to produce Brunello?
1888
1891
1925
1945
*Biondi-Santi was the only firm producing Brunello at the close of the war and had only actually made 4 vintages. Others began to pick up the style around this time.
71
What was the maximum elevation allowed for plantings historically in the Brunello DOCG? What year was this requirement removed?
600M
2015
72
Brunello di Montalcino DOCG planting density?
min. 4000 vines per hectare. Same for the Rosso DOC. Prior to 2015, the requirement was 3000 vines per hectare.
73
Explain Slavonian Oak.
Quercus Robur (pedunculate)
* Slavonia refers to a northern Balkan/former Yugoslavian region, now shared by several countries but most notably Croatia.
* more tightly grained and compact than the French Quercus Robur.
74
Quercus Robur
Slavonian Oak
75
What is B-BS-11?
The famed biotype of Sangiovese isolated at Biondi-Santi
76
What is "mezzadria"?
Sharecropping
77
CCL 2000
Consorzio + 2 Uni's studied 16 vineyards with 5 wineries - all aspects of the grape/terroir
7 Sangiovese clones + 1 Colorino clone identified as best - they gave it to nurseries who sold to wineries.
The project helped improve/modernize viti/vini.
Over 1/2 of the DOCG was planted with selected clones in the early 2000s
78
Changes for Chianti Classico Gran Selezione DOCG in 2027 on?
- min 90% Sangiovese (rn 80 - 100%)
- only native grapes
- must list UGA
* response to criticism over lack of differentiation
79
Offer an example of a single vineyard 100% Sangiovese from the Chianti Classico Gran Selezione DOCG category?
*Villa Calcinaia’s Vigna La Fornace
*Montefioralle’s Vigna Bastignano
*Vigna Contessa Luisa
*Querciabella’s Ruffoli
80
What one soil type is most dominant in the Chianti Classico DOCG?
Albarese
(weathered calcareous sandstone with high limestone content)
81
What tiers of Chianti Classico DOCG wines are allowed to label with a UGA?
Only Gran Selezione
82
Antinori and its Tignanello site are located within what Chianti Classico UGA?
San Casciano
83
When will the Montefioralle and Lamole UGAs become active?
2027
84
Which of Chianti Classico's 11 UGA's is the smallest?
Lamole
85
Which of Chianti Classico's 11 UGA's has the highest elevation vineyards?
Lamole
86
Who owns Lamole di Lamole?
Santa Margherita
87
Filetta di Lamole
Fontodi
88
Panzano is located in which of Chianti Classico's communes?
Greve
89
Which of Chianti Classico's UGA's boasts the highest density of vines?
Panzano
90
Vigna d’Alceo
Castello dei Rampola
91
What river runs through the Radda UGA?
Pesa River
92
Which of Chianti Classico's UGAs is the largest by planted hectares?
Castellina
93
Selezione Madonna delle Grazie
Il Marroneto
*planted 1974; North Montalcino
*400M
*best vintages only
94
Vigna gli Angeli
La Gerla
*best years only
*North Montalcino
95
Baricci
*entire vineyard is Montosoli only
*Nello Baricci (died 2017) was a founding father of Brunello
*traditonalist
96
Altesino's claim to fame
BDM pioneer of the single vineyard concept with the 1975 vintage from Montosoli
97
Vigna Spuntali
Val di Suga's flagship
*only made in exceptional years
*North Montalcino
98
Manachiara
Tenute Silvio Nardi
*single vineyard; far northwest of Montalcino
99
Sugarille
Pieve Santa Restituta
Gaja's flagship Brunello
Tavernelle
(Rennina is the other special bottling)
100
Riserva Ripe al Convento
CastelGiocondo - Frescobaldi
Top wine from top vintages
*from the best, highest vineyards
101
3 biggest Brunello producers?
#1 Banfi
#2 CastelGiacondo - Frescobaldi
#3 Col d'Orcia
102
Riserva Poggio al Vento
Col d'Orcia
Single Vineyard
Sant'Angelo Colle
103
Poggio alle Mura
Banfi
(not the top though - Poggio all"Oro is)
104
Poggio all"Oro
Banfi's top Brunello
Riserva
105
Ugolaia
Lisini
Sant'Angelo in Colle
*only in best years
*1st year 1990 when they decided to feature the vineyard over the extra year of aging
106
Riserva Il Quercione
Campogiovanni
(San Felice)
*only in best years
*single vineyard
Sant'Angelo in Colle
107
Brunello's packaging rules?
