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Spain Flashcards

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1
Q

Which Jerez vineyards was planted by Phoenecians

A

Macharnudo

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2
Q

What was Sack

A

A forerunner of Sherry, likely an inexpensive imitation of dried grape wines that reemerged in Italy and Greece (Vin Santo)
Possibly made with mixing resinated must with normal must

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3
Q

Who began experimenting with barrique ageing in Rioja

A

Manuel Esteban Quintano - a priest from Rioja

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4
Q

Which two estates pioneered barrique ageing Riojas

A

Marques de Murrieta - 1852
Marques de Riscal - 1860

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5
Q

What is the geographical position of Spain

A

On Iberian peninsula, seperated from France by Pyrenees mountain to the North
30 to 44 degrees north
Meets mediterranean sea in south with Atlantic Ocean to the west
High altitude vineyards, on Meseta Central

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6
Q

What are the different mountain ranges in Spain

A

Pyrenees to the north
Sistema central in the center
Cantabria in the west
Systema Iberico, perpendicular to sistema central to the south
Sistema Penibetico in South East
Sierra Nevada is a part of Sistema Penibetico

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7
Q

What are the most important rivers in Spain

A 
Mino
Ebro
Duero
Tagus
Guardiana
Guadalquivir
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8
Q

Which two autonomous regions of Spain are not on mainland

A

Canary Island - south west
Balearic Islands - east

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9
Q

Which two autonomous regions of Spain do not have a DO

A

Cantabria
Asturias

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10
Q

What are the 15 autonomous regions of Spain on mainland

A

Galicia
Asturias
Cantabria
Basque Country
Navarra
La Rioja
Castilla Y Leon
Aragon
Catalonia
Madrid
Extremadura
Castilla La Mancha
Valencia
Murcia
Andalucia

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11
Q

What are the two autonomous cities of Spain

A

Melilla
Ceuta
Both are in North Africa - Close to Morocco

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12
Q

What are the 3 key winds of Spain

A

Poniente - blows from west, brings cool Atlantic air
Levante - blows from East, hot and humid wind
Leveche - hot drying currents from African deserts

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13
Q

Which famous Rioja producer withdrew from appellation in 2015

A

Artadi

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14
Q

When did the DO system begin in Spain

A

1932

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15
Q

What are the different tiers of Spanish wine law

A

Vino de Mesa - table wine
Vino de la Tierra - PGI
VCIG, DO, DOCa - PDO

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16
Q

How long must a region wait in VCIG tier before it can apply for DO status

A

Min 5 yrs

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17
Q

Which is the most famous non contiguous DO of Spain

A

Cava DO

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18
Q

What is Pliego de Condiciones? What does it regulate

A

Official documentation of appellation regulations

It controls yields, vine training, viticultural practices, vinification techniques and permitted varieties

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19
Q

What are the two DOCa of Spain

A

Rioja 1991
Priorato 2009

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20
Q

When was Vino de Pago catagory established

A

2003

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21
Q

What is Vino de Pago in Spain

A

A designation awarded to a single estate that may exist within or outside a DO
Must be estate bottled
Vineyard must be owned by the winery
Must be in production min 10 years before applying

