Growth and Developmental Theories

Question 1

Define:

Erik Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development

Answer 1

They are stages that a client goes through in order to be emotionally stable.

If the client does not go through the stage, there can be life-long emotional problems.

Question 2

At what age does a client go through the Trust vs. Mistrust stage?

Answer 2

Infancy to 18 months old.

Question 3

At what age does the client go through the Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage?

Answer 3

Early childhood: 18 months-3 years old.

Question 4

At what age does a client go through the Initiative vs. Guilt stage?

Answer 4

Late childhood: 3 - 6 years old.

Question 5

At what age does a client go through the Industry vs. Inferiority stage?

Answer 5

School age: 6 - 12 years old.

Question 6

At what age does a client go through the Identity vs. Role confusion stage?

Answer 6

Adolescence: 12 - 20 years old.

Question 7

At what age does a client go through the Intimacy vs. Isolation stage?

Answer 7

Early adulthood: 20 - 35 years old.

Question 8

At what age does a client go through the Generativity vs. Stagnation stage?

Answer 8

Middle adulthood: 35 - 65 years old.

Question 9

At what age does a client go through the Integrity vs. Despair stage?

Answer 9

Later adulthood: 65 years - death.

Question 10

What actions help an infant get through the Trust vs. Mistrust stage?

Answer 10

• Hold and comfort baby
• Feed when needed
• Change diapers as needed

If these actions are not taken, the infant may not go through the stage successfully.

Question 11

What actions help a toddler get through the Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage?

Answer 11

• Allow self-feeding
• Encourage putting on and off of clothes
• Give simple choices

If these actions are not taken, the toddler may not go through the stage successfully.

Question 12

What actions help a preschool-aged child get through the Initiative vs. Guilt stage?

Answer 12

• Give medical equipment to play with
• Dolls and puppets for pretend
• Accept their choices
• Let them express feelings

If these actions are not taken, the preschool-aged child may not go through the stage successfully.

Question 13

What actions help a school-aged child get through the Industry vs. Inferiority stage?

Answer 13

• Let child do schoolwork while in hospital
• Encourage their hobbies
• Explain the procedure a few days beforehand

If these actions are not taken, the school-aged child may not go through the stage successfully.

Question 14

What actions help an adolescent get through the Identity vs. Role confusion stage?

Answer 14

• Perform physical exam without parents there (adolescent gets embarrassed easily). Have another adult in the room for safety reasons
• Encourage friends and peers to visit while in hospital

If these actions are not taken, the adolescent may not go through the stage successfully.

Question 15

What actions help a young adult get through the Intimacy vs. Isolation stage?

Answer 15

• Encourage partner support
• May need social services or rehab before going back to work

If these actions are not taken, the young adult may not go through the stage successfully.

Question 16

What actions help a middle-aged adult get through the Generativity vs. Stagnation stage?

Answer 16

Encourage socialization and volunteering.

If these actions are not taken, the middle-aged client may not go through the stage successfully.

Question 17

What actions help an older adult get through the Integrity vs. Despair stage?

Answer 17

• listen to their stories
• help with retirement living

If these actions are not taken, the older adult may not go through the stage successfully.

Question 18

What are Piaget’s 4 Stages of Development for Cognition?

Answer 18

1. Sensorimotor
2. Preoperational
3. Concrete operational
4. Formal operational

Question 19

What age span does Piaget’s Preoperational stage include?

Answer 19

2 years old - 7 years old

Pre-logical thinking and egocentric.

Question 20

What age span does Piaget’s Concrete operational stage include?

Answer 20

7 years old - 11 years old

Uses logic to solve problems.

Question 21

What age span does Piaget’s Formal operational stage include?

Answer 21

11 years old and up

Can think in the abstract and logically.