H 2018 Flashcards

Question

IV. (25) The three C’s of a good staff report are: (A) Consistency, Compatibility, Comprehensive (B) Compliance, Consistency, Compatibility (C) Compliance, Consistency, Comprehensive (D) Comprehensive, Consistency, Compatibility

Answer 1

The correct answer is (B) Staff Report findings are typically related to the concepts of compliance, consistency, and compatibility, which are often the factors considered should the case be litigated: * Compliance. The report should identify which codes the application is subject to and, generally, how it complies. It should specify sections of the code with which the project does not comply and note whether there are any waivers, alternatives, or conditions to be considered. The report should relay how the application complies with environmental, utility, traffic, and other regulations in addition to zoning. * Consistency. The staff report should describe not only the land-use map classification but whether the proposed project is consistent with the goals and policies of the adopted plan. Consistency in applying codes is also important to assure equal protection. The report should identify prior decisions, if any, and indicate why this recommendation is similar (or why it is not). * Compatibility. This is probably the most subjective and debated of the parameters. The staff report should evaluate the project’s compatibility with adjacent properties. Is the use compatible with those around it? Is the height and scale of the building compatible with those adjacent? Are the site improvements (e.g., parking) and operational features (e.g., hours of operation) in character with the surrounding uses? SOURCE: APA’s PAS QuickNotes #30: Getting the Most out of Staff Reports (2011)

Answer 2

The correct answer is “C” Goals provide a long term result, or the long-term end toward which programs or activities are ultimately directed. Objectives are more specific, measurable statements of desired or intermediate ends that are achievable and mark progress toward a goal. Policies are courses of action that indicate how the goals and objectives of a plan should be realized. Measures are metrics used to assess progress toward meeting an objective, which can consist of an output or an outcome. Above, “A” is a goal. “B” is a policy, “C” is an Objective, and “D” is a measure.

Answer 3

The correct answer is “B“ EPA defines environmental justice (EJ) as the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. Other definitions include equitable distribution of environmental risks and benefits; fair and meaningful participation in environmental decision-making; recognition of community ways of life, local knowledge, and cultural difference; and the capability of communities and individuals to function and flourish in society. Although its origins go back much earlier, in 1994, President Clinton issued Executive Order 12898, "Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations." Executive Order 12898 requires that achieving EJ must be part of each federal agency's mission and to identify and address the disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects of their actions on minority and lowincome populations. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_justice https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-executive-order-12898-federal-actions-address-environmental-justice

Answer 4

The correct answer is “B” If you had to choose only one name, the best fit would be Saul Alinsky, who is best known as the founder of modern community organizing and his book “Rules for Radicals” indicated that “The job of the organizer is to maneuver and bait the establishment so that it will publicly attack him as a 'dangerous enemy.' [According to Alinsky], the hysterical instant reaction of the establishment [will] not only validate [the organizer's] credentials of competency but also ensure automatic popular invitation.” Alinsky encouraged over-the-top public demonstrations throughout Rules for Radicals that could not be ignored, and these tactics enabled his organization to progress their goals faster than through normal bureaucratic processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saul_Alinsky#Community_organizing_and_politics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_for_Radicals However, Jane Jacobs also utilized such tactics. The Federal Housing Act of 1949 approved federal funds to cities for the demolition or rehabilitation of blighted areas, and throughout the 1950’s, Robert Moses utilized these funds to demolish entire New York neighborhoods in the name of urban renewal. Jane Jacobs opposed Moses and believed that such urban planners were destroying America's cities. She blamed the influence of the Swiss architect Le Corbusier, and his vision of an automobile oriented Radiant City, with skyscrapers surrounded by parkland on superblocks. In early 1961, Mayor Robert Wagner announced the latest New York City neighborhood to be designated as blighted: the 14 blocks bounded by 11th, Hudson, Christopher, Washington, Morton and West Streets (Greenwich Village) where Jane Jacobs lived. Shorty thereafter, she and other protesters were removed from a City Planning Commission hearing after they left their seats and marched on the podium. After she was removed from the city council hearing, her own words underlined her position: "We had been ladies and gentlemen and only got pushed around." Subsequently in 1968, she was arrested on charges of second-degree riot and criminal mischief in disrupting a public meeting on the proposed construction of Robert Moses’ Lower Manhattan Expressway (LOMEX), which would have sliced across Lower Manhattan and displaced hundreds of families and businesses. Her best known book, "The Death and Life of Great American Cities" began by stating “This book is an attack on current city planning and rebuilding”, highlighted the damage that freeways and housing projects did to the urban environment and made four recommendations for creating municipal diversity: 1. A street or district must serve several primary functions. 2. Blocks must be short. 3. Buildings must vary in age, condition, use and rentals. 4. Population must be dense. The book attack the works of Sir Patrick Geddes and Ebenezer Howard, as well as the modern city, Radiant City proposals of Le Corbusier, who championed the ideal of graceful urban towers rising over exquisite open spaces on superblocks. In later years, with her promotion of sidewalk walkability, mixed-use diverse neighborhoods and short blocks, she became an inspiration to architects and planners who espoused "New Urbanism. http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/jane-jacobs-fought-urban-renewal-west-village-article1.2962679 https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2017/04/jane-jacobs-citizen-jane-documentary https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/may/04/jane-jacobs-100th-birthday-saskia-sassen http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/25/books/jane-jacobs-urban-activist-is-dead-at-89.html https://www.cnu.org/publicsquare/progressive-roots-new-urbanism https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Death_and_Life_of_Great_American_Cities

