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Clin Path > Pansystemic Dz > Flashcards

Pansystemic Dz Flashcards

1
Q

Feline Panleukopenia AKA

A

Feline distemper

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2
Q

Feline Panleukopenia caused by

A

DNA virus closely related
to canine parvovirus

Young, unvaccinated cats and feral cats

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3
Q

Feline Panleukopenia transmission

A

Direct contact or contaminated
environment

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4
Q

Feline Panleukopenia leads to

A

Multiplies w/in actively dividing cells of the neonatal brain, bone marrow, and lymphoid tissue 🡪 destruction of cells

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5
Q

Feline Panleukopenia signs

A

􏰀 Fever, depression, anorexia
􏰀 V/D
􏰀 Dehydration
􏰀 Fetal death, spontaneous abortion
􏰀 Cerebellar or retinal defects in neonates

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6
Q

Feline Panleukopenia dx

A

􏰀 CBC: moderate to severe panleukopenia
􏰀 + SNAP test
􏰀 Serum antibody titers

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7
Q

Feline Panleukopenia tx

A

Aggressive supportive therapy: fluids and electrolytes, tube or force feeding, broad-spectrum antibiotics

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8
Q

Feline Panleukopenia prevention

A

Vaccines

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9
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)

A

Disease of catteries and multi-cat households

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10
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) causes

A

􏰀 Catteries 🡪 80%-90% have antibodies to feline coronavirus (FECV)
􏰀 Shed virus intermittently
􏰀 Highly contagious through feces, urine and
saliva

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11
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) doesn’t occur w/out

A

FECV —-mutates 🡪 FIP 🡪 macrophages 🡪 whole body

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12
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) forms

A

􏰀 Effusive or “wet” form (75%)
􏰀 Noneffusive or “dry” form
􏰀 Clinical progression more rapid

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13
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) prevention

A

􏰀 1 approved vaccine 􏰀 Effectiveness???

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14
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) clinical sign types

A

Wet and dry

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15
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) wet signs

A

􏰀 Ascites, pleural effusion
􏰀 Anorexia, depression, weight loss 􏰀 Dehydration
􏰀 +/- fever

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16
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) dry signs

A

􏰀 Fever of unknown origin
􏰀 Anorexia, depression, weight loss 􏰀 Ocular lesions
􏰀 Neurologic signs

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17
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) dx

A

􏰀 Clinical signs
􏰀 R/o other diseases
􏰀 Cytology/chemistry of abdominal and pleural fluid

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18
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) tx

A

􏰀 Supportive

 􏰀 Abdominocentesis, thoracocentesis
 􏰀 Drug therapy: steroids, antibiotics Immunotherapy drugs

Virtually every cat w/ confirmed FIP will die from the disease

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19
Q

Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)

A

Immunosuppressive retrovirus

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20
Q

Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) transmission

A

􏰀 Isolated from saliva, urine, tears, milk
􏰀 Spread through fighting, grooming, or exposure to contaminated food bowls, water, or litter pans
􏰀 Transplacental or transmammary

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21
Q

Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) types

A

Regressive
Progressive active

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22
Q

Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) regressive infection

A

cats become aviremic after a transient infection

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23
Q

Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) progressive infection

A

cats maintain a persistent viremia

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24
Q

Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) active infection

A

persistent viremia w/ clinical signs

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25
Q

Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) signs

A

􏰀 Fever
􏰀 Anorexia, weight loss, V/D
􏰀 Anemia
􏰀 Secondary infections, renal disease, tumors of lymphoid origin, neurologic signs
􏰀 Spontaneous abortion

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26
Q

Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) dx

A

􏰀 + ELISA test
􏰀 CBC: nonregenerative anemia
􏰀 Clinical signs of recurring infections

27
Q

FeLV tx

A

􏰀 No cure – supportive
􏰀 Immunomodulator drugs
􏰀 Antiviral drugs
􏰀 Broad spectrum antibiotics
􏰀 Appetite stimulants

28
Q

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)

A

Morphologically and biochemically similar to HIV but is antigenically distinct

29
Q

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) are they highly specific

A

Yes

30
Q

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) transmission

A

􏰀 Highly species specific
􏰀 Fighting & bite wounds (intact male cats at greatest risk)
􏰀 Little to no sexual transmission
􏰀 No human health hazard

31
Q

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) signs

A

􏰀 Hx of recurrent bouts of illness
􏰀 Cachexia, anorexia
􏰀 Gingivitis, stomatitis, pale MM
􏰀 Chronic, nonresponsive ear or skin infections
􏰀 V/D, chronic fever
􏰀 Ocular disease
􏰀 Neurologic disorders

32
Q

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) dx

A

􏰀 Clinical hx
􏰀 + ELISA test (not reliable in kittens <6mo old – colostral antibodies)
􏰀 CBC: anemia, lymphopenia