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22
Q

Which is the smallest DO Pago

A

Vallegarcia in Castilla la Mancha

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23
Q

Which were the first DO Pago approved

A

Dominio de Valdepusa - 2003
Finca Elez - 2003
Both in Castilla La Mancha

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24
Q

What is Vino de Pago Calificado

A

A hypothetical catagory for any estate applying for Pago status from a DOCa

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25
What is Grandes Pagos de Espana
A consortium of Spanish wineries who co market their wines with minimal overlap
26
What are the DO Pagos of Navarra
Senorio de Arinzano Prado Irache Bodegas Otazu Bolandin
27
What are the DO Pagos of Valencia
El Terrarazo Los Balagueses Vera de Estenas Chozas Carrascal
28
Which is the DO Pago of Aragon
Ayles
29
What are the DO Pagos of Castilla La Mancha
Dominio de Valdepusa Finca Elez Guijoso Dehesa del Carrizal Campo de la Guardia Florentino Casa del Blanco Calzadilla Vallegarcia La Jareba Los Cerrillos El Vicario
30
How many DO Pagos exist in Spain in 2024
25 DO Pagos
31
What is the difference in Crianza red wine ageing between other DOs and Rioja/Ribera del Duero
Both prescribe 2 years ageing vs 18 months for rest of Spain Both require 1 year ageing in Oak casks vs 6 months for rest of Spain
32
What is the difference in Riserva catagory for reds in Rioja vs all other DOs (including Ribera del Duero)
All prescribe 3 yrs ageing with 1 yr in Oak barrels Rioja prescribes mandatory 6 months ageing in bottle
33
What is the difference in red wine ageing for Gran Reserva catagory between other DOs and Rioja and Ribera del Duero
All DOs need 5 years total ageing Rioja mandates 2 years in Oak casks and 2 years in bottle Rioja mandates two years in oak casks All others require 18 months in Oak barrels
34
What size and make of wood is mandated for ageing catagories in DOs and DOca
Max 330 ltr capacity Oak barrels/barricas
35
What is the min oak ageing mandated for different ageing catagories of DO wines in Spain for White and Rosado wines
6 months minimum in 330 Ltr oak casks for all catagories
36
What is the minimum ageing required for all different catagories for white and Rosado wines
Crianza - 18 months - 6 in oak Riserva - 2 yrs - 6 months in Oak Gran Reserva - 4 years - 6 months in oak
37
What is the difference in White and Rosado ageing in Rioja vs all other DO's
No difference any more
38
What is the difference in ageing in Crianza and Reserva White and Rosado wines in Rioja
Crianza is 18 months while reserva 2 yrs ageing. Both mandate 6 months in Oak barricas Remainder can be in any vessel of choice for Crianza, while it must be in bottle or Oak for Reserva catagory
39
What are Vi de Villa wines
Village level wines, showcasing wines from single village instead of a blend from entire region
40
Which regions follow Vi de Villa catagory
Priorato Bierzo Rioja Rueda
41
Which is the second most planted white grape in the world
Airen
42
What qualities of Airen make it widely planted in Spain
Extremely vigourous producing plenty crop Disease resistant Drought resistant
43
Which grape is offspring of Albarino with Amaral
Caino Blanco
44
Which Spanish region is most noted for Godello
Valdeorras
45
What is Palomino called on Canary Island
Listan Blanco
46
Which French region produces Palomino
Historically distilled for Armagnac, across Pyrenees
47
Which other grape is Parellada related to
Albillo Real
48
Which grape is Verdejo related to
Godello Not related to Verdelho of Madeira
49
What are the popular Spanish synonyms for Tempranillo
Cencibel - Valdepenas Tinto del Pais - Ribera del Duero Tinto Fino - Ribera del Duero Tinta de Toro - Toro Tinta Roriz/Aragonez - Portugal Ull de Llebre - Catalunya
50
Which wines are referred to as Aloques in Spain
Rose wines
51
What are the DOs included in Galicia
Rias Baixas Ribeiro Ribeira Sacra Valdeorras Monterrei
52
Who initiated quality winemaking in Rias Baixas
Cistercian monks arriving from Burgundy for pilgrimage
53
What are Pazos in Rias Baixas
Estates in Local Language
54
What was the first commercial winery in Rias Baixas
Palacios de Fefines - 1904
55
What was the earlier name of Rias Baixas DO
Albarino DO
56
What is Xabre
Decomposed granite in Rias Baixas found in soils Low water retention, useful in rainy environment 1200 - 1800 per year rainfall in Rias Baixas
57
What are the subzones of Rias Baixas
Val do Salnes Ribeira do Ulla Soutomaior O Rosal Condado do Tea
58
Which is the largest, coldest and wettest area of Rias Baixas DO
Val do Salnes - over 50% of total plantings
59
What is the defining feature of Val do Salnes wines
Marked salinity in its wines
60
Which is the youngest subzone of Rias Baixas
Ribeira do Ulla in North East
61
Which is the smallest subzone of Rias Baixas
Soutomaior
62
Which two subregions of Rias Baixas border Portugal
O Rosal - west, towards Atlantic Condado do Tea - Eastern, inland region
63
Which is the warmest and driest subzone of Rias Baixas
Condado do Tea
64
Which river marks the border between Spain and Portugal
Minho River
65
What are Minifundias
Small plots of vineyards Average 0.6 ha split into 4 parcels
66
What is Parral
Pergola system with vines trained on granite posts Enables greater airflow to combat Mildew or Rot Encourages photosynthesis and ripening Protects grapes from Sunburn
67
What kind of wines are permitted in Rias Baixas
White, red and sparkling
68
What is the label term found on a barrique aged white wine from Rias Baixas
Blanco/Albarino barrica
69
What white wine grapes are permitted in Val do Salnes and Ribera de Ulla subzone designated white wines
Min 70% recommended white grapes Albarino, Loureira, Treixadura and Caina Blanca
70
What grapes are must for O Rosal white wines
Min 70% Albarino and Loureira
71
What grapes are must for Condado do Tea whites
Min 70% Albarino and Treixadura
72
What soil type is found in Val do Salnes, O Rosal and Soutomaior
Alluvial over granite
73
What soil type is found Ribeira do Ulla
Mainly Alluvial
74
What soil type is found in Condado do Tea
