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KM Master Sommelier Study > Greece > Flashcards

Greece Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the name of Greek god of wine

A

Dionysus (Bacchus in Rome)

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2
Q

What were Oenohoos

A

The proto sommeliers responsible for blending with water to keep it balanced to avoid drunkenness

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3
Q

What kind of additive is permitted in Retsina

A

Resin from Aleppo pines

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4
Q

When and how much resin is added to retsina

A

During first half of fermentation, between 0.15 to 1% of the wine’s volume

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5
Q

What are the two traditional PGI’s of Greece

A

Retsina
Verdea

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6
Q

Where is Retsina produced

A

Can be made anywhere in Greece, however mainly produced in Sterea Ellada

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7
Q

Which grape varieties are permitted for Retsina

A

Savatiano
Roditis

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8
Q

What is Kokkineli

A

A rose of Retsina made from Roditis

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9
Q

What are the 15 subregions permitted on Retsina labels

A

Gialtra
Halkidiki
Spata
Evia
Megara
Mesogia
Karystos
Attica
Markopoulos
Viotia
Pallini
Peania
Thebes
Pikermi
Koropi

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10
Q

Which 5 companies were at the forefront of the Greek quality movement of 1970’s

A

Boutari
Kourtakis
Achaia Clauss
Tsantaili
Kambas

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11
Q

Which Greek winery hired Emile Peynaud as consultant in 1970’s

A

Domaine Porto Carras

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12
Q

When was Greek wine law enacted

A

1969 - 1970

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13
Q

Which islands are found on the west of Greek mainland

A

Ionian Islands

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14
Q

Which island is directly south of Peloponnese

A

Kythira

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15
Q

Which big island is in the south part of Greek mainland

A

Crete

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16
Q

Which 3 island groups making wines are in east of Greek mainland, in Aegean sea

A

Cyclades Islands (Santorini, Paros)
Dodecanese Islands (Rhodes)
North Aegean Islands (Lemnos)

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17
Q

Which mountain range forms the spine of Greece

A

Pindos

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18
Q

Which is the highest mountain range in Greece

A

Mount Olympus on the border of Thessaly and Macedonia

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19
Q

Which Aegean island is considered with Central Greece due to its proximity to Athens

