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Sherry Flashcards

1
Q

What is vino generoso

A

Dry styled fortified wines. Max 4 g/l RS

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2
Q

What is vino generoso de licor

A

Vino generoso blended with vino dulce naturel or concentrated must

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3
Q

What is Vino dulce naturel

A

Naturally sweet wine fortified after partial fermentation of Soleo grapes
Often bottled varietally e.g. PX, Moscatel

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4
Q

Authorised grapes for Sherry production

A

Palomino Fino
Palomino de Jerez
Pedro Ximenez
Moscatel Alejandria
Perruno
Beba
Vigiriega

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5
Q

Min - Max alcohol for Fino Sherry

A

15 - 17%
Biological ageing may reduce alcohol below 15%

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6
Q

Min - Max alcohol for Amontillado Sherry

A

16 - 22%

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7
Q

Min - Max alcohol for Olorosso and Palo Cortado Sherry

A

17 - 22%

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8
Q

Min - Max alcohol for Pale Dry-Medium Sherry

A

15 -22%

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9
Q

Min - Max alcohol for Pale Cream - Cream Sherry

A

15 - 22%

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10
Q

Max permitted yield in Sherry region

A

11,428 kg/ha

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11
Q

Hottest wine region in Spain

A

Jerez

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12
Q

Which province is home to Sherry production

A

Cadiz
coastal province where Jerez is located

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13
Q

Which river flows through north west of Jerez

A

Guadalquivir river

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14
Q

Name three towns at the center of Sherry Production

A

Jerez de la Frontera
Sanlucar de Barrameda
El Puerto de Santa Maria

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15
Q

Where can sherry be matured and shipped from

A

Jerez de la Frontera
Sanlucar de Barrameda
El Puerto de Santa Maria

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16
Q

Two DO zones of sherry

A

Jerez/Xeres/Sherry
Manzanilla - Sanlucar de Barrameda

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17
Q

Where can Manzanilla be aged

A

Sanlucar de Barrameda

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18
Q

Two winds affecting Sherry Region

A

Poniente from West, humid and cool
Levante from East, warm and dry

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19
Q

What is Levante

A

Hot dry wind from east of Jerez; intensifies the heat of the region

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20
Q

What is Poniente

A

Western wind of Jerez, from Atlantic; humid and cool
Promotes growth of flor

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21
Q

Three principal soil types in Sherry region

A

Albariza
Barros
Arenas

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22
Q

Explain Albariza soils

A

Chalky, porous, limestone rich soils of white colour
Produce best quality sherry

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23
Q

What is the speciality of Albariza soils

A

Moisture retentive
Friable soil structure - lets the roots penetrate

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24
Q

What soils are predominent in Jerez Superior

A

Albariza Soils
80% of regions wines are in Jerez Superior

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25
Name 3 pagos from Jerez
Macharnudo Anina Carrascal
26
Which is the biggest pagos in sherry
Macharnudo - over 2000 ha
27
Explain Barros soils
Fertile - high proportion of clay in soil Mostly in low lying valleys
28
Explain Arenas Soils
Found in coastal areas of Jerez
29
Another name for Palomino grape
Listan
30
Which grape accounts for highest acreage in sherry
Palomino Fino (95% of the area) neutral, high yielding grape, low acid wines, high alcohol
31
Where is Moscatel cultivated in Sherry
Arenas soils (sandy soils) near town of Chipione
32
What is Soleo process
grape bunches dried in sun on esparto grass mats 1 to 3 weeks mostly used for moscatel and PX
33
From which region can PX be imported for blending in Sherry
Montilla morilles DO
34
Common vine training method in Jerez
Vara Y Pulgar
35
Explain Vara Y Pulgar
Growers prune alternate spurs each year. 1 years Vara (stick) becomes next year pulgar (thumb)
36
What are Zapatos de Pisar
Cowhide boots with angled nails on soles used by Pisadores (labourers) Used for crushing and pressing sherry grapes before modern times
37
What are the two styles of ageing sherry
Biological Oxidative
38
How much juice can be extracted from 100kg grapes in sherry
70 Ltrs
39
What are the three stages of quality for Mosto de Yema
Primera Yema Segunda yema Mosto Presna
40
What is Primera Yema
Free run juice amounting to 60 to 70% of Mosto de Yema
41
What is Segunda Yema
Press wine (second press) usually fermented seperately
42
What is mosto presna
Must press, poorer quality press wine used for distillation