Granite and Slate, light granite subsoils
75
What % of grapes is required for a Rias Baixas wine to be labelled Albarino
100%
76
Which Rias Baixas subzone cannot label wines by its name
Soutomaior
77
What are the red grapes of Rias Baixas
Caino Tinto Espadeiro Loureira Tinta Souson Mencia Brancellao
78
What is Vino Tostado
A dried grape wine similar to Vin Santo of Tuscany, produced in Ribeiro
79
How is Vino Tostado produced
Red or white grapes are dried for 3 months Min must weight 350 g/l Fermented and aged in Oak or cherry casks Min 6 months in cask, 3 in bottle Min 120 g/l RS
80
What soils are found in Ribeiro DO
Decomposed granite, mica and schist and schistous sand
81
What are the main white grapes of Ribeiro
Treixadura, Godello, Torrontes, Loureira, Lado, Albarino, Caino Blanco
82
What are the key red grapes of Ribeiro
Mencia, Caino Tinto, Ferron, Souson, Brancellao
83
What are the main 3 rivers in Ribeiro
Mino Avia Arnoia
84
What is the main threat to Ribeiro wines
Spring frost due to high humidity and elevated precipitation
85
What kind of wines are main produce of Ribeiro
90% white wines from mainly Treixadura, blended with other grapes of the region
86
Name the subzones of Ribeira Sacra
Amandi Chantada Ribeiras do Mino Ribeiras do Sil Quiroga Bibei
87
What is Branco/Tinto Garda wines in Ribeira Sacra
Wines aged for 4 months for white or 7 months for red Reds/Whites to be aged in either wood or concrete/other material SS or polyester not permitted Anything between 225L to 10000 L for reds/8000L for whites permitted Uto 5000L for other materials permitted
88
What is Blanco/Tinto barrica in Ribeira Sacra
Branco barrica - 3 months in barrel of upto 600L Tinto barrica - 6 months in upto 500L barrel
89
What is Summum in Ribeira Sacra
Min 85% of the principal varieties permitted for red Min 100% principal varieties for whites
90
What is the varietal composition of Ribeira Sacra tinto wines
Min 70% Mencia required
91
Which two rivers pass through Ribeira Sacra
Mino Sil
92
Name some famous producers of Ribeira Sacra
Guimaro Algueira Dominio do Bibei
93
Which subregion of Ribeira Sacra is considered the best in quality
Amandi - in the center, northern slopes of Sil river
94
What kind of soils are found in Ribeira Sacra
Granitic soils near Sil river Mainly slate in upper Sil areas
95
Which grape is known as Merenzao in Ribeira Sacra
Bastardo/Trousseau
96
What are the Portuguese names for Souson and Brancellao found in Ribeira Sacra
Souson - Vinhao Brancellao - Alvarelhao
97
Which is the most prominent grape of Ribeira Sacra
Mencia - planted in 90% of all vineyards
98
Which wine region bridges Galicia with Castilla Y Leon, close to Bierzo
Valdeorras
99
What are the key wine styles Valdeorras is known for
White wines based on Godello Red wines based on Mencia
100
Which river flows through Valdeorras
Sil
101
What is the major soil type and export of Valdeorras
Slate soils Valdeorras exports slates for roofing tiles
102
Which varieties are allowed to be bottled varietally in Valdeorras
Godello - min 85% Mencia - min 85%
103
Which other region excpt Ribeiro also produces Vino Tostado
Valdeorras
104
What are Valdeorras Castes Nobles wines
Wines made from preferred varieties, both red and white permitted
105
Which grape variety is preferred for Valdeorras espumoso
Godello - Min 85%
106
Which Galicia regions are at the Portuguese border
Rias Baixas Monterrei
107
What are the subzones in Monterrei
Valle de Monterrei Ladera de Monterrei
108
What grape is referred to as Arauxa in Monterrei
Tempranillo
109
Which river and its tributaries flow in Monterrei
Tamega
110
Which VCIG exists in Asturias
Cangas VCIG
111
What is Sidra? Which regions produce Sidra
Sidra is Spanish Cider, often cited as more sour than other European ciders Produced in Galicia, Basque, Cantabria and Asturias
112
What are the different names for Basque country
Pais Vasco - Spanish Euskadi - Basque
113
What are the DOs in Basque country
Bizkaiko Txakolina Getariako Txakolina Arabako Txakolina
114
Which grape also grows in South West France are known as Izkiriota and Izkiriota Ttippia
Izkiriota - Gros Manseng Izkiriota Ttippia - Petit Manseng
115
What are the key grapes in three Txacoli
Ondarrabi Zuri for white wines Ondarrabi Beltza for red wines
116
Which Txakoli produces Ojo de Gallo (Rose wine)
Bizkaiko Txakolina Ozo de Gallo - requires min 50% Ondarrabi Beltza
117
Which two Basque DO's are close to bay of Biscay
Gateriako Txakolina Bizkaiko Txakolina
118
Which is the smallest and newest Txakolina
Arabako Txakolina (Alava) More inland, with less coastal influence
119
Which mountain range seperates Castilla Y Leon from Castilla La Mancha
Sistema Central
120
What kind of climate is found in Castilla Y Leon
Dramatically continental Very hot summers and very cold winters Frost is a challenge in spring and autumn
121
Name the DO's of Castilla y Leon (9)
``` Arlanza Arribes Bierzo Cigales Ribera del Duero Rueda Toro Tierra de Leon Tierra del Vino de Zamora ```
122
Which Castilla y Leon DO is closer to Galicia in proximity and style of wines
Bierzo
123
What are the key minerals/metals found in mines of Bierzo
Iron Gold Coal
124
Which winery was an early leader in quality in Bierzo DO
Prada y Tope
125
Who were the quality initiators of Bierzo
Jose Louis Prada - Prada y Tope Raul Perez Alvaro Palacios Riccardo Perez Palacios
126
Which river and mountain are key influence on Bierzo climate
Sil river and its tributaries Sierra de Los Ancares - shields a lot of Atlantic influence
127
What are the two unofficial subzones in Bierzo
Flatter - Baja Bierzo Mountain plantings - Alto Bierzo
128
Which vineyards and topography is prized for viticulture in Bierzo
Higher, sloped sites of Alto Bierzo, often with Quartz and sandstone based soils
129
How does the Bierzo quality pyramid compares to Burgundy
``` Vino de la Region - Bierzo Vino de Villa - Village level Vino de Paraje - Lieu Dit Vino de Vina Clasificada - Cru wine Gran vino de Vina Clasificada - Grand Cru Wine ```
130
What is Vino Clarete in Bierzo
