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Clin Path > Lizards > Flashcards

Lizards Flashcards

1
Q

Order and Class

A

Squamata: order Reptilia: class

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2
Q

Categories

A

• Origin
• Habitat
• Size
• Temperature
• Nutrition (Omnivores/Herbivores/Carnivores) • Reproduction
• Handling concerns

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3
Q

Integumentary

A

Overlapping scales —impermeable
Ecdysis
- influenced by age, growth, raw, temp, humidity,nutrition

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4
Q

Causes of Dysecdysis

A

Low humidity
• Poor nutrition
• Health abnormalities

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5
Q

Chromatophores includes what species

A

Chameleons and Anoles

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6
Q

Chromatophores color change

A

• Light
• Heat
• Social factors

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7
Q

Gecko autonomy

A

• Defense response to predator
•Tail or entire skin shed leads to
• Scars
• Secondary bacterial or fungal infections
• Regenerate

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8
Q

Chameleons toes

A

Dactyl (5 toes are fused into a group of 2 or 3)

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9
Q

Basilisks toes

A

Fringed
• Large hind feet
• Walk on water and shifting sand

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10
Q

Gecko toes

A

Sticky Setae
• Bristle-like structures • Adhere to surfaces

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11
Q

Claws have

A

Blood vessels and nerves

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12
Q

Ancrodont

A

Bearded Dragons & Chameleons) • Not replaced when lost

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13
Q

Pleurodont

A

Iguanas & Monitors) • Replaced throughout life

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14
Q

Quadruped

A

Walk on four legs -most common
Skull
Vertebral column
Ribs
Pelvic and pectoral girdles

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15
Q

Apodal

A

California legless lizard
No feet

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16
Q

Bipedal

A

• Hindlimb power
• Frilled Dragons, Basilisks

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17
Q

Heart

A

3 chamber
2atrium ,1 ventricle

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18
Q

Vessels

A

• Ventral Abdominal Vein
• Hepatic Vein
• Caudal Vein

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19
Q

Caudal vein location and purpose

A

• Blood collection
• Ventral midline

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20
Q

Respiratory parts

A

• External nares
• Internal nares
• Glottis
• Trachea
Lungs
No diaphragm

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21
Q

Lungs

A

• Cranial (more vascular/respiratory function)
• Caudal (sac-like/extend to pelvis)

22
Q

Instead of a diaphragm

A

Intercostal muscles

23
Q

Oral cavity purpose

A

• Lubrication of food for swallowing • Poisonous

24
Q

Tongue purpose

A

• Sensory
• Prehension
• Swallowing

25
Cloaca
Digestive & genitourinary tracts
26
Pleuroperitoneum
Celom Pleuro- lungs All together
27
Renal portal system
Allows blood to flow directly from the caudal portion of body to kidneys prior to returning to the heart
28
Female reproductive system
• Oviducts (no uterus) • Ovoviviparous (eggs hatched within the body) • Viviparous (Live young)
29
Male reproductive system
Paired hemipenes
30
Gendering
Size, color, anatomy, probing
31
Eyes
Movable eyelids & nictitating membrane Spectacle Parietal eye
32
Parietal eye
third eye/Photoreceptor for hormonal production & thermoregulation
33
Ears
Tympanic membrane (clear or covered with scales)
34
Vomeronasal organ (Jacobson’s organ)
Dorsal oral cavity (Tongue/Tract prey, mates, enemies, pheromones)
35
Most problems are due to
Improper husbandry
36
Amino
Nephron toxic
37
Husbandry factors
Native habitat Anatomy &Physiology Diet Behavior Lighting for vitamin D /Ca+
38
Causes of most disorders
require correction of improper husbandry and supportive care
39
POTZ
preferred optimal temperature zone
40
Common disorders
Require meds Proper humidity Caloric intake
41
Common integumentary disorders
• Rostral abrasions • Bite wounds from cage mates • Thermal burns • Skin autonomy • Bacterial or fungal infections • Dysecdysis (clinical sign/ can cause necrosis) • Non-autonomy tail amputation • Ticks and mites
42
Skeletal disorders
• Metabolic bone disease (MBD)
43
• Metabolic bone disease (MBD)
• Ca+ deficiency (bone resorption of bone) • Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) deficiency • Excess Phosphorous (hyperparathyroidism depleting Ca stores in bone)
44
Common respiratory disorder
• Pneumonia • Bacterial, fungal, parasitic • Signs: dyspnea, neck extension, crackles, mucoid secretions • ABX treatment, emergency, prolonged treatment
45
Common urine disorder
Renal failure Pyelonephritis or neoplasia
46
Renal failure
• Secondary to improper nutrition • Aminoglycoside toxicity
47
Digestive disorders
• Anorexia is the #1 common complaint for digestive disorders • Infectious stomatitis • Obstruction or impaction • Intestinal parasites • Cloacal prolapse (
48
Cloaca prolapse may be
Digestive Reproductive Urinary
49
Neurological disorder
• Hypocalcemia: tremors, muscle fasciculations • Trauma
50
Reproduction disorders
• Dystocia (pre or post-ovulation/follicles) • Cloacal prolapse of oviducts • Ectopic eggs or neoplasia • Paraphimosis
51
Ophthalmic
• Periocular inflammatory disease/bacterial • Hypovitaminosis A • Spectacle abscesses or retained • Trauma or FB

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