A

Evia

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20
Q

Which wine regions are part of Northern Greece

A

Thrace
Macedonia
Epirus
Thessaly

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21
Q

Which region is also known as Sterea Ellada

A

Central Greece

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22
Q

Which is the southernmost region of Continental Greece

A

Pelopponese

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23
Q

What is the key soil type in Greece

A

Limestone - due to oceanic crust forming the land and mountains in Greece

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24
Q

What kind of climate do you find in Greece

A

Mediterranean with abondant sunshine
Hot dry summers
Mild winters

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25
Which is the hottest and driest part of Greece
Attica (Athens)
26
Which two regions are the coolest in Greece
Amynteo Epirus
27
What is Meltemi
Hot dry wind coming from North to Aegean islands with profound impact on Santorini
28
What are vin Naturellement doux
Wines made solely from dried grapes
29
What are Vin doux/Vine de Liqueur
Unfermented musts shocked with spirits/Tsipouro (Mistelle)
30
What is Tsipouro
A Greek grappa, also used for fortifying sweet wines
31
What are Vin Doux Naturel
Wines produced by adding spirits to partly fermented musts
32
Which two PDO's of Greece allow international varietals
Slopes of Meliton Messenikola
33
What was the OPE designation used in Greece
OPE designation was used for traditional sweet wines of Greece
34
What are the different levels of PGI's in Greece
Regional District Area
35
What is Verdea
An oxidised dry white wine from Ionian island Zakhynthos
36
What classification level is accorded to Retsina
PGI
37
What is asproudi
Unknown white grapes are called Asproudi is Greece
38
What is Cava in Greece
Used as ageing designation for still wines Min ageing for 1 year for whites and rose wines, at least 6 months in barrel Min ageing of 3 years for red wines, min 1 yr in barrel
39
Which quality of wines use the term Cava in Greece
PGI quality and varietal table wines
40
What does Grand Cru means in Greece
Used for sweet wines made by VDN process Sourced from selected high altitude vineyards
41
What does Reserve means in Greece
Term used for PDO wines in Greece White wines aged for min 1 yr, min 6 months in barrel and min 3 months in bottle Red wines aged for min 2 yrs, min 1 yr in barrel and 6 months in bottle
42
What does Grand Reserve means in Greece
Term used for PDO quality in Greece White wines aged for min 2 yrs, 1 yr in barrel not larger that 600L and min 6 months in bottle Red wines aged for min 4 yrs, min 18 months in barrel and min 18 months in bottle
43
What is Paleomenos se Vareli
Indicates extended oak ageing beyond the required minimum for the appellation
44
What is Mavroudi
An indigenous Greek red variety Also a generic term for unknown red grapes
45
Which is Greece's most planted red grape
Agiorgitiko
46
What are the key characteristics of Agiorgitiko
High yielding, requires close planting Small clusters, thick skinned Prone to Mildew and disease
47
Which PDO solely uses Agiorgitiko
Nemea
48
Which country does Thrace border
Bulgaria Turkey
49
What kind of soils do we find in Thrace
Sandy soils near coasts Clay based fertile soils inland Rocky and poor soils near mountains
50
Which mountain range blocks the cool winds off in Thrace
Rodopi mountains
51
What are the key PGI's of Thrace
Evros - district PGI Avdira & Ismaros - Area PGI's
52
What kind of wines are made in Thrace
Blends of local and International varieties, both reds and whites Key red local grapes being Mavroudi and Limnio Key White grapes being Assyrtiko and Sauvignon Blanc
53
Which part of Macedonia is higher elevation? Why?
Western part, due to Pindos mountain range
54
Which are the main grapes in Macedonia
Mostly reds - Xinomavro and Moschomavro
55
Which two major wine families are responsible for high quality of Macedonia wines
Boutari Tsantali
56
How high is the Plateau of Amynteo
Between 520 - 720 mtrs Mostly flat
57
What soils do you find in Amynteo
Mainly sandy soils with limestone and loam
58
What grapes and wines are allowed in Amynteo
Xinomavro based reds, roses and sparkling rose Both dry and off dry permitted Sparkling could be tank or traditional method
59
What kind of soils and climate is found in Naoussa
More clay content than sand with plenty limestones, heavier than Amynteo Continental climate
60
Which producer bottled the first wines in Greece
Boutari
61
Name few famous Crus of Naoussa
Trifolos - Lower elevation, richer soils, richer wines Fytia - Higher elevation, rocky soils, chiseled wines Ramnista - fuller bodied wines
62
Naoussa cru Ramnista is home to which modern producer
Kir Yianni
63
What kind of wines are produced in Naoussa
Mainly dry, some semi sweet tannic red wines from Xinomavro grape (100%)
64
What kind of geography and climate are found in Goumenissa
Deep clay loam soils, ample sunshine 150 - 300 m elevation
65
Which grapes are permitted for wines in Goumenissa
Xinomavro to be co fermented with at least 20% Negoska
66
Which PGI region in Macedonia has 3 peninsulas inside it and hosts a PDO
Halkidiki
67
Which PDO in Macedonia is a monopole
Slopes of Meliton - Domaine Porto Carras
68
What soils and elevation are found in Slopes of Meliton PDO
