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Path - Micro > RTI > Flashcards

RTI Flashcards

1
Q

what are main organisms for CAP

A

strep pneumonia
H influenza
moraxella catarrhalis

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2
Q

what is the most common typical organism for CAP

A

strep pneumonia

h influenza

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3
Q

most common atypical organism for cap

A

legionella
mycoplasma
coxiella burrito

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4
Q

what is associated to coxiella burneti

A

exposure to farm animal

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5
Q

what is associated to chlamydia psittacosis

A

exposure to birds
splenomeg
rash
haemolytic anaemia

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6
Q

explain curb 65 score

A 
confusion 
urea >7
RR>30 
BP <90/60
65+ years old

score of 2 consider admitting
score >=3 manage as severe, consider ITU

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7
Q

what is bronchitis

A

inflammation of medium sized airways

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8
Q

what is CXR in bronchitis

A

normal

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9
Q

what are classical causes of cavitation on x ray

A

Staph aureus
Klebsiella
TB\

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10
Q

what is legionella pneumophilia grown on

A

buffered charcoal yeast extract

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11
Q

what is the stain for TB

A

auramine stain
Ziehl nelson

Red rods are ACID FAST BAVICILLI

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12
Q

what is the most common cause of HAP

A

enterobacteriacae (e coli, klebsiella9)

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13
Q

How do you diagnose pneumocystis jiroveci

A

broncheoalveolar lavage

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14
Q

what is pneumocystis jiroveci x ray like

A

bat wing shadowing

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15
Q

how do you treat pneumocystis jiroveci

A

co trimoxasole

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16
Q

pneumocystis jiroveci prophylaxis

A

co trimoxasole

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17
Q

what is treatment of invasive aspergillosis

A

amphotericin B

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18
Q

where is mycoplasma pneumoniae common in

A

institutions, military barracks

due to droplet spread

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19
Q

how do you treat mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Macrolide e.g. erythromycin

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20
Q

what is legionella pneumophilia associated with (in temrs of envirionment)

A

Legionnaires disease - due to air conditioning

This organism colonises water piping systems including air conditioning.

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21
Q

How is legionella pneumophilia infection aquired

A

Infection is acquired by inhalation, human to human transmission does not occur.

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22
Q

What electrolyte result occurs with legionella

A

HYPOnatraemia

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23
Q

How do you investigate legionella

A

urinary antigen

24
Q

How is the x ray different in pneumonia vs bronchitis

A

Pneuimonia: CXR abvnormal
Bronchitis: CXR normal

25
Q

Who does bronchitis occur in

A

smokers

26
Q

what is the presentation of bronchitis (by definition)

A

cough with sputum most days for 3 months, for. 2 or more consecutive years

27
Q

What are organisms causing bronchitis

A

Viral

OR

Bacterial (S. pneumonia, H influenza, M catarrhalis)

28
Q

How do you manage bronchitis

A

Broncodilation

Physiotherapy + antibiotics 1

29
Q

How do you manage pneumonia

A

Supportive + antibiotics based on CURB-65

30
Q

What is the difference between atypical and typical bacteria in pneumonia

A 
Typical = respond to penicillin Abx 
Atypical= do not respond to penicillin
31
Q

What is associations of Strep pneumonia

A

Rusty colooured sputum
USually lobar
Vaccinate people at risk

32
Q

What is association with H influenza / M catarrhalis

A

smokers

33
Q

What is association of S aureus pneumonia

A

recent viral infection (post-INFLUENZA)

with cavitation on CXR

34
Q

What is seen on the microscope for S aureus

A

grape bunch clusters

35
Q

What is associations of Klebsiella pneumonia

A

Alcoholism, elderly, haemoptysis

36
Q

Why do atypical organisms not respond to penicillin antibiotics

A

because they have no cell wall
so they dont respond to penicillin Abx

Use macrolide + tetracycline instead

37
Q

What are 4 atypical pneumoniae

A

Legionella pneumophilia
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Chlamydia pneumonia
Chlyamydia psittaci

38
Q

Explain associations of legionella pneumophilia

A

Travel, conferences
Air conditioning
Water towers
HEPATITIS, HYPONATRAEMIA

39
Q

Explain associations of mycoplasma penumonia

A 
Uni students / boarding schools 
Systemic symptoms 
Dry cough 
Arthralgia
Cold agglultinin test 
Erythema multiforme
Risk SJS, AIHA
40
Q

What are associations of Bordatella pertussis

A

Whooping cough in unvaccinated esp TRAVELLERS

41
Q

What are resp tract infections associated with HIV

A

PCP, TB, cryptococcus neoformans

42
Q

What are resp tract infections associated with neutropoenia

A

Fungi - ASPERGILLLUS

43
Q

What are resp tract infection with BM treatment

A

Aspergillus

CMV

44
Q

What are resp tract infection with splenectomy

A

Encapsulated organisms (NHS)

45
Q

What does PCP look like on silver stain?

A

BOAT SHAPED

46
Q

What investigation can you get for Strep pneumonia ad legionella

A

Urine atigen test

47
Q

What investigations can you get for Chlaamydia and legionella

A

Antibody test (paired serum samples)

48
Q

How do you manage a mild-moderate pneumonia? (CURB 0,1)

A

Outpatient
PO Amoxicillin
— or macrolide if allergic

49
Q

How do you manage severe pneumonia (3-5)

A

co-amoxiclav + clarythromycin IV (penicillin + macrolide)

50
Q

How do you manage atypical pneumonia

A

Macrolide / tetracycline

51
Q

What is management for HAP

A

ciprifloxacin + vancomycin

52
Q

How do you manage legionella

A

Macrolide + rifampicin

53
Q

How do you manage S aureus

A

Fluclox

54
Q

How do you manage MRSA pneumonia

A

Vancomycin

55
Q

What is the most common cause of viral pneumonia

A

Influenza. A

Path - Micro (20 decks)

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