BDX bottle with cork mandatory
108
What variety was Brunello historically known for?
Moscadello
*actual identity is unconfirmed - DOC law say it is MPG, some authorities think it is Alexandria
109
"Inventor" of modern Brunello?
Clemente Santi with his 1865 Brunello.
*Brunello = "little dark one"; at the time it was common practice to blend red + white grapes
110
Consulting winemaker who shaped Brunello?
Giulio Gambelli
(Giacamo Tachis was the Super Tuscans etc)
111
Vintage that launched "Brunellogate"?
2003 vintage - scandal aired in 2008
112
Rivers that border the north and the east of Montalcino?
North = Ombrone River
East = Asso River
113
When can you release Rosso di Montalcino?
Sept 1 of year after harvest
114
DOC's that overlap with Brunello di Montalcino DOCG?
Moscadello di Montalcino
Chianti Colli Senesi
Sant'Antimo
115
(unofficial) subzones of Brunello?
Montalcino
Bosco
Canalicchio
Tavernelle
Camigliano
Sant’Angelo
Torrenieri
Castelnuovo dell’Abate
116
Hottest subzone of Brunello?
Sant'Angelo
117
Pieve Santa Restituta
Gaja's Brunello estate in Tavernelle
Next door to Casse Basse
*Sugarille is the flagship
118
Brunello's largest estates are in which subzone?
Sant'Angelo
Argiano, Col d'Orcia, Banfi
119
2 subzones that contribute the majority of Brunello's production?
Camigliano (Frescobaldi's CastelGioconda)
Sant'Angelo (Banfi)
120
South Montalcino (subzone)
The OG area
*avg 350 - 500M
*oldest soils in the DOCG - mainly calcareous with sandy limestone with galestro
*Biondi Santi/Greppo Estate, Fattoria dei Barbi, Le Chiuse di Sotto, Cerbaiona, La Potazzine
121
North Montalcino (subzone)
coolest area in the DOCG
*300 - 400M
*calcareous limestone and clay
*producers tend to be traditional; wines stylistically lighter color, more elegant and perfumed
*MONTOSOLI is here
*Altesino, Fuligni, Il Marroneto, Franco Pacenti, Le Chiuse, La Gerla
122
Tavarnelle
Subzone of Montalcino
*300 - 350M
*Gianfanco Soldera's Casse Basse
*Pieve Santa Restituta
*Caprili
123
Sant'Angelo
MONTALCINO SUBZONE
This is where the big guys are - Argiano, Banfi, Col d'Orcia
*35 - 40% of BdM production
*hottest, driest area. Mt. Amiata casts a lil rain shadow
*Harvests 10 - 14 days earlier than the rest
* Elevation matters.. higher towards Colle, lower towards Scalo
*Il Poggione, Lisini are 2 smaller producers
124
Camigliano
MONTALCINO SUBZONE
Hotter, but not as hot as Sant'Angelo. Sandy soils.
*20% of BdM output
CastelGiaconda - Frescobaldi is the big name
125
Great Brunello vintages since 2010?
2010
2012
2013
2016
126
Worst brunello vintages since 2000?
2002 - torrential downpour, really bad
2005 - rain, not the worst but not good
2014
127
Castelnuovo dell'Abate
MONTALCINO SUBZONE
*warm but not scorching. Hot sea breezes are blocked by a ridge, Orcia River brings cool night winds.
*calcareous marl with shale formations
*supreme growing area! Mastrojanni was the 1st to bring attn
*Poggio di Sotto, Ciacci Piccolomini d'Aragona, Uccelliera, Stella di Campolto
128
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG grapes/styles? ABV? Aging?
* Min. 70% Sangiovese (aka Prugnolo Gentile)
* Rosso (12.5) Min. 2 years with options for wood vs other container
* Riserva (13%) Min. 3 years with 6 months in bottle
129
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano soils?
Volcanic, sandstone
130
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano name for Sangiovese?
Prugnolo Gentile
"gentle plum"
131
Traditional Tuscan Vin Santo blend?
Trebbiano Toscano + Malvasia Bianca Lunga
132
What technique is used to dry grapes for high quality Vin Santo?
Clusters are either hung vertically or laid on bamboo shelves
*stringing the bunches is preferable as it allows 360 exposure
133
Tuscan Vin Santo DOC (4) - which mandates highest sugar?
Vin Santo di Montepulciano mandates 28% sugar content
Chianti Classico: 27%
Chianti: 26%
Carmignano: 26.6%
* all are only DOC
134
Which of Tuscany's Vin Santo DOC's mandates the longest aging periods?