Answer 5

The correct answer is “D” The National Academy of Sciences defines resilience to be — "the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from, and more successfully adapt to adverse events". The risk assessment process provides a factual basis for the activities proposed in the mitigation strategy, based on community historical experience, estimating the potential frequency and magnitude of disasters, and assessing the potential losses to life and property. https://www.planning.org/planning/2015/aug/nextbigone.htm

Answer 6

The correct answer is “A” Subdivision regulations control and record the process of subdividing land. A result of subdivision regulations is the preservation of land records by platting and mapping. Another result is that developers design and construct developments properly. They include: 1) land recordation, 2) local design and construction standards for improvements and lots, 3) dedication requirements in the form of land or cash-in-lieu, 4) use of developer's impact fees, 5) the institution of growth management controls. Source: "2011-2012 Chapter Presidents Council Study Manual for the AICP Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners", "Development Regulations" by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 137.

Answer 7

The best answer is (A) Although the regional planning council may be able to provide “advice” on how to effectively accomplish a visioning process, it is often best to augment staff expertise through the hiring of expert consultants where detailed technical or subject matter knowledge on a specific planning process is required. Consultants are typically skilled at facilitating the extensive public outreach and involvement required in major planning projects. Outside experts can also bring credibility and a sense of objectivity to planning processes. SEE: APA’s PAS QuickNotes #37: Hiring a Consultant: RFQs and RFPs (2012)

Answer 8

The correct answer is “A” Collaborative rationality is a stool that rests on three legs — diversity, interdependence, and authentic dialogue (DIAD). Collaboratively rational processes are about engaging with other members of a community to jointly learn and work out how to get better together in the face of conflict, complex changing conditions and multiple conflicting sources of information. DIVERSITY: The inclusion of all agents (i.e. full participation of all relevant stakeholders) is required for coherent and novel patterns of action to emerge. INTERDEPENDENCE: The condition of interdependence holds that agents must depend to a significant degree on other agents. That is, as is true in all successful negotiations, each agent (or stakeholder) has something that the others want. AUTHENIC DIALOGUE: Deliberations must be characterized by direct engagement so that the parties can test to be sure that claims are accurate, comprehensible, and sincere, and everyone involved must have equal access to all the relevant information and an equal ability to speak and be listened to. http://www.planning.org/planning/2011/feb/research.htm http://theconsensusbuildingapproach.blogspot.com/2010/02/collaborative-rationality.html

Answer 9

The correct answer is “C” Stein was a major proponent of the Garden City movement in the United States, and involved in the 1930’s development of the “Greenbelt towns” under the rural Resettlement Administration, including Greenbelt, Maryland, Greendale, Wisconsin and Greenhills, Ohio. Earlier in 1923, Stein and Henry Wright collaborated on the plan for Sunnyside Gardens, a neighborhood of the New York City borough of Queens that took the garden city ideas of Sir Ebenezer Howard as a model. Also, in 1929, Stein and Wright collaborated with Kenneth Weinberger on the plan for the Radburn community in Fair Lawn, New Jersey, roughly double the area of Sunnyside. The vision for Radburn was of an integrated self-sustaining community, surrounded by greenbelts, specialized automotive thoroughfares (main linking roads, serviced lanes for direct access to buildings, and express highways), and a complete separation of auto and pedestrian traffic. These thoroughfares were called “superblocks”. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarence_Stein

