Gastrointestinal agents

Question 1

Types of gastrointestinal agents

Answer 1

Gas
Anti-diarrheals
Laxatives
Antiemetic agents
Anti-ulcer agents (Antacids, Histamine-2 blockers, Proton pump inhibitors, Antibiotics, Miscellaneous)

Question 2

Generic name: simethicone

Answer 2

Brand name: Mylicon drops (Over the counter)
Brand name: Gas X, Phazyme (Over the counter)
-treats flatulence by collapsing gas bubbles in the GI tract

Question 3

Anti-diarrheals

Answer 3

bismuth subgallate
loperamide
kaolin/attapulgite
opium tincture
diphenoxylate

Question 4

Generic name: bismuth subgallate

Answer 4

Brand name: Pepto-Bismol (OTC)

Anti-diarrheal

Question 5

Generic name: loperamide

Answer 5

Brand name: Imodium (OTC)

Anti-diarrheal

Question 6

Generic name: kaolin/attapulgite

Answer 6

Brand name: Kaopectate (OTC)

Anti-diarrheal

Question 7

Generic name: opium tincture

Answer 7

Brand name: Paregoric (Rx Class III)

Anti-diarrheal

Question 8

Generic name: diphenoxylate

Answer 8

Brand name: Lomotil (Rx Class V)

Anti-diarrheal

Question 9

Types of laxatives

Answer 9

Stool softeners/Lubricants/Saline
Stimulants
Bulk-forming
Bowel evacuants

Question 10

Generic name: docusate sodium

Answer 10

Brand name: Colace (OTC)

Stool softner/Lubricant/Saline

Question 11

Generic name: lactulose

Answer 11

Brand name: Enulose, Cephulac, Generlac (Rx)

Stool softner/Lubricant/Saline

Question 12

Generic name: mineral oil

Answer 12

Brand name: Kondremul (OTC)

Stool softner/Lubricant/Saline

Question 13

Generic name: magnesium hydroxide

Answer 13

Brand name: Milk of Magnesia (MOM) - OTC
Stool softner/Lubricant/Saline
Antacid

Question 14

Generic name: sodium phosphate

Answer 14

Brand name: Phospho-soda (OTC)

Stool softner/Lubricant/Saline

Question 15

Generic name: glycerin suppositories

Answer 15

Brand name: Fleet suppositories (OTC)

Stool softner/Lubricant/Saline

Question 16

Generic name: bisacodyl

Answer 16

Brand name: Dulcolax (OTC)

Stimulant

Question 17

Generic name: castor oil

Answer 17

Brand name: castor oil (OTC)

Stimulant

Question 18

Generic name: senna

Answer 18

Brand name: Senokot (OTC)

Stimulant

Question 19

Generic name: casanthrol/docusate

Answer 19

Brand name: Peri-Colace (OTC)

Stimulant

Question 20

Generic name: polycarbophil

Answer 20

Brand name: FiberCon (OTC)

Bulk-forming

Question 21

Generic name: methylcellulose

Answer 21

Brand name: Citrucel (OTC)

Bulk-forming

Question 22

Generic name: psyllium

Answer 22

Brand name: Metamucil (OTC)

Bulk-forming

Question 23

Generic name: polyethylene-glycol (PEG)

Answer 23

Brand name: GoLYTEly, NuLytely, TriLyte, HalfLytely (Rx)

Bowel evacuant

Question 24

Generic name: chlorpromazine

Answer 24

Brand name: Thorazine (Rx)

Antiemetic agent

Question 25

Generic name: dimenhydrinate

Answer 25

Brand name: Dramamine (OTC) | Antiemetic agent

Question 26

Generic name: granisetron

Answer 26

Brand name: Kytril (Rx) | Antiemetic agent

Question 27

Generic name: hydroxyzine

Answer 27

Brand name: Atarax (Rx) Antiemetic agent Will cause dry mouth and dizziness

Question 28

Generic name: meclizine

Answer 28

Brand name: Antivert, Bonine (OTC) Antiemetic agent Will cause dry mouth and dizziness

