Urinary Diseases

Question 1

Fel cystitis AKA

Answer 1

feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD)

Question 2

2 forms of feline cystitis

Answer 2

􏰀 Ulcerative and non ulcerative, or
􏰀 Obstructive and nonobstructive

Question 3

Fel cystitis timeframe

Answer 3

􏰀 Resolves in 7-10 days
+/- recur

Question 4

Feline cystitis goal with diet change

Answer 4

dilute urine w/o ↑ pH

Question 5

Feline cystitis clinical signs

Answer 5

􏰀 Hematuria
􏰀 Dysuria
􏰀 More frequent urination (small volumes)

Question 6

Feline cystitis dx

Answer 6

􏰀 Urinalysis (r/o bacterial cause)
􏰀 Contrast radiographs: normal or thickened bladder wall

Question 7

Feline cystitis tx

Answer 7

􏰀 Diet change
􏰀 Drug therapy: analgesics

Question 8

K9 cystitis AKA

Answer 8

bacterial cystitis, urinary tract infection (UTI)
Most common

Question 9

Common K9 cystitis cause

Answer 9

migration of bacteria up the urethra

Question 10

Iatrogenic infections

Answer 10

􏰀 Poor urinary catheter placement technique
􏰀 Improper indwelling urinary catheter maintenance

Question 11

K9 cystitis clinical signs

Answer 11

􏰀 Increased frequency of urination 􏰀 Hematuria
􏰀 Dysuria
􏰀 Cloudy urine, abnormal color
􏰀 Frequent licking of urethral area

Question 12

K9 cystitis dx

Answer 12

UA W/ C&S

Question 13

K9 cystitis tx

Answer 13

􏰀 Antibiotics (oral) based on C&S q8-12 hours
􏰀 Acute: 10-14 days
􏰀 Chronic: 4-6 weeks

Question 14

Urolithiasis

Answer 14

polycrystalline concretions composed of minerals
􏰀 Aka bladder stone

Question 15

Common uroliths in cats (2)

Answer 15

struvite (60%), calcium oxalate (27%)

Question 16

Common uroliths K9

Answer 16

struvite, calcium oxalate, Dalmatians - urate

Question 17

Urolithiasis clinical signs

Answer 17

􏰀 May be asymptomatic
􏰀 Hematuria
􏰀 Dysuria (itchy /pain)
􏰀 Stranguria
􏰀 Inappropriate urination
􏰀 Vomiting

Question 18

Urolithiasis dx

Answer 18

􏰀 Urinalysis: crystalluria, hematuria, +/- bacteria
􏰀 Radiographs +/- contrast (not all stones are radiopaque)
􏰀 Ultrasound

Question 19

Medical Urolithiasis tx helps

Answer 19

􏰀 Struvite – dietary dissolution (reduce urine pH), 4-8 weeks
􏰀 +/- antibiotics

Question 20

Sx Urolithiasis tx

Answer 20

􏰀 Perineal urethrostomy – chronic obstructions, unable to clear urethral obstruction

Question 21

Obstructive Urolithiasis tx

Answer 21

􏰀 Buys time for dissolution or surgery

􏰀 Retrohydropropulsion

Question 22

Retrohydropropulsion

Answer 22

using a lubricated urinary catheter and fluid-filled syringe, obstruction is propelled back into the bladder (pain management!)

Question 23

Acute renal failure

Answer 23

An abrupt decrease in glomerular filtration 🡪 azotemia

Question 24

Acute renal failure result from

Answer 24

hypoperfusion or nephrotoxic injury

Question 25

Acute renal failure phases (3)

Answer 25

Induction Maintenance Recovery

Question 26

Acute renal failure Induction phase

Answer 26

the time from initial insult until decreased renal function is apparent

Question 27

Acute renal failure maintenance phase

Answer 27

the period during which renal tubular damage occurs

Question 28

Acute renal failure recovery phase

Answer 28

renal function improves, existing nephrons hypertrophy and compensate for those damaged, tubular repair occurs when possible

Question 29

Acute renal failure clinical signs

Answer 29

􏰀 Oliguria, polyuria 􏰀 +/- fever 􏰀 Kidneys painful on palpation 􏰀 V/D 􏰀 Dehydration

Question 30

Acute renal failure dx

Answer 30

􏰀 PE 􏰀 toxin exposure 􏰀 Urinalysis: active sediment, casts 􏰀 CBC/chem: ↑ PCV, ↑ BUN, creatinine, K, & P, acidosis

Question 31

Acute renal failure tx

Answer 31

􏰀 Diet 🡪 renal diet 􏰀 IV fluids 􏰀 Drug therapy: diuretics, intestinal protectants, +/- phosphate binders, sodium bicarbonate

Question 32

Chronic renal failure

Answer 32

Irreversible and progressive decline in renal function cause by destruction of the nephron

Question 33

Chronic renal failure progression

Answer 33

􏰀 Common disease of older pets 􏰀 Cats > dogs 􏰀 Course of the disease: months 🡪 years 􏰀 Many pets go undiagnosed until renal failure is severe

Question 34

Chronic renal failure client education

Answer 34

They need to understand this condition is permanent and progressive

Question 35

Clinical signs of chronic renal failure

Answer 35

􏰀 Dullness, lethargy, weakness 􏰀 Anorexia, weight loss 􏰀 V/D 􏰀 PU/PD 􏰀 +/- systemic hypertension

Question 36

Chronic renal failure dx

Answer 36

􏰀 CBC/Chem: acidosis, anemia, ↑ BUN, creatinine, P, & Ca 􏰀 UA: m

Question 37

Chronic renal failure tx

Answer 37

􏰀 IV or SQ fluids for dehydration 􏰀 Drug therapy 􏰀 Kidney diet