Answer 10

The correct answer is (D) Communities regulate markets and street merchants through zoning and business licensing or through standards of behavior on public property in eight key areas: 1. Vending locations – e.g. sidewalk vending or street markets 2. Exemptions – e.g. obtaining waivers from neighboring businesses 3. Permit caps – e.g. vending permit caps 4. Vending area – e.g. brightline versus flexible locational standards 5. Space allocation – e.g. space allocation by governmental vs. designated authority 6. Restrictions on certain goods – e.g. food type restrictions (fruit/vegetable only) 7. Cart or display design – e.g. cart size, less often, cart appearance 8. Fees and taxes – e.g. license, permit costs (per sq. foot vs. flat fee) SOURCE: APA’s Public Markets; “Zoning Practice” (February 2009)

Answer 11

The correct answer is B) An inclusionary housing program will likely address the community's affordable housing needs.

Answer 12

The correct answer is “D” According to the APA Code of Ethics the best thing to do in this situation is to decline the opportunity and say “no” to investing in this development. One of the main thoughts that the APA is trying to make very clear to planners is to stay out of potentially unfavorable situations that could be construed as being unethical. In answer A, you should remember that, as in this example, your husband’s financial interests are also your own. In answer B, your Director or boss should not give you permission to invest in this development. In answer C, your staff may recommend the development or show some sort of favoritism because they know that you are involved in its success or failure. Answer D, is the best on the four possible actions.

Answer 13

The correct answer is “D”. A five minute wait for governmental service is not considered an unreasonable wait; conducting personal business while serving at the public counter is inappropriate behavior by a governmental employee.

Answer 14

The correct answer is “B” Zero Base Budgeting starts from "scratch" every year. All programs have to justify their existence through analyses called decision packages. Since zero-based budgeting items require a new approval for budgeting, this means that budgets are started from a zero-base, with a fresh justification and decision on everything being made every year, regardless of whether the resulting budget item is funded at a higher or lower amount than in the previous year’s budget. 2014-2015 Chapter President’s Council (CPC) AICP Exam Prep Guide, p. 160 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-based_budgeting

Answer 15

The correct answer is “C“ The home mortgage interest deduction allows taxpayers who own their homes to reduce their taxable income by the amount of interest paid on the loan which is secured by their principal residence. Approximately half of all homeowners (~ 75 million) use this deduction, and the standard justification for the deduction is that it gives an incentive for home ownership. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_mortgage_interest_deduction http://www.investopedia.com/articles/pf/06/mortinttaxdeduct.asp http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700200108/Eliminating-the-mother-of-all-tax-deductions.html?pg=all

Answer 16

The correct answer is (C) Oregon was one of the first places in the U.S. to undergo a proliferation of community-based visioning, and the Oregon Model represents a comprehensive approach to visioning that has since gained widespread acceptance around the country. The model is framed by four simple questions: 1. Where are we now? 2. Where are we going? 3. Where do we want to be? 4. How do we get there? Some communities add a fifth step promoting action plan implementation (called the “New” Oregon Model): 5. Are we getting there? SOURCE: APA’s Planning and Urban Design Standards (2006); p. 55

Answer 17

The correct answer is “B” In his 1915 book, Cities in Evolution: An introduction to Town Planning Movement and the Study of Civics, Patrick Geddes set out his idea of the city as an instrument of evolution, and began to formulate his broader philosophy of regional planning. He proposed that the development of the city was just one part of a wider network and that city planning therefore was not just the relationship between streets and public spaces, but also the city and the surrounding countryside, the drama of human history being as important as geography. Urban planning therefore needed to take the past and geography in context. He was the first to develop the concept of ‘conurbations’, ever-expanding urban communities, estimating that the east coast of America could turn into one vast city stretching for 500 miles. Geddes himself was a poor communicator of his own ideas and he found the perfect disciple in Lewis Mumford, an American writer who would later become the most influential architecture critics of his generation. As a leading member of the Regional Planning Association of America, Mumford transformed and popularized Geddes’s theories, that allowing cities to grow unchecked was intolerable, promoting the idea that people, industry and land were an integrated network that needed to be planned. https://citiesaregoodforyou.com/2011/09/27/evolution-and-planning-why-has-everyone-forgotten-geddes/

Answer 18

The correct answer is C) There is a very good possibility that the image file has not been registered in the same projection and/or coordinate system as your other data files. GIS places data layers where they belong on the earth's surface. In this manner, data that belongs in Wisconsin appears in Wisconsin and data that belongs in Massachusetts appears in Massachusetts. If an image has not been registered correctly or is in a different coordinate system, it will not appear with the rest of your data. Instead, it will be positioned on a different part of the globe.

