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From Flashcardlet > GEO 105: Exam #2 > Flashcards

GEO 105: Exam #2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the element that makes up most of the mass of solar photoelectric cells?

A

Silicon.

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2
Q

What are some advantages that Hydropower has over the other energy sources?

A

Produces electricity as it is needed.

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3
Q

What is the relationship between power loss due to heat with amperage and resistance?

A

Power loss is proportional to the square of the amperage (Ploss = (I^2)R).

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4
Q

What process produces sunlight?

A

Fusion of Hydrogen.

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5
Q

What substance spins the turbine in an electric power plant to generate electricity?

A

Steam.

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6
Q

What serves as fuel for the Indian Point Energy Center?

A

Water.

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7
Q

What is a smart grid?

A

Class of tech people are using to bring utility electricity delivery systems into the 21st century using computer-based remote control and automation.

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8
Q

What advantages does wind energy have over other energy sources?

A
  • Multiple land uses

- No CO2 emissions

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9
Q

What nuclear reaction is commonly used to produce electricity?

A

Fission.

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10
Q

What type of particle is needed to collide with other nuclei to sustain fission chain reactions?

A

Neutrons.

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11
Q

What type of nuclear decay emits a particle equal to helium?

A

Alpha Decay.

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12
Q

What is most commonly used for fuel in Nuclear Fission Reactors in the US?

A

Uranium-235.

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13
Q

What country derives 75% of electricity from nuclear power?

A

France.

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14
Q

What do control rods do in a nuclear reactor?

A

Control the rate of chain reactions or halt it.

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15
Q

Which of the four economic energy sectors uses the least electricity in the US?

A

Transportation Section.

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16
Q

What is the most common nuclear reactor design currently in operation in the world?

A

Pressurized Water Reactors.

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17
Q

What type of organisms are used to produce biogas in an anaerobic digester?

A

Anaerobic bacteria.

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18
Q

What is suitable for short term storage of electric power, but not long term?

A

Flywheels.

19
Q

A coulomb is a unit of what?

A

Electric charge.

20
Q

What is the primary source of energy for the world’s largest power station?

A

Hydropower at Three Georges Dam, China.

21
Q

What’s the difference between Direct Current and Alternating Current?

A
  • DC: One way

- AC: Back and Forth

22
Q

What element is added to the element in crystals of solar cells for doping the N layer?

A

Phosphorus.

23
Q

What element is added to the element in crystals of solar cells for doping the P layer?

A

Boron.

24
Q

What factor is the power produced by the wind turbine multiplied if the speed of wind flowing through an ideal turbine doubled?

A

Octupled.

25
Q

What is the value of the Solar Constant?

A

1366 w/m^2.

26
Q

What numerical quantity of solar power reaches a square meter of the Earth’s surface where the sun is directly overhead on a clear day?

A

~1000 w/m^2.

27
Q

What country derived 39% of its electricity from wind energy in 2014?

A

Denmark.

28
Q

What challenges would a major increase in the use of electric vehicles pose for the electric grid?

A

Demand more electricity.

29
Q

How could a smart grid benefit from an increase in the use of electric vehicles?

A

Batteries could serve as electric storage devices when plugged in at night.

30
Q

How many electrons are in the outer shell of Silicon?

A

4.

31
Q

What are some disadvantages of nuclear fission energy?

A

Low energy released.

32
Q

What are some advantages of nuclear fusion energy?

A
  • Higher energy density

- Huge fuel source of deuterium

33
Q

What are some disadvantages of nuclear fusion energy?

A
  • Huge cost
  • Uncertain future
  • Mildly readioactive
34
Q

What substance is converted to Plutonium-239 by a breeder reactor?

A

238-U.

35
Q

What is the Betz limit?

A

No wind turbine can convert more than 16/27 (59.3%) of kinetic energy to turn a rotor.

36
Q

What effect does beta-minus decay have on the number of protons in an atomic-nucleus?

A

Increase by 1.

37
Q

What is the purpose of a moderator in a nuclear reactor?

A

Slows down neutrons released from fission so that they can cause more fissions with additional atoms (chain reactions).

38
Q

What isotope makes up over 99% of natural uranium?

A

238-U Isotope.

39
Q

What part of the body does Strontium-90 get deposited in if ingested?

A

Bone/Bone Marrow.

40
Q

What was the worst nuclear reactor accident?

A

Chernobyl.

41
Q

How is a fast neutron reactor able to produce less transuranic waste than slow reactors?

A
  • Convert 238-U to 239-U
42
Q

What is the Lawson Criterion?

A
  • Heating of plasma by the products of fusion reactions is sufficient to maintain the temperature of plasma against losses without external power input.
  • Confinement time (s) x Particles/10^3 > = 10^ 14 particles sec/cm^3
43
Q

What is a Heliostat?

A

A large, movable mirror.

44
Q

How is the direction of current flow relatable to the direction of flow of electrons in a metal wire that is part of a circuit?

A

Opposite.

From Flashcardlet (104 decks)

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