Gastrointestinal System Flashcards by Amanda Curti

alimentary canal

the long tube in the body through which food passes after it is eaten

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anus

Final sphincter in the GI tract

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appendix

a worm-shaped pouch attached to the large intestine

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cecum

firsts part of the large intestine

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colon

aka large intestine

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defecation

The process of releasing feces from the body. Bowel movement (BM)

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deglutition

Swallowing

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digestion

The breakdown of food

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esphagus

A muscular, mucus-lined tube that extends from the throat to the stomach.

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gallbladder

small sac found on the underside of the right lobe of the liver

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large intestine

aka colon. Eliminates waste products from the body

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liver

2 lobes form the liver. Filters and stores blood and forms bile, which emulsifies or mechanically breaks down fat into smaller particles so they can be chemically digested

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mastication

Chewing

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oral cavity

Food normally enters the body through the mouth and cavity.

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pancreas

gland located in the upper left quadrant

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peristalsis

is a radially symmetrical contraction and relaxation of muscles which propagates in a wave down a muscular tube, in an anterograde fashion

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pylorus

a muscular valve that holds food in the stomach until it is ready for the next stage in the digestive process

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rectum

Last straight part of the colon

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sigmoid colon

S-shaped part of the large intestine

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small intestine

The small intestine is a long, highly convoluted tube in the digestive system that absorbs about 90% of the nutrients from the food we eat

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stomach

the internal organ in which the major part of the digestion of food occurs, being (in humans and many mammals) a pear-shaped enlargement of the alimentary canal linking the esophagus to the small intestine

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no, not, without

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dia-

complete, through

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dys-

abnormal bad

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endo-

within

peri-

surrounding

re-

back

-chezia

condition of stools

-ectomy

removal, excision

-emesis

vomiting

-flux

flowing/ flow

-itis

inflammation

-pepsia

digestion

-phagia

eating, swallowing

-rrhaphy

suture

-rrhea

discharge, flow

-scopy

process of viewing

-stalis

contraction

-stomy

new opening

-tresia

condition of an opening

append/o, appendic/o

appendix

cholecyst/o

gallbladder

co/o, colon/o

colon

dent/i, odont/o

tooth

enter/o

small intestine

esophag/o

esophagus

gastr/o

stomach

hemat/o

blood

hepat/o

liver

herni/o

hernia

or/o

mouth, oral cavity

pancreat/o

pancreas

proct/o

rectum and anus

py/o

pus

pylor/o

pylorus

anastomosis

New connection between two hollow structures

appendicitis

inflammation of the vermiform appendix

barium enema

lower gastrointestinal (GI) examination, is an X-ray examination of the large intestine

cholecystectomy

Surgical removal of the gallbladder

colonoscopy

Viewing the lining of the colon

diarrhea

Abnormal discharge of watery, semisolid stools

diverticulosis

Development of diverticula, pouches in the lining of small or large intestine

dyspepsia

aka Indigestion is a mild discomfort in the upper belly or abdomen,it occurs during or right after eating.

dyshpagia

Difficulty with swallowing that may be due to an obstruction or a motor disorder

endoscopy

internal visualization of the body with an instrument called an endoscope. Enters the GI tract through many different opening

esophageal atresia

Esophagus that ends in a blind pouch and therefore lacks and opening into the stomach

gastroenteritis

your stomach and intestines are irritated and inflamed

gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD

Flowing back, return of the contents of the stomach to the esophagus

hermatemesis

Vomiting of blood

hematochezia

Bright red, frank lower GI bleeding from the rectum that may originate in the distal colon. Bloody stools

hemoccult test

screening test which detects blood in the stool

hemorrhoid

Varicose vein in the lower rectum or anus

hepatitis

Inflammaton of the liver that is caused by an increasing number of viruses, alcohol, and drugs

herniorrhaphy

Hernia repair, suture of the hernia

ileus

Obstruction, lack of movement

inguinal hernia

Protrusion of a loop of intestine into the inguinal canal. May be indirect or direct

melena

Black, tarry stools caused by the presence of partially digested blood.

periodontal disease

Pathologic condition of the tissues surrounding the teeth

polyp

Benign growth that may occur in the intestines

pyloric stenosis

Condition in which the muscle between the stomach and the small intestine narrows or falls to open adequate to allow partially digested food into the duodenum

pyorrhea

Purulent discharge from the tissue surrounding the teeth, often seen with gingivitis

Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

(81 cards)