Answer 19

The correct answer is (C) This is a question about immediateness of action and order of action. In the military land-use compatibility context, a moratorium might likely be used to serve a valid public purpose (i.e. planning in progress) because it restricts development while local government prepares a permanent plan to address public safety and military readiness—both vital public interests. The planning could happen through either the airfield oriented Air Installation Compatible Use Zone (AICUZ) process, or a Joint Land Use Study (JLUS) involving the military base, local government, and the public. For example, a comprehensive plan’s land-use element might address the issue of compatible use by calling for implementation of the AICUZ study or JLUS, which might be codified through the adoption of a Military overlay addressing the height, noise, and accident potential zones contained in the base’s AICUZ study, and imposing specific landuse regulations in addition to a property’s underlying zoning designation. Finally, a local government might use amortization to provide a non-conforming use property owner a reasonable time to phase out nonconforming uses and structures that interfere with military operations, but once that time has expired, the nonconformity would have to be terminated. SOURCE: APA’s Compatibility: Land-Use Compatibility Near Military Bases: A Planner’s Perspective; “Zoning Practice” (May 2011)

Answer 20

The correct answer is C). Although the consultant may be able to temporarily employ an assistant to help out, typically, clients feel they have hired the consultant's expertise (not the firm's). It is not reasonable to expect a client to accept the late entry of a new person. Likewise, the consultant should not expect a project to be delayed while he/she finishes other projects. If the consultant can not perform the work the contract must be turned down.

Answer 21

The correct answer is “B”. General citizen customer satisfaction is more likely tied to citizen-oriented actions such as improving general access to information (e.g. public information desk and a layman’s guide), rather than actions focusing on development interest related actions such as faster entitlements or internal staff oriented actions such as the establishment of a centralized permitting system.

Answer 22

The correct answer is C) Aristotle was a critic of Hippodamus’ idea of straight streets and a gridded layout. He argued that, while a town planned in a grid is certainly more visually appealing than a haphazardly planned urban area, the latter is better for deterring invaders. If a city is infiltrated, the trespassers would easily be able to navigate through the streets if they are planned out in an orderly way. However, poorly planned streets are much easier to get lost in, and intruders not familiar with the city would be at a loss in such a place. Basically, orderly planning is good for beauty, haphazard planning (or lack thereof) is better for security. See: http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/CityPlan.htm http://www.academia.edu/4378826/Centenary_Paper_Plan_and_constitution_Aristotle_s _Hippodamus_towards_an_ostensive_definition_of_spatial_planning_2009 From: https://desktopexplorer.wordpress.com/tag/hippodamus-of-miletus/

Answer 23

The best answer is “B” Planning Directors hired by a Council, Commission or Mayor typically report directly to the Council, Commission or Mayor hiring them, and serve “at will”.

Answer 24

The correct answer is A) When you learn that a violation has occurred, bring it to the attention of your director or supervisor. If you learn that the violation has occurred unintentionally, suggest remedies, such as delaying action on the plan until there is adequate time for a participatory process, scheduling a number of participatory events quickly, publicizing the events well, and revising the plan accordingly. It might be a good idea to discuss the situation with a more experienced planner. If the violation has occurred and you discover that the violation has occurred intentionally, this is a very serious situation because as planners we shall not accept an assignment from an employer when the service to be performed involves conduct that we know to be illegal (Rules of Conduct #2).

Answer 25

The correct answer is B) Cost benefit analysis compares both the tangible and intangible (externalities) costs and revenues of a particular project or program compares what a community gains from the project benefits to what the community must forego in order to achieve it. Any project with a ratio higher than one provides more benefits than it costs. 2014-2015 Chapter President’s Council AICP Exam Prep Guide, p. 161

Answer 26

The correct answer is “D” FAR = floor area ratio = building area / lot area. A two story building built over an entire lot has a FAR of 2; if that Floor Area Ratio of 2 were to be totally built on only ½ of the site, it would still contain the same square footage, but now be 4 stories high. For the examples given: (A) = 6 story building; (B) = 15 story building; (C) = 12 story building; (D) = 20 story building.