43
Why was Yeso (Plaster) used in Sherry
Yeso was adhered to grapes prior to pressing It aided clarification, also created Tartaric acid when combined with cream of Tartar
44
What was the classical vessel of fermenting sherry (base wine)
600 L american new oak butts To add tannins to wine and remove new oak flavours from oak
45
What is Lenta in sherry making
Slow fermentation, after initial high temperatures from vigorous first week fermentation subsides and remaining sugar converts slowly to alcohol
46
What is the average alc strength of sherry base wines
11 to 12.5% ABV
47
What is Palo
Tanks of sherry classified and marked with a vertical slash
48
What is gordura
Tanks of sherry classified and marked with a circle
49
To what abv are Palo fortified
15 - 15.5%
50
To what abv are Gordura fortified
17 - 18%
51
What is Mitad Y Mitad
A gentler mix of mature sherry and spirits used to fortify new wine in sherry
52
What is Flor
Flor is the film forming yeast on some sherries, responsible to matabolise glycerine, alcohol and volatile acids in wine
53
What are the prerequisites for development of Flor
Humid air (Poniente winds) Moderate temp - 60 - 70 F Absence of fermentable sugars Alc strength of 15 - 15.5% Contact with Oxygen
54
What is Sobretablas
An intermediary phase in biological ageing of sherries during which the wine will be re evaluated and course of evolution may be redirected
55
What is Palma
Fine delicate sherry with good flor growth Developed as fino sherry
56
What are Palma Cortada
A more robust fino May eventually emerge as amontillado
57
What is Palo Cortado
A rarity, thogh flor may be present, wine is redirected to oxidative ageing due to its richness. Refortification to 17% to destroy the flor and aged oxidatively after.
58
What is Raya
Anemic flor growth or completely died Further fortified to 17 - 18% abv and turns olorosso
59
What is Dos Rayas
Rough and coarse wine where flor has died High levels of VA Used for blending or sweetening of sherries or turned to sherry vinegar
60
What is the minimum Solera ageing required for Sherry
2 years
61
What is Criadera
Multiple levels of a Solera where new wine enters the 1st level and mixes with other levels to reach the final level
62
What is Solera
The system of fractional blending through multiple criaderas The last level of the system where the wine is drawn out from and bottled
63
What is Trasiego
The movement of wines between Soleras is called Trasiego
64
What is Fino/Manzanilla Fina
Light delicate almond toned style of sherry with a salty tang high levels of acetaldehyde due to biological ageing 15 - 18% alc (Manzanilla fina is a fino aged in Sanlucar de Barrameda)
65
What is Fino Amontillado/Manzanilla Pasada
A mature fino that begins to age oxidatively as the flor starts dying eventually. Manzanilla Pasada must be aged for min 7 years
66
What are Manzanilla Anada
Manzanilla from a single vintage aged in a static system
67
What is Amontillado
Long aged finos turned amontillados by dying of flor and deepening of flavour, strength and colour
68
What is Olorosso
Means fragrant Spicy walnut tones and smooth mouthfeel Oxidatively aged wine 17-22% abv Dark colour
69
What is the major difference in Fino and Manzanilla Fina
Manzanilla Fina is harvested a week earlier and entered & moved through solera quicker. Lower alcohol and fortified to lower alcohol Aged in Sanlucar de Barrameda
70
What is en Rama Sherry
Meaning raw Lightly fined, unfiltered fino sherries
71
What is Cabaceo
Process of sweetening and blending of commercial sherries
72
Minimum ABV in wine entering Cabaceo
17.5%
73
What is Dulce Pasa
Mistella produced from sunned Palomino
74
What is Dulce de Almibar
A blend of fino sherry and invert sugar (syrup)
75
What is vino de color
Non alcoholic syrup produced by boiling and reducing syrup and fresh must
76
What is Sancocho
Vino de color reduced to 1/3rd of its volume
77
What is Arrope
Vino de Color reduced to 1/5th of its volume
78
What is Pale cream
Fino sherry sweetened with vino de color and sweetener
79
What is Cream Sherry
Olorosso sherry with sweetener and vino de color
80
What is Pale Dry Sherry
A paler sherry with some sweetness May have been blended from fino
81
What is Medium Sherry
A rich amber sherry that may include amontillado in the blend. May also be labeled Milk/Golden/Brown
82
What is Vino Dulce Natural for sherry
Wines made solely from Sunned Moscatel or PX Fortified after partial fermentation between 180 - 500 g/l RS
83
What is VOS
Vinum Optimum Signatum avarage age 20 years for every 1 ltr drawn from Solera, 20 must remain
84
What is VORS
Vinum Optimum Rare Signatum average age 30 years every 1 ltr drawn, 30 must remain
85
What is age indication on sherry
Consejo Regulador may authorise 12 or 15 years for labeling on sherry Certification applies to entire Solera
86
Name 3 pagos in Jerez de la Frontera
Macharnudo Alto Macarnudo Bajo Carrascal Anina Balbaina
87
Name 3 pagos in Sanlucar de Barrameda
Carrascal Miraflores Hornillo Mahina Pastrana
88
Name a Pago in El Puerto de Santa Maria
Atalaya

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