Deep Rose wine produced by 40 - 60% red grapes and rest white grapes of Bierzo Directly pressed, except 5 - 10% destemmed grapes included in fermentation
131
Which grape is referred to as Merenzao
Trousseau/Bastardo
132
What are the yield restrictions on Bierzo quality pyramid
Vino de Villa - 20% Vino de Paraje - 25% Vina Clasificada - 30% Gran Vina Clasificada - 35%
133
How are Vina clasificada and Gran Vina Clasificada designated in Bierzo
Vina Clasificada is added to designated single parcel or collection of parcels within vino de Paraje, labeled as such for 5 years and approved by tasting panel Gran Vina Clasificada is added to wine produced as Vina Clasificada for at least 5 years and approved by tasting Panel
134
Which is the most consumed white wine DO in Spain
Rueda
135
What are Dorado wines of Rueda
Oxidative, fortified and sometimes flor affected Rancio wines Aged in Solera and Demi Johns - 4 yrs min, 2 in wood Literally means Golden Made from Palomino Fino and Verdejo
136
What are the vino Palido in Rueda
Fino sherry styled wines from Rueda Aged for min 3 years in wood under flor
137
What are Gran Vino de Rueda
Wines made from at least 30 YO vines
138
Who changed Rueda wine style
Marques de Riscal with Consultant Emile Peynaud
139
What are the white wines produced in Rueda
Rueda Blanco - must be min 50% Verdejo or Sauvignon Blanc Varietal labeling not permitted anymore
140
What are the vino del Pueblo in Rueda
New village level classification 85% of the grapes must come from permitted municipalities
141
What is the method and ageing permitted for Rueda Espumoso wines
Produced in traditional method Aged min 9 months on the lees 36 months on the lees for Gran Anada
142
What is the key soil type in Rueda
Limestone and gravel
143
Who founded Vega Sicilia
Don Eloy Lecanda y Chaves 1864
144
Which producer put the focus back to Tempranillo in Ribera del Duero in 1972
Alejandro Fernandez - Tinto Pesquera
145
When did Ribera del Duero become DO
1982
146
Who established Pingus? When
Peter Sisseck in 1995
147
Which four provinces does Ribera del Duero DO span
Soria Segovia Burgos Valladolid
148
What kind of soils are found in Ribera del Duero
Mainly sandy and silty sandy soils More limestone in east and west, less in the middle zone Denser clay in the western portion 700 to 1000 M elevation. Average 800 - 850 M
149
What kind of climate is found in Ribera del Duero
Extreme continental climate, very hot summers and icy cold winters Risk of frost in spring and autumn Risk of hail as well Big diurnal swings due to high elevation
150
What are the common names for Tempranillo in Ribera del Duero
Tinto Fino Tinta del Pais
151
Which French grapes are permitted in Ribera del Duero
Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot Malbec
152
Which is the white grape of Ribera del Duero
Albillo Mayor
153
Which two grapes are progeny of Albillo Mayor
Tempranillo Doradilla from Malaga
154
What percentage of red grapes is required in rose and clarete wines in Ribera del Duero
50% red grapes
155
What is the max capacity of oak casks permitted in use for ageing designations in Ribera del Duero
330L
156
Which province of Ribera del Duero is known for a different organoleptic profile of its wines
Soria - more brighter redder fruit profile with higher acidity
157
What are the grape percentages specified for whites and reds in Ribera del Duero
Whites - Min 75% Albillo Mayor Reds - Min 95% red grapes, Min 75% Tinto Fino
158
Which main river passes through Arlanza DO
Arlanza river - a tributory to Ribera del Duero
159
What are the main grapes used in Arlanza DO wines
Whites - Albilla and Viura Rose - 50 to 100% Tempranillo. Other white and red grapes permitted Reds - 50 - 100% Tempranillo
160
Which river passes through Cigales DO
Pisuerga Arlanza falls into Arlanzon which then falls into Pisuerga river. It goes on to fall into Duero
161
What is the key soil type in Cigales DO
Galet stones like Chateauneuf, on limestone based soils 700 - 800 M elevation
162
What are the key wine types in Cigales
Famous for its Rosados and Claretes based on Tempranillo and Garnacha
163
What are the main varietal composition in Cigales
Whites - min 50% Verdejo Rosado - Min 50% recommended red and white varietals (Tempranillo, Garnacha, Verdejo) Reds - Min 50% recommended reds
164
What is the min RS required in Vino Dulce in Cigales DO
45 g/l (can be red, white or Rose)
165
What are the key grape varieties grown in Tierra de Leon DO
Whites - Verdejo, Albarino Blanco, Godello Reds - Prieto Picudo, Mencia
166
What kinds of soils are found in Tierra de Leon DO
Brownish alluvial terraces with limestone 800 - 900 M elevation
167
What kind of soils and climate are found in Toro DO
Sandy and clay soils atop brown limestone 620 - 840 M elevation Cold continental nights in an otherwise warm region Draught conditions, bush trained, wide spaced vines
168
What grapes are used for making white wines in Toro
Verdejo 100% or Malvasia min 85%
169
Whate grape varieties are needed for reds and rose wines in Toro
Min 75% Tinta de Toro Garnacha can be blended or used as 100% for Rosados only
170
What is Tinta de Toro
A regional name for clonal type of Tempranillo used in Toro, contributes to a full throttle and rustic nature of wines
171
Where is Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO located
Forms an L shape around Toro DO, touching Rueda in the east
172
What kind of wines are produced in Tierra del Vino de Zamora
Reds - Min 75% Tempranillo Whites - Malvasia, Moscatel, Verdejo Rose - Min 60 % Tempranillo Clarete - Min 30% Tempranillo
173
What is Clarete wine
Light red to intense red coulor Clean and bright, no particles in suspension
174
Who is the most famous producer of Tierra del Vino da Zamora DO
Dehesa La Granza estate - owned by Alejandro Fernandez of Ribera del Duero
175
What are the DOs in Ebro river Valley
Rioja Navarra Both have their own autonomias, though wine regions overlap
176
What is the Riojan name for Carinena
Mazuelo
177
Why were the Mallas (wire cages) applied to wines in Rioja
To guarantee authenticity against ongoing fraudulent practices
178
When was Consejo Regulador established in Rioja