Sandy loam with limestone Mediterranean Climate 100 - 350 m elevation
69
What kind of wines are made in Slopes of Meliton PDO
Dry reds from Limnio, Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc Dry Whites from Assyrtiko, Athiri and Roditis
70
Which vineyard in Halkidiki has a PGi status and no women are allowed to walk its vines
Mount Athos - owned by Monastries
71
Which PGI is made famous by Evangelos Gerovassiliou
Epanomi PGI for special Malagousia
72
What is Drama in Greece
A PGI in eastern Macedonia
73
What are the PDO's in Macedonia
Amynteo Naoussa Goumenissa Slopes of Meliton
74
Which Greek wine region has Mount Olympia located within
Thessaly
75
What kind of soils and climate are found in Thessaly
Schist and grey clay Mediterranean climate with chilly winters
76
What is Greek grappa Tsipouro made of
Muscat of Hamburg
77
Which Thessaly producer is known for its top quality Limniona wine
Domaine Zafeirakis
78
Which PDO outside of Macedonia features Xinomavro
Rapsani
79
Which is the smallest PDO in Greece
Rapsani - 90 hectares in 2017
80
Who is the major producer in Rapsani
Tsantali - 95% of the regions grapes are used by Tsantali
81
Which grapes are blended in Rapsani for its dry reds
Xinomavro with Stavroto and Krasato
82
What grape varieties are permitted in Messanikola PDO
Mavro Messanikola Syrah and Carignan - Max 30% combined
83
What kind of wines are permitted in Anchialos PDO
Dry, semi dry and semi sweet white wines No oak ageing permitted for sweeter style No skin contact permitted for dry wines 80% roditis with 20% Savatiano
84
Which PGI of Epirus shares a border with Albania
Ionnina
85
Which PGI of Epirus is known for quality of its Cabernet Sauvignon
Metsovo
86
What kind of geography and climate are found in Zitsa PDO
500-700 m elevation plateau Cool continental climate Pindos to the east, Ionian sea to the west Limestone rich soils
87
What kind of wines are made in Zitsa
Still, semi sparkling and sparkling wines Traditional and tank method allowed for sparkling wines Debina is the main grape used
88
What are the PDO's in Thessaly
Anchialos Messenikola Rapsani
89
Which Greek region has no PDO
Central Greece - Sterea Ellada
90
What are the main local grapes in central Greece
Savatiano Roditis
91
Which is the largest PDO of Greece
Patras
92
What is Hellenic Trench
An important area south of Peloponnese where the African and Eurasian continental plates meet
93
What seperates Peloponnese from Central Greece
Gulf of Corinth
94
Which three PGI's of Peloponnese account for majority of its viticulture
Achaia Corinth Arcadia
95
What are the PDO's of Peloponnese
Patras Muscat of Patras Muscat of Rio Patras Mavrodaphne of Patras Nemea Mantinia Monemvasia - Malvasia
96
Which wines are also known as blood of Hercules
Red wines made from Agiorgitiko grape
97
Which is the sole grape allowed for Nemean wines? What styles are made
Agiorgitiko - 100 % Dry and sweet styles, dry wines more popular
98
Who modernised the wines of Nemea
Domaine Skouras
99
What is Megas Oenos
A dry red made from Agiorgitiko and Cabernet Sauvignon aged in new oak by Domaine Skouras
100
Who pioneered richer extracted style of reds from Agiorgitiko in Nemea
Gaia Estate
101
What is the most famous cru of Nemea
Koutsi at 650 m elevation
102
What grapes and wine styles are found in Mentinia PDO
Dry white and sparkling wines 85% Moschofilero, can be blended with Asproudes
103
What kind of wines are made in Patras PDO
Dry white wines from Roditis grapes
104
Who created Mavrodaphne of Patras
Achaia Clauss winery in 1861 - Gustav Clauss
105
Which grapes are used for Mavrodaphne of Patras
Min 51% Mavrodaphne with Corinthiaki
106
What are the different ageing in Mavrodaphne of Patras
Min 1 yr ageing Min 3 yr ageing for reserve (2 in cask, 1 in bottle) Min 7 yr ageing for Grand Reserve (3 in cask, 3 in bottle) Min 3 yrs after bending for NV
107
What different fortifications are practised for Patras' fortified wines
Vin de Liqueur/Vin Doux (fortified without fermentation) Vin Doux Naturel (fortified with partial fermentation) Vin Naturellemente Doux (dried grapes)
108
What are the key differences in Muscat of Patras and Muscat of Rio Patras
Muscat of Ptras wines are richer and heavier in texture coming from clay based soils Muscat of Rio Patras wines comes from closer to coast and are higher toned and floral
109
Where is Domaine Mercouri located
In Ilia district of Peloponnese
110
What is Domaine Mercouri famous for
Blends of Greek varieties with French and Italian grapes for his wines Were the first to plant Refosko in Greece
111
What kind of wines are produced in Monemvasia - Malvasia PDO
Sweet wines, fortified or unfortified, made from dried grapes Aged for min 2 yrs in barrel Single vintage or blend with most recent vintage listed on the label
112
What are the PDO's in Ionian islands
Robola of Cephalonia Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia Muscat of Cephalonia
113
Name some key producers of Robola of Cephalonia
Gentilini Sclavos
114
What kind of wines are produced in Robola of Cephalonia PDO
Dry white wines from Robola grape
115
How is Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia different from Patras
Tsigelo clone used in Cephalonia. Better regarded, making higher quality
116
Which are the most important islands for viticulture in Cyclades