Answer 27

The correct answer is “C” Complete Streets is a transportation policy and design approach that requires streets to be planned, designed, operated, and maintained to enable safe, convenient and comfortable travel and access for users of all ages and abilities regardless of their mode of transportation. APA Planning Advisory Service (PAS) Report 559: Complete Streets: Best Policy and Implementation Practices (March 2010). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete_streets http://www.planning.org/pas/quicknotes/pdf/QN5.pdf http://www.planning.org/planning/2005/may/completestreets.htm

Answer 28

The correct answer is “C” Economic base analysis is the study of cities and regions which focuses on basic service (export) ratios, the ratio of employment in basic activities to employment in non-basic activities which utilizes economic multipliers. Basic industries are defined as local or regional industries with an industry employment / total employment ratio higher than the national ratio for the industry (note: this can include industries such as “Finance, insurance, and real estate”). Non basic industries have a lower industry employment total employment ratio than the nation. Varies with the size of community: the larger the community, the larger the multiplier (more places to spend money). Service economies can export knowledge/service. Once basic employment is identified, the outlook for future basic employment is investigated sector by sector and future projections are made sector by sector. In turn, this permits the projection of future total employment in the region. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_base_analysis 2014-2015 CPC AICP Exam Study Guide, Quantitative Methods, p. 161. APA’s Planning and Urban Design Standards (2006); pp. 507-508.

Answer 29

The correct answer is “C” A census block is the smallest geographic unit used by the United States Census Bureau for tabulation of 100-percent data (data collected from all houses, rather than a sample of houses). Census blocks are grouped into block groups, which are grouped into census tracts. There are on average about 39 blocks per block group. Blocks are typically bounded by streets, roads or creeks. In cities, a census block may correspond to a city block, but in rural areas where there are fewer roads, blocks may be limited by other features. The population of a census block varies greatly from zero to hundreds, but has an average size of about 100 people. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census_block

Answer 30

The correct answer is “D” Standards were written for the first transect-based zoning codes, eventually to become the SmartCode (released in 2003 by Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company). The six Transect Zones provide the basis for real neighborhood structure, which requires walkable streets, mixed use, transportation options, and housing diversity. The T-zones vary by the ratio and level of intensity of their natural, built, and social components. To systemize the analysis and coding of traditional patterns, a prototypical American rural-to-urban SmartCode transect has been divided into six Transect Zones, or T-zones (below), for application on zoning maps. SEE: http://www.transect.org/transect.html & http://www.miami21.org/TheTransect.asp

Answer 31

The correct answer is “A“ Fishbowls involve a small group of people (usually 5-8) seated in circle, having a conversation in full view of a larger group of listeners. Fishbowl processes provide a creative way to include the “public” in a small group discussion. They can be used in a wide variety of settings, including workshops, conferences, organizational meetings and public assemblies. Fishbowls are useful for ventilating “hot topics” or sharing ideas or information from a variety of perspectives. When the people in the middle are public officials or other decision-makers, this technique can help bring transparency to the decision-making process and increase trust and understanding about complex issues. In an open fishbowl, any member of the audience can, at any time, occupy the empty chair and join the fishbowl. When this happens, an existing member of the fishbowl must voluntarily leave the fishbowl and free a chair. The discussion continues with participants frequently entering and leaving the fishbowl. http://www.kstoolkit.org/Fish+Bowl https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishbowl_(conversation) 2014-2015 Chapter President’s Council AICP Exam Prep Guide, p. 122