1925
179
Which flagship wine of Bodegas Palacios was established by Michel Rolland
Cosme Palacios y Hermanos Reserva Especial Matured for shorter time in French Barrique
180
What wines are termed Vinos de Autor in Rioja
Internationally styled wines crafted to please the critics palates, usually shorter ageing in new french barricas
181
Which autonomias does Rioja traverse
La Rioja Basque country Navarra Castilla y Leon
182
Which mountain range sits on the north of Rioja
Sierra de Cantabria Saves Rioja from Atlantic winds and rain
183
What are the two distinct ways of describing the vintages of Rioja by weather
Atlantic - wet and cooler years Mediterranean - warm and dry years
184
What are the subregions of Rioja
Rioja Alta Rioja Alavesa Rioja Oriental
185
What are the two major production hubs in Rioja Alta
Haro Logrono
186
Which two main river valleys form part of Rioja Alta
Oja - higher concentration of chalk and alluvial soils Najerilla - More iron rich clay
187
Which is the largest subzone of Rioja
Rioja Alta
188
Which subzone of Rioja lies entirely north of Ebro river
Rioja Alavesa
189
What are the main towns of Rioja Alavesa
San Vicente de la Sonsierra La Bastida - where highest vineyards are found
190
Which Rioja subregion also has a history of wines produced by carbonic maceration
Rioja Alavesa
191
Which mountains have Rioja Oriental's high elevation plantings
Yerga mountains
192
Which casta is more prominent in Rioja Oriental
Garnacha - due to it being warmer and drier
193
Which Riojan grape, once close to extinction is now prized. Why
Graciano Prized for its acidity, tannin and exotic spice flavours
194
Which grape is called Maturana Tinta in Rioja
Trousseau from Jura Also known as Bastardo and Merenzao
195
What are the main grapes in white Rioja
Viura (Macabeo) Malvasia
196
What is the capacity of Oak casks used in Rioja
225L
197
Which style of Rioja wines can use barrels larger than 225L for ageing
Wines labeled by Cosecha or generico classification, not by ageing terms
198
What other geographical indications are permitted on Rioja labels
Vinos de Zona - subregions Vinos de Pueblo - Villages Vinedo Singular - Single Vineyards
199
How many Municipio names can be appended to the wine labels in Rioja
144 villages are permitted to append their names to the wines Only the village of the vineyard and cellar can be written on the label Alternatively, Vinedos en .... can be added if vineyards are from other pueblo.
200
What are the max yield restrictions on Vinedo Singular
30% lower yields than normal 45 hl/ha for whites (63 normal) 32.5hl/ha for reds (45.5 normal)
201
What factors are required to label wines as vinedo singular
``` Hand harvested Singular sites 35 years old plants - min 30% lower yields than normal Consejo tasting committee approval ```
202
What is the sparkling wine category specific to Rioja DOCa
Vino Espumoso de Calidad de Rioja Both white and Rose permitted Traditional method Manual harvest mandated
203
What are the ageing required for vinos Espumoso de Calidad de Rioja
Crianza - 15 month sur lie Reserva - 24 months sur lie Gran Reserva - 36 months sur lie
204
What dosages are permitted for Vino espumoso de Calidad de Rioja
Brut - max 12 g/l Extra Brut - max 6 g/l Brut Nature - no dosage - >3 g/l
205
What are considered to be traditional winemaking practices in Rioja
``` Blending between subregions Varietal blending Adherence to ageing classifications Open top fermentation Long, semioxidative ageing in 225L barriques ```
206
What are considered to be modern winemaking practices in Rioja
Monovarietal Tempranillo wines Single subregion or single vineyard wines Avoid ageing classifications Cold Soaking SS fermentation, temperature control Shorter elevage in new European barriques
207
What are the subzones of Navarra DO
``` Baja Montana Tierra Estella Valdizarbe Ribera Alta Ribera Baja ```
208
Which are the two most significantly planted subregions of Navarra DO
Ribera Alta Ribera Baja 2/3rd of the plantings are between these two subregions
209
Which subzone of Navarra DO focuses almost entirely on red wine production
Baja Montana - old vine garnacha reds
210
What method is used for rosado production in Navarra DO
Saignee method Direct pressing is forbidden for rosados
211
What wine styles are authorised for production in Navarra
Red, White, Rosado and Sweet wines
212
What is the difference in Tinto Crianza ageing in Navarra vs other regions
Navarra Tinto Crianza needs min 9 months in barrique vs 6 months in other regions, out of 2 years total min ageing
213
What does envejecido en roble means on Navarra Moscatel Vino de Licor bottle
Min 24 months ageing, at least 18 months in Oak
214
What are the DO's in Aragon Region
Catalayud Carinena Campo de Borja Somontano
215
Which is the largest DO in Aragon
Catalayud
216
Which river splits Catalayud DO
Jalon riven - flow north to meet Ebro
217
What are the key plantings and grapes grown in Catalayud
92% red grapes planted 2/3rd area dedicated to Garnacha Tempranillo and Syrah significant other reds
218
What does Vinas Viejas means in Catalayud DO
Old Vines - min 35 YO
219
What is Catalayud Superior
Wines made from min 85% Garnacha Vines must be 50 years or more in age
220
What is Vino de Aguja in Catalayud
Semi sparkling wines
221
Which river flows through Carinena
Huerva river - joins Ebro
222
What is the origin of Campo de Borja name
Named after Afonso de Borgia - Pope in 1455
223
Which mountain range's foothills form part of Campo de Borja DO
Moncayo Massif
224
What is the main grape grown in Campo de Borja DO
Garnacha - 75% of planted area
225
What are the principal soils found in Campo de Borja DO
Chalk and Clay
226
What is the key local white grape grown in Somontano
Alcanon
227
What are the key local red grapes grown in Somontano
Parraleta Moristel
228
What are the key white grapes grown in Somontano DO
Gewurztraminer, Riesling and Chardonnay Alcanon
229
What are the key red grapes grown in Somontano DO
Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot
230
What are the principal soils in Somontano