Question 29

Generic name: metoclopramide

Answer 29

Brand name: Reglan (Rx) | Antiemetic agent

Question 30

Generic name: ondansetron

Answer 30

Brand name: Zofran (Rx) Antiemetic agent Will cause drowsiness

Question 31

Generic name: prochlorperazine

Answer 31

Brand name: Compazine (Rx) | Antiemetic agent

Question 32

Generic name: promethazine

Answer 32

Brand name: Phenergan (Rx) Antiemetic agent Will cause drowsiness

Question 33

Generic name: trimethobenzamide

Answer 33

Brand name: Tigan (Rx) | Antiemetic agent

Question 34

Generic name: diphenhydramine

Answer 34

Brand name: Benadryl (OTC) Antiemetic agent Will cause drowsiness

Question 35

Generic name: scopolamine

Answer 35

Brand name: Transderm Scop (Rx) Antiemetic agent 1 patch behind ear every 72 hours

Question 36

GI ulcer

Answer 36

Occurs due to loss of tissue lining those parts of the digestive tract exposed to gastric acids. Anti-ulcer agents work by either reducing the secretion of gastric acids (H2 antagonists) or by coating the lining of the stomach and small intestine to protect it from the adverse effects of stomach acids Causes: Excess stomach acid, cigarette smoking, bacteria H. pylori, aspirin, NSAIDS, and stress

Question 37

Antacids

Answer 37

Take 1 hour after a meal to neutralize the stomach acid for 2 hours. Active ingredients: Magnesium, Aluminum, or Calcium carbonate -Magnesium causes diarrhea -Aluminum causes constipation Concern: absorb other drugs, which reduces their effect in the body --> Space apart drugs as far as possible.

Question 38

Generic name: aluminum hydroxide

Answer 38

Brand name: Amphojel, Alternagel (OTC) | Antacid

Question 39

Generic name: aluminum-magnesium

Answer 39

Brand name: Maalox, Mylanta (OTC) | Antacid

Question 40

Generic name: magnesium trisulcate

Answer 40

Brand name: Gelusil (OTC) | Antacid

Question 41

Histamine-2 blockers

Answer 41

``` Block the histamine receptors in the GI tract, which reduces production of acid from other cells cimetidine nizatidine ranitidine famotidine ```

Question 42

Generic name: cimetidine

Answer 42

Brand name: Tagamet (OTC and Rx) | Histamine-2 blocker

Question 43

Generic name: nizatidine

Answer 43

Brand name: Axid (OTC and Rx) | Histamine-2 blocker

Question 44

Generic name: ranitidine

Answer 44

Brand name: Zantac (OTC and Rx) | Histamine-2 blocker

Question 45

Generic name: famotidine

Answer 45

Brand name: Pepcid (OTC and Rx) | Histamine-2 blocker

Question 46

Proton pump inhibitors

Answer 46

``` Reduce acid more vigorously than histamine-2 blockers. Rx only. lansoprazole omeprazole pantoprazole esomeprazole rabeprazole ```

Question 47

Generic name: lansoprazole

Answer 47

Brand name: Prevacid (Rx) | Proton pump inhibitor

Question 48

Generic name: omeprazole

Answer 48

Brand name: Prilosec (OTC and Rx) | Proton pump inhibitor

Question 49

Generic name: pantoprazole

Answer 49

Brand name: Protonix (Rx) | Proton pump inhibitor

Question 50

Generic name: esomeprazole

Answer 50

Brand name: Nexium (Rx) | Proton pump inhibitor

Question 51

Generic name: rabeprazole

Answer 51

Brand name: Aciphex (Rx) | Proton pump inhibitor

Question 52

Generic name: misprostol

Answer 52

Brand name: Cytotec (Rx) | Miscellaneous ulcer care

Question 53

Generic name: bismuth subsalicylate

Answer 53

Brand name: Pepto-Bismol (OTC) | Miscellaneous ulcer care

Question 54

Generic name: sucralfate

Answer 54

Brand name: Carafate (Rx) | Miscellaneous ulcer care

Question 55

Generic name: alginic acid

Answer 55

Brand name: Gaviscon (OTC) | Miscellaneous ulcer care

Question 56

Generic name: mesalamine

Answer 56

Brand name: Rowasa, Asacol, Pentasa (Rx) | Miscellaneous ulcer care

Question 57

Generic name: sulfasalazine

Answer 57

Brand name: Azulfidine (Rx) | Miscellaneous ulcer care

Question 58

synergy

Answer 58

Combination of drugs produces a greater effect than each drug separately. ex> Pepto-bismol + Prilosec + Amoxil = better heartburn and ulcer treatment