Montepulciano overall
3yr for Vin Santo, 5yr for RSVA, 6yr for Occhio Pernice
CC = 3yrs, no RSVA
Chianti= 3yrs, 4 for RSVA
Carmignano= same
135
What early 2000s event almost doubled Chianti Classico's Vin Santo production?
Nixing of white grapes from the DOCGs reds
136
Vessel for aging Tuscan Vin Santo?
Caratelli, 50L
*could be cherry, acacia, peach, mulberry, or mixed stave barrels BUT the most traditional is chestnut
137
Preferred cooper for Tuscany's Vin Santo barrels?
Renzi Francesco
138
In production of Tuscan Vin Santo, what is the Madre?
sludgy yeast/old wine left in the caratello between fills - might be generations old
Vin Santo's yeast starter?
139
Vernaccia di San Gimignano's biggest claim to fame?
Italy's 1st DOC in 1966! Upgraded to DOCG in 1993
also the only white DOCG
140
Sassicaia
"place of many stones"
1968 first vintage
*Mario Incisa della Rocchetta planted Cab in 1944 after noting gravelly soils similar to Left Bank
*~85% Cab Sauv + Franc: permanent blend introduced by consultant Giacoma Tachis in the 70s
*highest elevation vineyard in Bolgheri @400M
141
Bolgheri producers
- Sassicaia/Tenuta San Guido
- Meletti Cavallari / Gratamacco (1977)
- L. Antinori / Ornellaia (1985)
- P. Antinori / Guado al Tasso (1990)
- Gaja / Ca' Marcanda (1996)
Le Macchiole, Tua Rita
142
Bolgheri DOC communes of production?
Castagneto Carducci
143
Bolgheri DOC grapes/styles
Bianco:
*any blend of Vermentino/Chard/Viognier w/ max 40% "others"
*varietal Vermentino / Sauv Blanc
Rosso:
up to 100% Cab, Merlot, Cab Franc
max. 50% Syrah, Sangiovese
max 30% "others"
144
What grapes can be bottled varietally as Bolgheri DOC?
Vermentino, Sauvignon Blanc
Cab Sauv, Merlot, Cab Franc
145
Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC
Subzone of Bolgheri DOC when it was created in 1994 - gifted its own monopole DOC in 2013.
*Min. 80% Cab Sauv + max 20% others
*min. 2 years aging with 18 months in 225L barrique
146
Describe Bolgheri's topography.
Colline Metaliffere: block cold winter winds from the interior
Mediterranean Sea influence
Cecina River - to the north
Cornia River - to the south
Highest vineyard is Sassicaia at 400M; vineyards are higher on slopes or in the sandy plains that separate the mountains from the Med.
147
Bolgheri's soils?
Variable
Flatter lands are sandier. Some portions contain more volcanic material.
148
Bolgheri planting density?
Min 4500... typical is
Higher - 7000 vines/hectare and up to 10k juuuuust like Bordeaux
149
Bolgheri's most planted grapes?
Most planted white grape?
#1 Cabernet Sauvignon
#2 Merlot
#3 Cab Franc
*Vermentino is the most planted white
150
Max amount of Sangiovese or Syrah in a Bolgheri blend?
50%
151
DOC/G neighboring Bolgheri?
Val di Cornia DOC
Suvereto DOCG
(Suvereto was a subzone of Val di Cornia until 2011)
152
Val di Cornia DOC vs. Val di Cornia Rosso DOCG
DOCG is min. 40% Sangiovese + max 60% Merlot/Cab + max. 20% "others"
DOC:
Vermentino-based bianco, rosato, and a little list of varietals. The red blends are reserved for DOCG requirements. Has a superiore category but no aging requirement otherwise
153
Val di Cornia
DOC AND DOCG (Rosso della Val di Cornia)
*natural extension of Bolgheri - interest from producers priced out of Bolgheri
*follows the Cornia River
*Suvereto is a former subzone
154
Describe the Maremma.
Southern Tuscan Coast - former swampland until Mussolini drained it in the 1930's.
*varied topography and geology - clay in the flat coastal areas, tufaceous soils near the Volsini Mountain range, then Mt. Amiata's lava dome
155
Montecucco/Montecucco Sangiovese are within what larger DOC?
Maremma DOC
156
Min. % of sangiovese in Montecucco Sangiovese DOCG?
