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Pansystemic Dz Flashcards

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1
Q

Feline Panleukopenia AKA

A

Feline distemper

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2
Q

Feline Panleukopenia caused by

A

DNA virus closely related
to canine parvovirus

Young, unvaccinated cats and feral cats

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3
Q

Feline Panleukopenia transmission

A

Direct contact or contaminated
environment

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4
Q

Feline Panleukopenia leads to

A

Multiplies w/in actively dividing cells of the neonatal brain, bone marrow, and lymphoid tissue πŸ‘ͺ destruction of cells

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5
Q

Feline Panleukopenia signs

A

􏰀 Fever, depression, anorexia
􏰀 V/D
􏰀 Dehydration
􏰀 Fetal death, spontaneous abortion
􏰀 Cerebellar or retinal defects in neonates

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6
Q

Feline Panleukopenia dx

A

􏰀 CBC: moderate to severe panleukopenia
􏰀 + SNAP test
􏰀 Serum antibody titers

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7
Q

Feline Panleukopenia tx

A

Aggressive supportive therapy: fluids and electrolytes, tube or force feeding, broad-spectrum antibiotics

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8
Q

Feline Panleukopenia prevention

A

Vaccines

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9
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)

A

Disease of catteries and multi-cat households

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10
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) causes

A

τ°€ Catteries πŸ‘ͺ 80%-90% have antibodies to feline coronavirus (FECV)
􏰀 Shed virus intermittently
􏰀 Highly contagious through feces, urine and
saliva

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11
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) doesn’t occur w/out

A

FECV β€”-mutates πŸ‘ͺ FIP πŸ‘ͺ macrophages πŸ‘ͺ whole body

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12
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) forms

A

τ°€ Effusive or β€œwet” form (75%)
τ°€ Noneffusive or β€œdry” form
􏰀 Clinical progression more rapid

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13
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) prevention

A

􏰀 1 approved vaccine 􏰀 Effectiveness???

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14
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) clinical sign types

A

Wet and dry

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15
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) wet signs

A

􏰀 Ascites, pleural effusion
􏰀 Anorexia, depression, weight loss 􏰀 Dehydration
􏰀 +/- fever

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16
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) dry signs

A

􏰀 Fever of unknown origin
􏰀 Anorexia, depression, weight loss 􏰀 Ocular lesions
􏰀 Neurologic signs

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17
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) dx

A

􏰀 Clinical signs
􏰀 R/o other diseases
􏰀 Cytology/chemistry of abdominal and pleural fluid

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18
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) tx

A

􏰀 Supportive

 􏰀 Abdominocentesis, thoracocentesis
 􏰀 Drug therapy: steroids, antibiotics Immunotherapy drugs

Virtually every cat w/ confirmed FIP will die from the disease

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19
Q

Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)

A

Immunosuppressive retrovirus

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20
Q

Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) transmission

A

􏰀 Isolated from saliva, urine, tears, milk
􏰀 Spread through fighting, grooming, or exposure to contaminated food bowls, water, or litter pans
􏰀 Transplacental or transmammary

