Qs

Question 1

How can you remember sx of brucellosis?

Answer 1

picturing an old man called Bruce:

walking with a stick due to his back and muscle pain (arthralgia, myalgia, sacroilitis),
feeling down (depression),
looking thin (anorexia),
sweating (fevers),
with lots of protruding lumps (hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy)!

Question 2

Which marker for Hep B indicates high infectivity

Answer 2

HbeAg

Question 3

Explain the malaria life cycle from anopheles to human

Answer 3

1. DURING BLOOD MEAL Anopheles inoculates SPOROZOITES into human host
2. SPOROZOITES infect hepatocytes to become SCHIZONTS
3. SCHIZONTS contain MEROZOITES. They rupture and release MEROZOITES
4. MEROZOITES infect RBC (erythrocytic phase) > multiply further > released at intervals, causing interval fever
5. In RBC, Ring stage TROPHOZOITES also mature into SCHIZONTS, which rupture to release MEROZOITES

Question 4

What are sporozoites

Answer 4

form of malaria into mosquito, which infects human host

Question 5

What are schizonts

Answer 5

what sporozoites become once they get to hepatocytes

Question 6

What do schizonts c ontain

Answer 6

merozoites

Question 7

What do merozoites infect? what is the outcome of this=?

Answer 7

they infect RBC > INTERVAL FEVER, INFECTION

Question 8

What are hynozoites

Answer 8

dormant phase of P. vivax and P. ovale (instead of developing merozoites immediately)- persist in liver (if untreated), cause relapses by invading bloodstream weeks/years later