Limestone and clay based soils
231
What are the DO/DOCa of Catalonia
``` Priorato DOQ Allella DO Catalunya DO Cava DO (Shared) Conca de Barbera DO Costers del Segre DO Emporda DO Montsant DO Penedes DO (includes Classic Penedes) Pla de bages DO Terragona DO Terra Alta DO ```
232
Which French region does Catalonia DO share similarities with, culturally
Rousillon
233
Which two Catalonian restaurants were at the forefront of molecular gastronomy movement
El Cellar de Con Roca El Bulli
234
Who is considered the first Cava producer in Spain
Josep Raventos i Fatjo - Codorniu Raventos
235
What was Cava called before
Champan Xampany (Catalan) Champana Cava since 1970
236
What does Cava means
An underground cellar, similar to crayeres
237
Which autonomias produce Cava
``` Catalonia Valencia Aragon Basque La Rioja Navarra Extremadura 95% production is located in Cataluna ```
238
What is the main grape used for Cava in Valencia
Monastrell
239
Which is the key riddling technique in Cava
Girasol/Gyropalette - used since 1970 in Cava
240
Which three grapes in Penedes are mainstay of Cava
Macabeo - fruity breadth and structure Xarel-lo - Earthy flavours, broad midpalate, ageing Parellada - Soft, moderate acidity, floral finesse
241
Which key red grapes are employed in Rosado Cava production
``` Min 25% of the blend must be red grapes Garnacha Monastrell Pinot Noir Trepat ```
242
Which Cava grape can only be vinified for Rosado wines
Trepat
243
What techniques can be used for making Rosado Cava
Maceration Saignee Blending of red and white wines
244
What are the different classification levels in Cava
Cava de Guarda (Espumosos) Cava de Guarda Superior (Higher Aged)
245
Which cava falls under the Cava de Guarda Superior
Reserva - 18 months Gran Reserva - 30 months Cava de Paratge Qualificat - 36 months
246
What is Cava de Guarda
Younger cava, aged for 9 months on the lees
247
What is Elaborador Integral in Cava
Means 100% produced on the estate
248
Which zones are authorised for Cava
Comtats de Barcelona Valle de Ebro Vinedos de Almenralejo Zona de Lavante
249
What are the permitted vine training methods in Cava DO
En Vas En Espatllera (trellis) Cordon Vara i Polze
250
What are the max yields permitted for Cava
Cava - 12 tons/ha Cava de Guarda/Superior - 10 tons/ha Cava de Paraje Calificada - 8.8 tons/ha
251
What are the key requirements for Cava de Guarda Superior
``` 10 YO vines - min Organically farmed 10 tons/ha max Vintage dated Traceable ```
252
Cava de Paratge Calificat has which key requirements for qualifying
``` Single estates - hand harvested 10 YO vines Min 36 months on the lees Min TA - 5.5g/l No acidification Vintage dated Brut/Extra Brut/Brut Nature styles only ```
253
Which DO does Raventos i blanc wants to establish for sparkling wines
Conca del Riu Anoia
254
What is classic Penedes
Sparkling wines produced in Penedes Region by traditional or ancestral method from organic grapes 3.5 bars pressure min
255
What are the ageing requirements for classic penedes
Min 15 months before disgorgement all can be marked reservas Reserva 3 to Reserva 15 can be indicated on the label to highlight longer lees ageing from 3 to 15 yrs
256
What does No Dejorat/No Degollat stand for on a classic penedes sparkling wine
A wine made in ancestral method, aged for 4 years or more and released without disgorgement
257
Which wineries are part of Corpinnat group
``` Gramona Llopart Finca Nadal Reccaredo Sabate i Coca Torello Can Feixes Julia Barnet Mas Candi Can Descregut Finca can Comas/Pardas ```
258
What are the key regulations of Corpinnat
Organic vineyards Manual Harvest Estate vinification Long ageing - 18 months, 30 and 60 months
259
What is the oldest winery of Priorato
Cellars de Scala Dei
260
Which were the 5 famous "Clos" of Priorato that modernised and revived the DOQ
``` Clos Mogador Clos (Finca) Dofi Clos Erasmus Clos (Mas) Martinet Clos de L'Obac ```
261
Which bottling from Finca Dofi is amongst the most famous wines of Spain
L'Ermita
262
Which villages are recognised for Vi de Villa wines in Priorato
``` La Morera di Montsant Gratallops Bellmunt del Priorat Escaladei Porrera Poboleda Le Vilella Baixa La Vilella Alta El Loar Masos del Terme de Falset Solanes del Terme el Molar Torroja del Priorat ```
263
What kind of climate is found in Priorato
Serra de Montsant protects from Fierce winds Wide diurnal swings Low rainfall
264
Explain geographical features of Priorato
Serra de Montsant in northwest acts as wind barrier Siurana river cuts diagonally to meet Ebro Llicorella soils with Schistous mica and quartzite Reflective black red surface of soil radiates heat back into the vines Low yields and concentrated wines due to water scarcity
265
What are the key red grapes of the Priorato region
Garnatxa and Carinena
266
What synonym of Carinena is used in Priorato
Samso
267
What varietal restrictions apply on vi de villa wines in priorato
Min 60% Garnatxa and Carinena Min 50% if only one is present
268
What are the ageing requirements for Vi de Guarda wines (Reds)
Min 12 months in Oak
269
What is Velles Vinyes in Priorat
Vineyard designation given to vineyards planted before 1945 (75YO vines)
270
What are the tiers of Vi de Vinyas classification
Vi de Villa - village wines Vi de Paratge - Single zone wines Vi de Vinya Classificada - Quality single vineyard Vi de Gran Vinya Classificada - Top quality single vineyard wines
271
What are the key white grapes used in Priorato
``` Garnatxa Blanca Xarello Macabeo Perellada Moscatel ```
272
What kind of soils, geography and climate are found in Montsant DO
Forms a ring around Priorato DO Montsant mountains at north of the circle South West corridor has llicorella soils North is cooler with more limestone in soils South, around Falset, soils are sandier
273
Which former subzone of Terragona DO is now a DO in itself
Montsant DO is carved out of Falset subzone of Terragona
274
What are the subzones of Terragona DO
Camp de Terragona - plains near mediterranean, lower elevation Ribera d'Ebre - continental influence, river banks and hillside vineyards
275
What is Vimblanc in terragona
