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Path - Micro > Mycobacterial disease > Flashcards

Mycobacterial disease Flashcards

1
Q

What staining can you use for mycobacteria

A

acid-alcohol fast (resist decoloration by alcohol)

AAuramine
Ziehl Neelsen

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2
Q

What is transmission for non tuberculous mycobacteria

A

NOT person to person

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3
Q

what mycobacteria is associated with cardiothoracic procedures

A

mycobacterium chimera

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4
Q

what mycobacterium is associated with swimming pool granuloma

A

mycobacterium marinum

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5
Q

what mycobacterium is associated with skin ulcers

A

mycobacterium ulcerans

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6
Q

what is treatment for NTM

A

MACROLIDE

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7
Q

what is treatment for mycobacterium avian intracellulare

A

clarythromycin + rifampicin + ethambutol

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8
Q

what pathogen causes leprosy

A

mycobacterium leprae

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9
Q

what are three options that occur when you come into contact with TB patient

A

infected
latently infected
not infected at all

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10
Q

what can occur 5 years after initial TB infection

A

Post primary TB

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11
Q

what does pulmonary TB cause

A

caveating granulomas

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12
Q

what does extra pulmonary TB cause

A

lymphadenitis (scrofula, abscesses, CERVICAL lymph nodes)
GI (swallowing of tubercles)
Bone and joint

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13
Q

What is TB to the spine called

A

Potts disease

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14
Q

what is miliary TB

A

overwhelming seeding
millet seeds on CXR
haematogeneous TB

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15
Q

how do you investigate TB

A

CXR
sputum x3 > culture
broncoscopy
biopsies

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16
Q

how do you detect latent TB

A

tuberculin skin test

IGRA assay

17
Q

what is the histological hallmark of TB

A

caveating granulomata

18
Q

what test for latent TB is better if you have had BCG

A

IGRA

because TST cross reacts with BCG

19
Q

what is TB treatment

A

RIPE
rifampicin + isoniazid 6 months
pyrazinamide + ethambutol 2 months

20
Q

what is the side effect of rifampicin

A

orange secretions > can be used to assess adherence

21
Q

what is the side effect of isoniazid

A

peripheral neuropathy

22
Q

what can you give to counter the effect of isoniazid

A

pyridoxine

23
Q

what is the side effect of ethambutol

A

optic neuritis

24
Q

what is the side effect of pyrazinamide

A

hepatotoxic

25
Q

How do you culture TB

A

culture TB on Lowenstein-Jensen medium for 6 weeks (gold standard)

26
Q

what is the BCG vaccine made up of

A

attenuated strain of M bovis

27
Q

What is the pathogen causing leprosy, and what is another name for this disease

A

Hansen’s disease

Mycobacterium leprae

28
Q

what does leprosy present as

A

skin depigmentation, nodules, trophic ulcers, nerve thickening

29
Q

What is the disability in leprosy due to

A

nerve damage

30
Q

Who does M. marinum occur in

A

aquarium owners

31
Q

How does M marinum present

A

as papules / plaques

32
Q

WHere does M ulcerans present

A

in the tropics / AUstralia

33
Q

How does M ulcerans present

A

painless nodules, progress to ulceration, scarring and contractures

Path - Micro (20 decks)

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