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Path - Micro > Fungal infections > Flashcards

Fungal infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is topical treatment for oral thrush

A

nystatin

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2
Q

what is topical treatment for vulvovaginitis/localised cutaneous candida

A

cotrimazole

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3
Q

what was ORAL treatment for vulvovaginitis / oesophagitis

A

fluconazole

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4
Q

what does Candida albicans form on a fungal colony

A

GERM TUBE

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5
Q

what skin condition is candida secondary to

A

seborrhoeic dermatitis

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6
Q

how do you diagnose candida

A

skin swab
blood culture - Sabouraud agar
beta-D glucan assay

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7
Q

how long should you give an anti fungal for

A

min 2 eels

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8
Q

what kind of cryptococcus affects immunodeficient people

A

C neoformans (A,D)

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9
Q

what cryptococcus affects immonocompetent

A

C gatti (B,C)

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10
Q

What bird is cryptococcus associated with

A

pigeons

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11
Q

what stain is used for cryptococcus

A

india ink

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12
Q

what is the most popular top modern test for cryptococcus now

A

enzyme immunoassay

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13
Q

how to you treat cryptococcs

A

amphotericin B 3 weeks
+- flucytosine 2 weeks
fluconazole consolidation for 8 weeks min
maintenance low dose fluconazole 1 year

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14
Q

What is an aspergilloma

A

fungus ball forming in previous TB region

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15
Q

How do you treat aspergillosis

A

AMPHOTERICIN IV 6 wks

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16
Q

How do you treat PCP pneumonia

A

co-trimoxazole

17
Q

who do mycormycoses affect

A

immunosuppressed, diabetic patients

18
Q

what fungal species cause mycormycoses

A

mucorales e.g. rhizopus

19
Q

what are features of mycormycoses

A

cellulitis of orbit / face > discharge of black pus from palate and nose

Retro-Orbital extension causes proptosis, chemises, ophthalmoplegia, blindness

20
Q

How do you investigate mycormycoses

A

ISOLATE FROM TISSUE BIOPSY (swab is insufficient)

21
Q

What antibioptics are used for mycormycoses

A

ambisone / pocomazone

22
Q

how do you diagnose fungal infection e.g. tinea pedis

A

skin scraping

23
Q

what is pityriasis versicoloured

A

differential for vitiligo

characterised by discolouration of skin

24
Q

What is causative agent for pityriasis versicolor

A

malassezia furfural

25
Q

how do you manage rhinocerebral mycormycoses

A

SURGICAL EMERGENCY - early referral to ENT + amphotericin, posaconazole

26
Q

what are examples of polyene antibiotics

A

amphotericin B

Nystatin

27
Q

What are examples of azole antifungals

A

ketoconazole
itraconazole
flucoconazile

28
Q

how do azaleas work

A

inhibit ergosterol production

29
Q

what is a side effect of azoles

A

abnormal LFT

30
Q

what are examples of echinocandins

A

caspofungin

micafungin

31
Q

what organism is resistant to echinocandins

A

cryptococcus

32
Q

what do echinocandins work well against

A

candida

aspergillus

33
Q

what is an example of a polyene

A

amphotericin B

Path - Micro (20 decks)

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