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21
Q

Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) types

A

Regressive
Progressive active

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22
Q

Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) regressive infection

A

cats become aviremic after a transient infection

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23
Q

Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) progressive infection

A

cats maintain a persistent viremia

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24
Q

Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) active infection

A

persistent viremia w/ clinical signs

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25
Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) signs
􏰀 Fever 􏰀 Anorexia, weight loss, V/D 􏰀 Anemia 􏰀 Secondary infections, renal disease, tumors of lymphoid origin, neurologic signs 􏰀 Spontaneous abortion
26
Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) dx
􏰀 + ELISA test 􏰀 CBC: nonregenerative anemia 􏰀 Clinical signs of recurring infections
27
FeLV tx
τ°€ No cure – supportive τ°€ Immunomodulator drugs τ°€ Antiviral drugs τ°€ Broad spectrum antibiotics τ°€ Appetite stimulants
28
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)
Morphologically and biochemically similar to HIV but is antigenically distinct
29
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) are they highly specific
Yes
30
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) transmission
􏰀 Highly species specific 􏰀 Fighting & bite wounds (intact male cats at greatest risk) 􏰀 Little to no sexual transmission 􏰀 No human health hazard
31
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) signs
􏰀 Hx of recurrent bouts of illness 􏰀 Cachexia, anorexia 􏰀 Gingivitis, stomatitis, pale MM 􏰀 Chronic, nonresponsive ear or skin infections 􏰀 V/D, chronic fever 􏰀 Ocular disease 􏰀 Neurologic disorders
32
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) dx
τ°€ Clinical hx τ°€ + ELISA test (not reliable in kittens <6mo old – colostral antibodies) τ°€ CBC: anemia, lymphopenia
33
FIV tx husbandry
􏰀 Keep affected cats indoors 􏰀 Isolate affected cats if aggressive toward other cats in the household 􏰀 Transmission from fomites or casual contact is unlikely
34
FIV medical tx
τ°€ No cure – supportive care τ°€ Immunomodulator drugs τ°€ Antiviral drugs
35
FIV prevention
τ°€ Keep cats indoors τ°€ No vaccine – discontinued in 2017
36
Toxoplasmosis caused by
Toxoplasma gondii 􏰀 Intracellular coccidian parasite 􏰀 Worldwide distribution
37
Toxoplasmosis common
30% - 60% of adult humans are seropositive for exposure
38
Toxoplasmosis zoonotic potential
Pregnant women of special concern
39
Toxoplasmosis transmission
􏰀 Eating contaminated meat from an intermediate host* 􏰀 Fecal-oral route 􏰀 Transplacental route
40
Toxoplasmosis signs
􏰀 Anorexia, weight loss 􏰀 Fever, lethargy 􏰀 V/D 􏰀 Icterus, respiratory disease, pancreatic disease, CNS disease 􏰀 Lameness 􏰀 Anterior uveitis, glaucoma 􏰀 Sudden death
41
Toxoplasmosis dx
􏰀 Chest radiographs 􏰀 CBC/Chem 􏰀 + ELISA test or titers
42
Toxoplasmosis tx
Antibiotics: Clindamycin BID for 2-3 weeks
43
Rabies def
Viral-induced neurologic disease of warm-blooded animals 􏰀 Retrovirus (RNA, not DNA) 􏰀 Worldwide
44
Rabies transmission
saliva of infected animal entering through a bite, open wound, or MM
45
Rabies stages
Prodromal Excitative β€”furious stage Paralytic stage
46
Rabies prodromal
Changes in behavior, greatest risk of exposure for humans
47
Rabies excitative stage
Hyperreactivity, unprovoked attacks of people and inanimate objects, stupor (β€œdumb rabies”)
48
Rabies paralytic
Ascending paralysis πŸ‘ͺ respiratory paralysis πŸ‘ͺ death
49
Rabies signs
􏰀 Behavioral changes, depression, stupor 􏰀 Hypersalivation, difficulty swallowing 􏰀 Hindlimb ataxia
50
Rabies dx
􏰀 Vaccine hx 􏰀 Postmortem exam of brain tissue 􏰀 + fluorescent antibody test
51
K9 distemper
contagious paramyxovirus τ°€ Relatively liable in the environment – most routine cleaning agents, disinfectants, and heat will destroy it
52
K9 distemper common in
Incidence greatest in dogs 3-6 months old 􏰀 Immunosuppression followed by the development of secondary infections
53
K9 distemper transmission
Aerosolized body secretions
54
K9 distemper viral strains
τ°€ Virulence: mild πŸ‘ͺ severe τ°€ Fatality rate as high as 90%
55
K9 distemper signs
􏰀 Fever, anorexia, dehydration 􏰀 V/D 􏰀 Cough, mucopurulent nasal and ocular discharge, pneumonia 􏰀 Foot pad hyperkeratosis 􏰀 Muscle twitching, ataxia, circling, blindness, seizures
56
K9 distemper dx
􏰀 PE and Hx 􏰀 Serology 􏰀 Fluorescent antibody test to detect the virus in epithelial cells
57
K9 distemper tx
supportive 􏰀 Antibiotics, fluids, nutrition support
58
K9 distemper b prevention
Vaccine
59
K9 distemper
Single-stranded, nonenveloped DNA virus 􏰀 Highly resistant, survives long periods of time in environment
60
Canine Parvovirus transmission
fecal-oral 􏰀 Primarily affects young, unvaccinated puppies
61
Canine Parvovirus hospital considerations
􏰀 Parvo until proven otherwise 􏰀 Isolation of cases 􏰀 Proper PPE 􏰀 Proper disposition/cleaning of waste, bedding, bowls, medical supplies
62
Canine Parvovirus signs
􏰀 Depression, lethargy, anorexia 􏰀 Vomiting, bloody diarrhea 􏰀 Dehydration 􏰀 Fever
63
Canine Parvovirus dx
τ°€ + fecal ELISA test τ°€ Serology: high CPV titer τ°€ CBC: marked lymphopenia and neutropenia, ↑ PCV τ°€ Chem: hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia
64
Canine Parvovirus tx
􏰀 IV fluids +/- electrolytes, +/- dextrose 􏰀 Antibiotics: IV or SQ 􏰀 Antiemetics 􏰀 Nutrition

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