Vi de Licor made from overripe grapes
276
What is Garnatxa de terragona
Fortified wine, either red or white from garnatxa, aged for min 3 years, 1 in oak
277
Where is Conca de Barbera DO located
North of Terragona, inland from Penedes
278
What kind of soils are found in Conca de Barbera DO
Calcerous soils and alluvial soils alongside river Francoli and its tributary Anguera
279
What are the key geographical features of Conca de Barbera DO
High elevation, surrounded by mountains. Rivers Francoli and Anguera
280
What are the main grapes in Conca de Barbera DO
``` 2/3rd Plantings of white grapes Macabeo, perellada and Chardonnay 1/3rd red grapes Trepat is key, mainly for Rosado Cavas Tempranillo, Garnatxa, Carinyena, Monastrell and french red grapes ```
281
What are the subzones of Costers del Segre DO
``` Urgell Garrigues Pallars Jussa Raimat Artesa de Segre Segria Valle del Riucorb ```
282
Which is the most historic subregion of Costers del Segre DO
Raimat - established in 1914 by Manuel Raventos of Codorniu
283
What are the key geographic features of Costers del Segre DO
200 - 1000 M elevation River Segre flows through, a tributary of Ebro Sandy, limestone soils
284
What style of wines is Terra Alta DO famous for
Garnatxa Blanca based white wines
285
What are the key geographical features of Terra Alta DO
350 to 800 M elevation Limestone rich soils with good drainage Located south west of Terragona, near Valencia
286
What are the key growing areas in Alella DO
East to west - Coastal Sector - good for Garnatxa Blanca Transitional zone known for Xarello, Garnacha and Tempranillo Valles area with schistous limestone soils, coolest, for Xerello and non Spanish varieties
287
What soils is Alella DO known for
Saulo soils - sandy granite soils
288
What was Alella DO's historical speciality
Semi sweet white wines
289
What is the main river flowing through Pla de Bages DO
Llobregat river
290
What kind of wines is Pla de Bages known for
Picapoll Blanco and Macabeo based wines Soft, floral and slightly herbal white wines
291
Which grape is closely linked to Picapoll Blanco
Clairette (NOT Picpoul Blanc)
292
Which DO is closest to Rousillon in France
Emporda DO
293
What is the term given to semi sparkling wines in Cataluna
Aguja
294
What are the two subregions of Emporda DO
Alt Emporda -windswept, close to Albera and Rodis ranges Baix Emporda - coastal, tranquil, clay based soils
295
Which cool wind from Massif Central affects Emporda DO
Tramontana - fierce and cold wind
296
What kind of wines is Emporda famous for
Rousillon style grenache and moscatel based aged fortified wines, VDNs
297
What styles of fortified wines are made in Emporda
Rubi - Garnatxa Negre Ambre - Garnatxa Blanca Moscatel de Emporda
298
What is Vino de Uvas Sobremadurada
Aged wine of overripe grapes
299
What is the catch all DO for Catalunyan wines
Catalunya DO
300
Which wines are not permitted in Catalunya DO
Fully sparkling wines
301
Which other DO than Catalunya in Spain acts as a catch all DO for its regions
Islas Canarias DO
302
Which DOs are in Valencia region
Valencia DO Utiel Requena DO Alicante DO
303
What are the subzones of Valencia DO
Alto Turia Clariano Valentino Moscatel de Valencia
304
Which subregion of Valencia DO produces only white wines at high elevation
Alto Turia - upto 1100 M
305
Which subregion of Valencia DO produces only sweet/fortified wines
Moscatel de Valencia
306
What are the subzones of Alicante DO
``` L'Alicante L'Alcoia Alto Vinalopo Medio Vinalopo Bajo Vinalopo La Marina Alta La Marina Baja El Comtat ```
307
Which grape variety is used in Fondillon
100% Monastrell
308
What kind of wine is Fondillon
``` A red wine, non fortified, produced from late harvested, overripe Monastrell grapes Not dried after plucking Solera ageing of 10 years or more Max 40 g/l RS Olorosso style wine with RS ```
309
Name a key classic producer of Fondillon
Primitivo Quiles
310
What kind of climate is found in Alicante
Arid continental climate in Vinalopo subzones (Western) High humidity in La Marina subzones due to Coastal areas Higher elevation in El Comtat and L'Acoia subzones
311
Which is the most planted grape in Alicante DO
Monastrell - planted in over 75% of the vineyards
312
Which white local grape is used in Alicante DO white wines
Marseguera
313
Which is the main grape planted in Utiel Requena DO
Bobal - 72% plantings
314
What is Bobal Alta Expresion on wine labels in Utiel Requena DO
Min 35 years of vine age on 100% Bobal wines
315
Which part of Utiel Requena DO also contains a portion of Cava DO
Requena
316
What are the DO's within Murcia
Jumilla Yecla Bullas
317
What is the most prominent grape in Yecla DO
Monastrell
318
What are the key soil and geographic features of Yecla DO
Between 400 and 800 meters above sea level Loamy, well-drained soil sits atop limestone bedrock
319
Which Spanish DO had phylloxera in 1980's
Jumilla DO
320
What grape is solely used for making Vinos de Licor in Jumilla DO
Monastrell
321
What kind of wines are produced in Bullas DO
All types permitted, but known for fresher more acidic styles of Monastrell based reds, due to higher elevation (upto 900M) vineyards
322
Which is the sole DO in Madrid region
Vinos de Madrid DO
323
What are the subzones of Vinos de Madrid DO
Arganda, Navalcarnero, San Martín de Valdeiglesias, El Molar
324
What are the defining white and red varietals of Vinos de Madrid DO
Albillo real for white and garnacha for reds
325
What are Sobremadre wines in Vinos de Madrid DO
Traditional style of wines with upto 180 day skin contacts
326
Which spanish region produces Manchego cheese
Castilla La Mancha
327
What are the DO's in Castilla La Mancha
La Mancha, Almansa, Ribera del Júcar, Manchuela, Méntrida, Mondéjar, Uclés, Valdepeñas
328
Which DO's were carved out of La Mancha DO
Almansa Mentrida Ribera del Jucar
329
What is Marco Real
A traditional method of planting wines 2.5 metres apart from each other in La Mancha, to reduce competition for water
330
What are the key white and red grapes of La Mancha DO
Airen Cencibel (Tempranillo)
331
What is different in Ribera delJucar climate, compared to La Mancha