Santorini Paros
117
What kind of climate is found in Cyclades
Hot and dry conditions Strong Meltemi winds stall photosynthesis, prevent overripening and extend growing season
118
What kind of soils are found in Cyclades
Extremely poor soils lacking in Clay Volcanic black top soils
119
Name few important producers in Santorini
Santo cooperative Argyros Boutari Hatzidakis Sigalas Gaia
120
What kind of soils are found on Santorini Island
Black volcanic Basalt on metamorphosed limestone and schist Lack of clay
121
What is the low lying basket shaped trellissing system called in Santorini
Kouloura/Stefani
122
What grapes are used in making wines in Santorini
Assyrtiko (min 75%) with Athiri and Aidani
123
What grapes are required for making Vin Santo
Min 51% Assyrtiko with Athiri and Aidani
124
What methods are required for making Vin Santo
Must be produced from dried grapes with or without fortification - mostly unfortified Min 2 yrs of ageing If ageing statement given instead of vintage - must be aged in oxidative manner for 4 years or its multiples
125
What is Nykteri
Wine made from overripe grapes harvested pre dawn and pressed within a day Dry wine, aged for min 3 months in the barrel, flor may develop
126
What are the PDO's on the island of Paros
Paros Malvasia of Paros
127
What is the name of the central peak in Paros
Profitis
128
What are the main grapes in Paros PDO dry wines
Dry white wines - Monemvasia Dry red wines - Mandilaria min 35% with Monemvasia - co fermented
129
Which is the only PDO that allows white grapes in a red wine in Greece
Paros PDO
130
Which grapes are used for Malvasia of Paros PDO
Monemvasia with max 15% Assyrtiko Min 2 yrs ageing for vintage wines Min 4 yr ageing for NV wines with multiples of 4 allowed for extra ageing Fortification optional
131
What are the PDO's in Rhodes
Rhodes PDO Muscat of Rhodes PDO
132
What are the key grapes of Rhodes PDO
Athiri for white wines Mandilaria for red wines
133
Which grape is also known as Amorgiano in Rhodes
Mandilaria
134
What kind of wines and grape compositions are expected in Rhodes PDO
Dry or semi dry whites or sparkling wines - min 70% Athiri with Assyrtiko and Malagousia Reds and Roses from 70% Mandilaria with Mavrothiriko
135
Which methods can be used for Muscat of Rhodes
Made from Muscat Bland Can be VDL/VDN/VND VDN's can be labelled Grand cru from selected high quality vineyards
136
Which region in Greece is known to be major source of Ouzo
North Aegean - Lesvros PGI
137
What kind of wines are produced in Samos PDO
Muscat blanc based sweet VDN/VDL/VND VDN can be Grand cru from selected high quality vineyards
138
Which is the only Muscat PDO in Greece that doesn't have Muscat in the name of the PDO
Samos
139
What are the key geographical features of Samos
Steep island, up to 900 m elevation Granite soils North facing terraced high elevation vineyards prized
140
What are the key wines produced in UWC co op
Samos Vin Doux Nectar - dried grape wine, no fortification, aged 6 yrs in oak Anthemia - VDL aged for 5 yrs Grand Cru - VDN from 400 m plus vineyards, no oak used
141
What are the PDO's in Lemnos
Lemnos PDO Muscat of Lemnos PDO
142
What are the key grapes in Lemnos
Whites - dry, semi dry or semi sweet whites - Muscat of Alexandria Reds - dry - Lemnos
143
What is the key difference between the Muscats from Lemnos and Muscat of Lemnos PDO
Lemnos PDO makes dry, semi dry or semi sweet white wines Muscat of Lemnos makes sweet Muscats from Muscat of Alexandria grape in VDL/VDN and VND styles
144
Which part of Greece was the first to start making wines
Crete
145
What kind of soils are found in Crete
Limestone mixed with Clay
146
What are the key geographic features of Crete
Mountain range running through the middle of the long thin island, east to west Hot north African winds from south of the island make it too warm for viticulture North is better suited due to mountain blocking the hot winds Best sites at higher slopes, hot and dry climate
147
What are the PDO's in Crete
Peza Archanes Daphnes Candia Malvasia Candia Sitia Malvasia Sitia
148
What kind of wines are made in Peza
Dry White wines from Vilana grape Dry red wines from Mandilaria and Kotsifali
149
What kind of wines are made in Archanes PDO
Dry red wines only from Mandilaria and Kotsifali
150
What kind of wines are made in Daphnes PDO
Dry and sweet reds from Liatiko grape VDN/VDL/VND allowed. Grand cru VDN from selected vineyards
151
What kind of wines are made in Candia PDO
Dry whites from min 85% Vilana with Assyrtiko, Athiri, Liatiko, Vidiano and Thrapsathiri Dry reds from Min 70% Kotsifali with Mandilaria
152
What kind of wines are made in Malvasia Candia and Malvasia Sitia PDO
Sweet white wines VDN or VND styles Max 15% Malvasia di Candia and Muscat Blanc Assyrtiko, Vidiano, Athiri, Thrapsathiri and Liatiko in the rest 85%
153
What kind of wines are made in Sitia PDO
Dry whites from 70% Vilana with Thrapsathiri Dry reds from 80% Liatiko with Mandilaria Sweet wines VND style from Liatiko
154
What is Marouvas
Oxidative wine from light red grape Romeiko, made as PGI wine from Crete
155
Which is considered the best Native white grape of Crete
Vidiano
156
Which other grapes in Crete are proving to have potential for high quality wines
Whites - Plyto, Dafni and Thrapsathiri Reds - Romeiko

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