Answer 32

The correct answer is “D” After 1880, cotton production in the South began to grow and mills were opened in the South, some as branches of Northern operations. African-Americans, many of whom were familiar with technology unlike the Northern immigrants, staffed the cotton mills with cheap labor. The South's mill owners not only benefited from cheap labor, they also entered the textile industry at a time of unprecedented technological advancement. The mill owners incorporated the most modern machines into their factories which allowed them to increase production and cut labor costs. At the end of the nineteenth century, however, railroads helped open up the nearby coalfields in West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky, Alabama, and Tennessee. As mining companies grew, they produced coal that allowed textile mill owners to use steam engines. This increased the size of the mills and their level of production. The Southern textile industry relied in large part on the labor of children. Between 1880 and 1910, roughly a quarter of all textile workers were under the age of 16. Reformers eventually began to chip away at the use of child labor. But early efforts to curb the practice failed. Children did not disappear from the mills in the South until economic conditions and technological advancements made their labor more expensive than that of adults. African-Americans, many of whom were familiar with technology unlike the Northern immigrants, staffed the cotton mills with cheap labor. http://research.library.gsu.edu/c.php?g=115684&p=751981 https://historyengine.richmond.edu/episodes/view/246

Answer 33

The correct answer is “D”. Federal legislation passed in the early 1970s required the formation of a Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) for any urbanized area (UA) with a population greater than 50,000. MPOs were created in order to ensure that existing and future expenditures for transportation projects and programs were based on a continuing, cooperative and comprehensive (3-C) planning process. Federal funding for transportation projects and programs is channeled through the MPO. MPOs in air quality nonattainment and maintenance areas are required to ensure that emissions from transportation investments will not cause new violations or affect an area's schedule to attain the air quality standards. The Clean Air Act (CAA) of 1990 identifies the actions states and MPOs must take to reduce emissions from on-road mobile sources in nonattainment and maintenance areas. http://www.planning.dot.gov/documents/briefingbook/bbook.htm#4BB http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_planning_organization http://www.h-gac.com/taq/airquality/faq/

Answer 34

The correct answer is “C“ The basic foundation for planning and zoning in the U.S. was laid by two standard state enabling acts published by the U.S. Department of Commerce in the 1920s. The first of these, the Standard State Zone Enabling Act, was developed by an advisory committee on zoning appointed by Secretary of Commerce (and later President) Herbert Hoover, with the first printed edition in May 1924, and a revised edition in 1926. The SSZEA had nine sections, including a statement that zoning regulations must be “in conformance with a comprehensive plan” but did not define the term. PAS Quick Note 52: Local Comprehensive Plan https://www.planning.org/media/document/9007647/ https://www.planning.org/growingsmart/enablingacts.htm

Answer 35

The correct answer is “D”. Universal design refers to broad-spectrum ideas meant to produce buildings, products and environments that are inherently accessible to both people without disabilities and people with disabilities. The term "Universal design" was coined by the architect Ronald L. Mace to describe the concept of designing all products and the built environment to be aesthetic and usable to the greatest extent possible by everyone, regardless of their age, ability, or status in life. Universal Design involves making our homes and cities accessible to all people. Source: APA Planning Magazine April 2002, "What Difference has the ADA Made?" by Terry S. Szold, page 12.

Answer 36

The correct answer is “B”.

Answer 37

The correct answer is “C “ The theory of state preeminence over local governments was expressed as Dillon's Rule in an 1868 case: "Municipal corporations owe their origin to, and derive their powers and rights wholly from, the legislature. It breathes into them the breath of life, without which they cannot exist. As it creates, so may it destroy. If it may destroy, it may abridge and control.” In other words, in a Dillon Rule state, local governments are devoid of authority absent an explicit delegation of power from the state. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Forrest_Dillon

Answer 38

The correct answer is “A” The Mugler v. Kansas (1887) Supreme Court decision held that a state’s legislation prohibiting the manufacture of intoxicating liquor within its jurisdiction does not infringe on any right or privilege secured by the Constitution of the United States, including the 14th amendment, was not a taking, and found that the authority for the statute strictly relied upon Kansas's police power. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mugler_v._Kansas http://www.oyez.org/cases/1851-1900/1887/1887_0

Answer 39

The correct answer is “D” By the mid 1990's, there was concern about growth management, and a national movement sometimes called "smart growth" has grown. This growth management effort raised questions of regional planning, since because there was an absence of regional coordination, initiatives by local jurisdictions could be undercut by neighboring communities. Source, JAPA, Summer 2002, "The New Regionalism" by Stephen Wheeler, page 269.

