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GI Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

GDV abbreviation

A

Gastric dilation / volvulus

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2
Q

GDV happens in …

A

Large and giant breed, deep-chested dogs

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3
Q

Volvulus

A

Twisted stomach

Enlarged stomach pushes on diaphragm —> dyspnea
􏰀 Also pushes on caudal vena cava 🡪 shock

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4
Q

Dilation

A

stomach distends with air, food, fluid

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5
Q

GDV Clinical signs

A

􏰀 Hypersalivation, nausea
􏰀 Abdominal pain/distention
􏰀 Increased HR/RR
􏰀 Weakness, collapse

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6
Q

GDV Dx

A

􏰀 Hx and PE
􏰀 Radiographs 🡪 R lateral, air filled, boxing glove appearance

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7
Q

GDV Tx

A

Aggressive tx of schlock alleviate dissension
Surgical correction anitipbtocs /drug therapy

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8
Q

Aggressive tx of shock

A

􏰀 1 jugular or 2 cephalic large gauge catheters
􏰀 Shock dose fluids
􏰀 Drug therapy

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9
Q

Alleviate distention

A

􏰀 Stomach tube (dilatation only)
􏰀 18-g needle trocar (emergency)

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10
Q

Surgical correction GDV

A

􏰀 Untwist stomach
􏰀 Stomach tube and gastric lavage
􏰀 Gastropexy

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11
Q

GDV POSTOPERATIVE CARE

A

􏰀 Monitor ECG
􏰀 Pain management
􏰀 Antibiotics
􏰀 Monitor fluid and electrolyte balance
􏰀 Drug therapy to control nausea and vomiting
􏰀 Reintroduce food slowly

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12
Q

Client information GDV

A

􏰀 Avoid feeding 1 meal per day
􏰀 Limit exercise prior to and after eating
􏰀 Gastropexy does not guarantee no future bloat episodes

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13
Q

Acute diarrhea

A

sudden onset, usually the result of a diet change, drug therapy, or any stress that may cause a disruption of the normal gut flora

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14
Q

Viral diarrhea

A

most commonly caused by parvovirus, distemper, coronavirus, or feline panleukopenia in young or unvaccinated animals

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15
Q

Bacterial diarrhea

A

invasion of and damage to the intestinal epithelium

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16
Q

Dietary intolerance/sensitivity diarrhea

A

immune-mediated (dietary sensitivity) nonimmunologic (dietary intolerance),
animal is unable to handle certain substances in their diet

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17
Q

Diarrhea dx

A

􏰀 Hx and PE
􏰀 Fecal exam +/- culture
􏰀 ELISA testing for viruses/parasites
􏰀 Dietary trial

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18
Q

Diarrhea tx

A

􏰀 Supportive: fluid therapy, GI rest, diet change
􏰀 Drug therapy: antibiotics, antiparasitic, intestinal adsorbents, GI protectants

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19
Q

Intussuaception occurs when …

A

the smaller, proximal segment of the intestine at the ileocecocolic junction invaginates into the larger, more distal segment of the large bowel*

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20
Q

Intussusception creates…

A

a partial to complete blockage 🡪 compromises blood supply 🡪 bowel necrosis*

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21
Q

Intussusception caused by

A

Idiopathic usually

But can occur due to parasitic infection, foreign bodies, infection and neoplasia