It gets 20% more rainfall and a Mediterranean influence compared to its westerly neighbour
332
Which white grapes are utilised for white wine production in Ribera del Jucar
Sauvignon Blanc and Moscatel de grano menudo
333
What is the main grape varieties of Manchuela DO
Bobal for reds Macabeo for quality whites
334
What are the two rivers on either sides of Manchela DO
Jucar and Cabriel
335
What are the main grapes in Almansa DO
Monastrell and Garnacha Tintorera are the key grapes in this red wine focused DO
336
Which spanish DO in Castilla la Mancha saw explosive growth during railway linking and phylloxera crisis in 1800's
Valdepenas
337
Which two valdepenas areas are supposed to make the best wines
Los Llanos - the flats Las Aberturas - the passes
338
Which grape in Mentrida is showing potential for quality wines
Grenache
339
Which two Castilla La Mancha DO are on the banks of Tagus river, bordering Vinos de Madrid DO
Ucles and Mondejar
340
What are the DO's in Extremadura region
Ribera del Guadiana DO
341
Which region is famous for its black legged pigs and Jamon Serrano
Extremadura
342
What are the other wine related important produces from Ribera del Guadiana and Extremadura
Cork trees and Brandy
343
What are the subregions of Ribera del Guadiana
Tierra de Barros, Ribera Alta, Ribera Baja, Montánchez, Matanegra, Cañamero
344
What are the DO's in Andalucia region
Condado de Huelva Granada Jerez-Xeres-Sherry Manzanilla Sanlucar de Barrameda Malaga Sierras de Malaga Montilla Morilles
345
What seperates Morocco from Andalucia
Strait of Gibraltar
346
Which grape is the key for vinos generosos of Condado de Huelva
Zalema
347
What are the two key styles for Condado de Huelva fortified wines
Palido - like fino Viejo - like olorosso
348
What is the dry wine DO with same boundries and Malaga DO
Sierras de Malaga DO
349
Which was the first Spanish region to get phylloxera
Malaga
350
Which is the newest DO in spain
Granada DO
351
What is the only subregion of Granada DO
Contraviesa-Alpujarra
352
What is different in Contraviesa Alpujarra subregion of Granada DO
Located on mediterranean coast, It makes sparkling wines from min 70% Vijiriego grape (White)
353
What are the subzones of Malaga DO
Axarquía, Montes de Málaga, Manilva, Norte, Serrania de Ronda
354
Which is the only red grape authorised for Malaga production
Rome'
355
Which Malaga area is known for growing PX
Norte
356
Which Malaga subregion is known for Sierra de Malaga wines
Serrania de Ronda
357
What kind of wines are produced in Sierras de Malaga DO
Dry white, red and rose wines with max 12g/l RS and sobremaduradas wines with max 45g/l RS
358
What are the local grapes of Malaga, permitted to be part of the wine
Doradilla, Lairen - White Rome' - Red
359
What are the most famous sweet wines of Malaga
Made via Soleo (sundried) process, dried on Espartos mats
360
What are Vinos de Uvas Pasificadas dulce wines
sweet wines produced from dried grapes, unfortified
361
What are vino tierno malagas
The fortified sweet wines that are made from sundried grapes
362
What are vino maestros malaga
Sweet wines made as mistelas, fortified before fermentation
363
What is the min ageing in Malaga wines
6 months in oak
364
What is the min ageing for Malaga Palido
No min ageing
365
What is the min ageing for Malaga Noble
2 to 3 years in Oak
366
What is Malaga Anejo
3 to 5 years in Oak
367
What is Malaga trasanejo
5 years or more in oak
368
What is arrope
Concentrated grape must heated and reduced to one-third of its original volume
369
What is pantomima
Concentrated grape must heated and reduced to 50% of its original volume
370
What is vino borracho
“drunk wine,” a fortifying agent consisting of both wine and spirit
371
What is the style of Malaga produced without arrope called
Pajarete
372
Which Balearic island has the DO's for wines
Mallorca
373
What are the two DO's on the island of Mallorca
Binissalem Pla i Llevant
374
What are the key indigenous grapes of Binissalem DO
Moll - white Manto Negro - red
375
Which is the southern most spanish appellation for wines
Canarias - 28th parallel
376
What climaticconditions make viticulture possible in Canary Islands
High elevation very fertile volcanic vineyards at upto 1500 m high less seasonal variation and less diurnal difference
377
What is the most planted grape on Canary islands
Listan Blanco (Palomino)
378
Which grape was the original Malmsay of Madeira, now not found there
Malvasia di Lipari - nams simply Malvasia on Canary islands
379
What is Malvasia volcanica/Malvasia di Lanzarote
Cross between Malvasia di Lipari and Marmajuelo of Canary islands
380
Which is the most planted red grape in Canary islands
Listan Negro - unrelated to Listan Prieto, the mission grape that also grows there
381
Which grape is called Tintilla on Canary islands
Bastardo/Trousseau
382
Which is Spain's tallest peak
Mount Teide on Tenerife - an active volcano at 3700 M
383
What are the DO on Tenerife island
Tacoronte-Acentejo, Valle de la Orotava, and Ycoden-Daute-Isora in the north, Abona and Valle de Güímar in the south
384
What kind of soils are found in Lanzarote
Ceniza soils - black volcanic soils derived from the ash and lava from the volcano eruption
385
What is the special planting method in Lanzarote
Vines are planted in Hoyos, a large circular pits about 5 M deep and 10 M circumference whte one r two vines ar eplanted in the center
386
Why are Hoyos created
To avoid hot winds that may dry the grapes as well as access the deep subsoil moisture to grow grapes in arid climate
387
What are the other volcanic soil DO's in Canary islands
La Palma El Hierro La Gomera Gran Canaria
388
What is Vino de Tea
Wines from La Palma DO aged in 500L canary pine wood casks for min 6 months - rancio style
389
What is the proposed name of Vega Sicilia winery in Rias Baixas
Deiva - making two wines, Deiva Crianza and Arnela Reserva
390
Which is the latest DO in Spain
Granada DO 2021
391
Which main grape is used in sparkling wines of subregion Contraviesa - Alpujarra in Granada
Vijiriego

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