Answer 40

The correct answer is (D) In 1929, Clarence Perry developed the neighborhood unit plan in response to the advent of the automobile and was also an attempt to identify the local community as a separate entity with its own qualities and needs. The neighborhood unit was to be distinct enclave, separate from the rest of the city. Perry's idea was to create homogeneous "superblocks" separating vehicular and pedestrian traffic; providing ample open space; and developing community life around the neighborhood school. Perry's concept was the basis for the development of the widely acclaimed plan for Radburn, New Jersey, which incorporated Perry's concepts - the superblock, interior park, higher density clustering near the parkland, and hierarchial traffic separation. Le Corbusier's "The Radiant City" (1935) envisioned a city laid out in a near perfect grid of superblocks, which became the basis for much of the public housing projects later built in the United States.

Answer 41

The correct answer is (B) Right-to-farm laws are designed to accomplish one or both of the following objectives: (1) to strengthen the legal position of farmers when neighbors sue them for private nuisance; and (2) to protect farmers from anti-nuisance ordinances and unreasonable controls on farming operations. In most states, “coming to the nuisance” does not necessarily prevent farm neighbors from winning in court, but a farmer usually has a stronger legal case if his or her operation was there before the plaintiff moved to the area. Right-to-farm laws give farmers a legal defense against nuisance suits; the strength of that defense depends on the provisions of the law and the circumstances of the case. http://www.farmland.org/programs/states/wa/documents/APPENDIXI-Righttofarmlaws.pdf

Answer 42

The correct answer is “A” Satisficing is a method for making a choice from a set of alternatives encountered sequentially when one does not know much about the possibilities ahead of time. In such instances, there may be no optimal solution for when to stop searching for further alternatives. Satisficing takes the shortcut of setting an adjustable aspiration level and ending the search for alternatives as soon as one is encountered that exceeds the aspiration level. Source: www.argospress.com

Answer 43

The correct answer is “A” Rule of Conduct #12: We shall not misstate our education, experience, training, or any other facts which are relevant to our professional qualifications. The other options are all Aspirational Principles.

Answer 44

The correct answer is “C” A Charrette is an intensive, interactive problem solving process with meetings convened around the development of specific plans, also sometimes called a “Design In”. Within a specified time limit, participants work together intensely to reach a resolution. The sponsoring agency usually sets the goals and time limit and announces them ahead of time. A leader’s responsibility is to bring out all points of view from concerned local residents as well as agency representatives and experts. A visual preference survey is a technique that assists the community in determining which components of a plan or project environment contributes positively to a community's overall image or features. As the name implies, the technique is based on the development of one or more visual concepts of a proposed plan or project. Once the visual concepts are developed, they are used in a public forum or other specialized public gathering to provide the public with an opportunity to review, study, and comment on their preferences for the features depicted by the visual representations. Typical uses of visual preference surveys include helping the community define the preferences for architectural style, signs, building setbacks, landscaping, parking areas, size/scope of transportation facilities, surfaces finishes, and other design elements. Visual preference surveys can complement other survey techniques. It can also be used as part of a wider set of techniques to help educate the public about key features of a project or plan and to assist in the development of ideas or concepts. Consequently, visual preference surveys can be used in conjunction with public meetings or hearings, activities involving vision development, design charrettes, and focus group discussions or small group meetings. The use of the Delphi technique and Task Force meetings are typically not held as public workshops. https://www.planning.dot.gov/publicinvolvement/pi_documents/2b-b.asp#toc2b-b https://www.planning.dot.gov/publicinvolvement/pi_documents/4c-g.asp 2014-2015 Chapter Presidents Council AICP Exam Prep guide; pp. 121-126

Answer 45

The correct answer is “D” In economics, fixed costs, indirect costs or overheads are business expenses that are not dependent on the level of goods or services produced by the business. They tend to be timerelated, such as salaries, insurance, taxes or rents being paid per month, and are often referred to as overhead costs. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed_cost http://www.teachmefinance.com/Financial_Terms/fixed_costs.html https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fixedcost.asp

Answer 46

The correct answer is B) FROM: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_of_service Level-of-Service E describes operations at capacity. Flow becomes irregular and speed varies rapidly because there are virtually no usable gaps to maneuver in the traffic stream and speeds rarely reach the posted limit. Vehicle spacing is about 6 car lengths, however speeds are still at or above 50 mi/h(80 km/h). Any disruption to traffic flow, such as merging ramp traffic or lane changes, will create a shock wave affecting traffic upstream. Any incident will create serious delays. Driver's level of comfort become poor. LOS E is a common standard in larger urban areas, where some roadway congestion is inevitable. The Highway Capacity Manual and AASHTO Geometric Design of Highways and Streets ("Green Book") list the following levels of service: A= Free flow B=Reasonably free flow C=Stable flow D=Approaching unstable flow E=Unstable flow F=Forced or breakdown flow

Answer 47

The correct answer is B) Special permits are appropriate instruments for siting uses a community considers essential, but may require special attention due to environmental threats.