33
Q

FIV tx husbandry

A

􏰀 Keep affected cats indoors
􏰀 Isolate affected cats if aggressive toward other cats in the household
􏰀 Transmission from fomites or casual contact is unlikely

34
Q

FIV medical tx

A

􏰀 No cure – supportive care
􏰀 Immunomodulator drugs
􏰀 Antiviral drugs

35
Q

FIV prevention

A

􏰀 Keep cats indoors
􏰀 No vaccine – discontinued in 2017

36
Q

Toxoplasmosis caused by

A

Toxoplasma gondii
􏰀 Intracellular coccidian parasite
􏰀 Worldwide distribution

37
Q

Toxoplasmosis common

A

30% - 60% of adult humans are seropositive for exposure

38
Q

Toxoplasmosis zoonotic potential

A

Pregnant women of special concern

39
Q

Toxoplasmosis transmission

A

􏰀 Eating contaminated meat from an intermediate host*
􏰀 Fecal-oral route
􏰀 Transplacental route

40
Q

Toxoplasmosis signs

A

􏰀 Anorexia, weight loss
􏰀 Fever, lethargy
􏰀 V/D
􏰀 Icterus, respiratory disease, pancreatic disease, CNS disease
􏰀 Lameness
􏰀 Anterior uveitis, glaucoma
􏰀 Sudden death

41
Q

Toxoplasmosis dx

A

􏰀 Chest radiographs
􏰀 CBC/Chem
􏰀 + ELISA test or titers

42
Q

Toxoplasmosis tx

A

Antibiotics: Clindamycin BID for 2-3 weeks

43
Q

Rabies def

A

Viral-induced neurologic disease of warm-blooded animals

􏰀 Retrovirus (RNA, not DNA)
􏰀 Worldwide

44
Q

Rabies transmission

A

saliva of infected animal entering through a bite, open wound, or MM

45
Q

Rabies stages

A

Prodromal
Excitative —furious stage
Paralytic stage

46
Q

Rabies prodromal

A

Changes in behavior, greatest risk of exposure for humans

47
Q

Rabies excitative stage

A

Hyperreactivity, unprovoked attacks of people and inanimate objects, stupor (“dumb rabies”)

48
Q

Rabies paralytic

A

Ascending paralysis 🡪 respiratory paralysis 🡪 death

49
Q

Rabies signs

A

􏰀 Behavioral changes, depression, stupor
􏰀 Hypersalivation, difficulty swallowing
􏰀 Hindlimb ataxia

50
Q

Rabies dx

A

􏰀 Vaccine hx
􏰀 Postmortem exam of brain tissue
􏰀 + fluorescent antibody test

51
Q

K9 distemper

A

contagious paramyxovirus
􏰀 Relatively liable in the environment – most routine cleaning agents, disinfectants, and heat will destroy it

52
Q

K9 distemper common in

A

Incidence greatest in dogs 3-6 months old
􏰀 Immunosuppression followed by the development
of secondary infections

53
Q

K9 distemper transmission

A

Aerosolized body secretions

54
Q

K9 distemper viral strains

A

􏰀 Virulence: mild 🡪 severe
􏰀 Fatality rate as high as 90%

55
Q

K9 distemper signs

A

􏰀 Fever, anorexia, dehydration
􏰀 V/D
􏰀 Cough, mucopurulent nasal and ocular discharge, pneumonia
􏰀 Foot pad hyperkeratosis
􏰀 Muscle twitching, ataxia, circling, blindness,
seizures

56
Q

K9 distemper dx

A

􏰀 PE and Hx
􏰀 Serology
􏰀 Fluorescent antibody test to detect the virus in epithelial cells

57
Q

K9 distemper tx

A

supportive
􏰀 Antibiotics, fluids, nutrition support

58
Q

K9 distemper b prevention

A

Vaccine

59
Q

K9 distemper

A

Single-stranded, nonenveloped DNA virus
􏰀 Highly resistant, survives long periods of time in
environment

60
Q

Canine Parvovirus transmission

A

fecal-oral
􏰀 Primarily affects young, unvaccinated puppies

61
Q

Canine Parvovirus hospital considerations

A

􏰀 Parvo until proven otherwise
􏰀 Isolation of cases
􏰀 Proper PPE
􏰀 Proper disposition/cleaning of waste, bedding, bowls, medical supplies

62
Q

Canine Parvovirus signs

A

􏰀 Depression, lethargy, anorexia
􏰀 Vomiting, bloody diarrhea
􏰀 Dehydration
􏰀 Fever

63
Q

Canine Parvovirus dx

A

􏰀 + fecal ELISA test
􏰀 Serology: high CPV titer
􏰀 CBC: marked lymphopenia and neutropenia, ↑ PCV
􏰀 Chem: hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia

64
Q

Canine Parvovirus tx

A

􏰀 IV fluids +/- electrolytes, +/- dextrose
􏰀 Antibiotics: IV or SQ
􏰀 Antiemetics
􏰀 Nutrition

Clin Path (16 decks)

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