90%
(the DOC is min. 60%)
157
Morellino di Scansano DOCG
Morellino = Sangiovese
***min. 85% Morellino**
*hills up to 450M
*sandstone in the west to clay-limestone in the east
*southern half of **Maremma**
158
Carmignano DOCG grapes/styles
*Min. 50% Sangiovese + 10 - 20% comb. Cab Sauv/Franc
Max 10% others
*once part of Chianti Montalbano. Capezzano was the hero in its elevation.
*Cab Sauv since Catherine di Medici planted it in the 16th century
*borders originally drawn in 1716 edict
*younger wines get the Barco Reale di Carmignano DOC
159
Vino Nobile Pieve
- min % Sangiovese
- aging
[Pieve](https://flatiron-wines.com/blogs/the-latest/overlooked-wines-of-italy-vino-nobile-di-montepulciano#:~:text=Starting%20with%20the%202021%20vintage,a%20Riserva%20(three%20years).) = churches, parishes. UGA system - 12 identified
* min. 90% Sangiovese, only native grapes in blend (vs min 70%)
* Riserva level aging - min. 3 years
* 2021 vintage forward, arriving in the market in 2025; initiative by TerraNobile
160
name 3 Vino Nobile di Montepulciano Pieve
Ascianello
**Argiano**
Badia
Caggiole
Cervognano
Cerliana
Le Grazie
**Gracciano**
San Biagio
**Sant**’Albino
Valardegna
Valiano
161
100% Merlot Super Tuscans
- Castello di Ama "L'Apparita"
- Castello di Brolio "Casalferro"
- Boscarelli "Boscarelli"
- La Capella "Cantico"
- Frescobaldi "Lamaione"
- Le Macchiole "Messorio"
- Tenuta dell'Ornellaia "Masseto"
- Petrolo "Galatrona"
- Tua Rita "Redigaffi"
162
Tignanello
Antinori
* 75% to 80% Sangiovese, 13 - 18% CS, 7% CF
* 1971 = 1st Cab Sauv vintage
* Chianti Classico zone - San Casciano. IGT TOSCANA
163
Solaia
Antinori
* 75% Cab Sauv, 20% Sangiovese, 5% Cab Franc
* IGT Toscana
* 1978
164
Guado Al Tasso
Antinori
* 50-65% Cab Sauv, 30-40% Merlot, plus other varieties
* Bolgheri Superiore DOC
165
Grifi
Avignonesi
IGT Toscana
* 50/50 Cab Sauv, Merlot
166
Desidiero
Avignonesi
* 85% Merlot, 15% Cab Sauv
* IGT Toscana
167
Casalferro
Castello di Brolio
* 100% Merlot (originally 100% Sangiovese)
* IGT Toscana
168
Il Caberlot
Il Carnasciale
* Val d'Arno, labels IGT Toscana
* 100% Caberlot (unique variety with Cabernet Franc and Merlot characteristics)
* only in magnum
169
I Sodi di San Niccolò
Castellare
* 85% Sangioveto, 15% Malvasia Nera
* IGT Toscana
170
Duemani's top bottles
Duemani: 100% Cab Franc
Suisassi: 100% Syrah
171
Fontalloro
Felsina
100% Sangiovese
172
Maestro Raro
Felsina
100% Cabernet Sauvignon
173
Flaccianello della Pieve
Fontodi, 1981
100% Sangiovese
IGT Colli della Toscana Centrale
174
Grattamacco
Bolgheri Superiore
* 65% Cabernet Sauvignon, 20% Merlot, 15% Sangiovese
175
Cepparello
Barberino Val d'Elsa, Firenze
Isole e Olena
* 100% Sangiovese
* 1980
176
Le Macchiole top bottlings
Bolgheri
* Paleo = 100% Cab Franc
* Messorio = 100% Merlot
* Scrio = 100% Syrah
All IGT Toscana
177
Le Pergola Torte
Montevertine
Radda in Chianti
* 100% Sangiovese
* 18 months in lg Slavonian Oak, finishes 6m in sm French barrique
178
Il Carbonaione
Poggio Scalette
* 100% Sangiovese
* IGT Alta Valle della Greve
179
Saffredi
Fattoria le Pupille
* 80% Cab Sauv, 10% Merlot, 10% Petit Verdot
* IGT Toscana (IGT Maremma 2008 and prior)
180
Sassicaia
Tenuta San Guido
* 85% Cab Sauv, 15% Cab Franc
* 1968
* Castigneto Carducci
181
Poggio di Sotto, Ciacci Piccolomini d’Aragona, Uccelliera, Stella di Campolto ----- are in what BDM subzone?
Castelnuovo dell'Abate