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22
Q

Dx Intussusception

A

Abdominal palpation
􏰀 Abdominal ultrasound
􏰀 Radiographs +/- contrast

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23
Q

Intussusception tx

A

􏰀 Surgical
􏰀 Drug therapy: antibiotics 􏰀 GI rest

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24
Q

Why is Intussusception more common at junction

A

Differentiation of size

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25
Megacolon common in
Cats
26
Megacolon
Distention of the colon as a result of obstipation (severe or complete constipation)
27
Megacolon caused by
Thought to be caused by a defect in the neurostimulation mechanism that promotes colon evacuation
28
Megacolon clinical signs
􏰀 Straining to defecate 􏰀 Vomiting 􏰀 Anorexia, dehydration 􏰀 Weakness 􏰀 Small, hard feces or liquid feces +/- blood and mucus
29
Megacolon dx
Radiography: colon width wider than the length of a lumbar vertebrae Palpation of a distended colon filled with firm, packed forces
30
Megacolon medical tx
􏰀 Drug therapy: stool softeners, GI stimulants 􏰀 Enemas
31
Megacolon dietary tx
􏰀 Increase fiber and water intake*
32
Megacolon tx by dvm
Deobstipation
33
Constipation
failure to or difficulty in passing feces*
34
Is constipation common
No
35
Constipation clinical signs
􏰀 Straining to defecate 􏰀 Anorexia +/- V 􏰀 Passing small amounts of hard, dry stool
36
Constipation dx
􏰀 Palpation – abdominal, rectal 􏰀 Radiographs 􏰀 Bloodwork – hydration, r/o disease
37
Constipation tx
􏰀 Enema 􏰀 Oral laxatives 􏰀 Fluid therapy 􏰀 Deobstipation
38
Leptospirosis zoonotic potentials
Zoonotic! 􏰀 Companion animals are an incidental host 􏰀 Skunk, raccoon, opossum and pigs are the natural host
39
Leptospirosis bacteria comes from
􏰀 Contaminated soil/water 􏰀 Shed in urine of infected animals
40
Leptospirosis clinical signs
􏰀 Acute renal failure 􏰀 Vomiting, dehydration 􏰀 Fever 􏰀 PD 􏰀 Jaundice 􏰀 Reluctance to move
41
Leptospirosis dx
Serology CBC/chem
42
Leptospirosis tx
-Supportive: IV fluids, +/- diuretics if oliguric 􏰀 -Antibiotics Urinary catheter—reduce amount of contamin.
43
Feline Hepatic Lipidosis common in
Hepatopathy in cats
44
Feline Hepatic Lipidosis
Prolonged anorexia 🡪 peripheral fat breakdown 🡪 liver can’t process fats fast enough 🡪 accumulation of fats within the hepatocytes
45
Feline hepatic lipidosis clinical signs
􏰀 Anorexic obese cat w/ weight loss 􏰀 Depression 􏰀 Sporadic vomiting 􏰀 Icterus
46
Fel hepatic lipidosis dx
􏰀 CBC/Chem: anemic, neutrophilic, 􏰀 radiographs ultrasound 􏰀 Liver biopsy
47
Fel hepatic lipidosis tx
􏰀 Nutritive support: feeding tube placed 􏰀 Drug therapy: IV fluids, anti-nausea, appetite stimulant 􏰀 Monitoring:, assess bloodwork, assess feeding tube, decrease feedings to stimulate appetite
48
Portosystemic Shunts (Congenital)
Vascular communications between the portal and venous systems that allow blood to bypass the liver
49
Portosystemic Shunts (Congenital) types
Intrahepatic vs extrahepatic
50
Clinical signs CNS portisystemic shunts
anorexia, depression, lethargy, episodic weakness, ataxia, head-pressing, circling, pacing, blindness, seizures, coma
51
GI clinical signs of portosystemic shunt
V/D, stunted growth, PU/PD
52
Urinalysis clinical signs of portosystemic shunt
urate urolithiasis, hematuria
53
Dx of portosystemic shunt
􏰀 CBC/Chem 􏰀 Radiographs: small liver 􏰀 Abdominal US: locate shunt
54
Portosystemic shunt tx medical
􏰀 Low-protein diet, lactulose, fluids, antibiotics
55
Pancreatitis
Digestive enzymes are activated w/in the gland 🡪 autodigestion 🡪 inflammation, tissue damage
56
Clinical signs of pancreatitis
􏰀 Obesity 􏰀 Depression, anorexia, V +/- D 􏰀 Dehydration 􏰀 Fever 􏰀 +/- abdominal pain
57
Pancreatitis caused by
drugs, disruption of GI flora, parasites, tumors, trauma
58
Pancreatitis dx
CBC/Chem, pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (PLI)
59
Pancreatitis tx
􏰀 GI rest: 3-4 days 􏰀 Fluids and electrolytes 􏰀 Drug therapy: pain, antibiotics, anti-emetics, GI protectants
60
Perineal hernia
Neurogenic atrophy of the levator ani muscle herniation of the rectum and other pelvic organs in ischiorectal fossa
61
Perineal hernia common in
intact male dogs >8 years old
62
Perineal hernia clinic signs
􏰀 perineal swelling 􏰀 Tenesmus (frequent need to defecate) 􏰀 Dyschezia (painful/difficult defecation) 􏰀 urethral obstruction if bladder involvement
63
Perineal hernia dx
Reveal palpation
64
Perineal hernia tx
􏰀 Medical: stool softeners, enemas 􏰀 Surgical: herniorrhaphy, castration

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