Answer 48

The correct answer is “D” Economic base analysis is the study of cities and regions which focuses on basic service (export) ratios, the ratio of employment in basic activities to employment in non-basic activities which utilizes economic multipliers. Basic industries are defined as local or regional industries with an industry employment / total employment ratio higher than the national ratio for the industry (note: this can include industries such as “Finance, insurance, and real estate”). Non basic industries have a lower industry employment total employment ratio than the nation. Varies with the size of community: the larger the community, the larger the multiplier (more places to spend money). Service economies can export knowledge/service. Once basic employment is identified, the outlook for future basic employment is investigated sector by sector and future projections are made sector by sector. In turn, this permits the projection of future total employment in the region. This, in turn, allows for the political determination of future development options (e.g. increased incentives for equestrian industries in your jurisdiction which is projected to be your basic industry). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_base_analysis 2014-2015 CPC AICP Exam Study Guide, Quantitative Methods, p. 161. APA’s Planning and Urban Design Standards (2006); pp. 507-508.

Answer 49

The correct answer is “C” Congestion pricing is the practice of charging motorists more to use a roadway, bridge or tunnel during periods of the heaviest use. Its purpose is to reduce automobile use during periods of peak congestion, thereby easing traffic and encouraging commuters to walk, bike or take mass transit as an alternative. http://www.planning.org/planning/2008/may/congestion.htm http://transalt.org/issues/congestion

Answer 50

The correct answer is “A” From the information provided, the fears of the School District for an increase in school aged children may not be as negatively affected by this proposed development. In fact, one could argue that the development would actually be a benefit to the School District. The reason being that historically across the nation, the number of school aged children created as a result of new multi-family residential developments is less than the number created by single family homes. Based upon the information we know, the number of school aged children would be expected to be less. The planner should continue to explore the density being proposed to make sure that there would actually be more children at the end of the day. The carrying capacity of the existing school facilities would be expected to remain the same if not better according to projections. Therefore, based upon the facts given this development should be recommended for approval.

Answer 51

The correct answer is C) Ian McHarg set the standard for modern landscape architecture and planning with a design approach that made natural forms and processes paramount in the design process. Formerly, much landscape design and planning had occurred without regard to nature's inherent wisdom, instead introducing foreign manmade forms on the land without regard to natural context. Mr. McHarg employed a thorough inventory of existing conditions and program elements and a layering system which facilitated easier analysis and manipulation of these various layers of information. The design goal was intended to be holistic and in harmony with the land's natural forms and processes.

Answer 52

The correct answer is “D“ Scenario planning tools use the best in available technology (e.g. GIS, charrettes) to help citizens visualize different futures for their cities and regions, typically by taking inputs such as density, mixed-use development, and transportation nodes, together with population estimates, to show different outcomes, assess resilience or model hazard effects. https://planning-org-uploaded-media.s3.amazonaws.com/document/Scenario-PlanningReport.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scenario_planning https://www.lincolninst.edu/es/news/lincoln-house-blog/scenario-planning-tools-bloom

Answer 53

The correct answer is A) FAR (floor area ratio) = building floor area sf / parcel sf. The 3-story building has a total of 30,000 square feet. The overall 1.4 acre site contains 60,984 square feet (1.4 acres x 43,560 sf/acre = 60,984 sf). For this site, the FAR is equivalent to 30,000 sf / 60,984 sf = 0.492 or approximately 0.5.

Answer 54

The correct answer is “D“ Big data is defined as a collection of data that is too large and complex to be stored, transferred, shared, curated, and analyzed by traditional processing methods. Massive amounts of data are being generated by sensors, cell phones, tablets, GPS devices, retail rewards cards, and credit cards — as well as digital interactions like swiping a public transit card, texting, emailing, watching and posting online videos, shopping online, and using Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. As a tool, big data offers significant benefits for planners and others in the business of planning, managing, and improving cities: * More detailed data for enhanced, data-driven decisions. * A more efficient way to manage resources and evaluate existing programs and policies. * Near- or real-time analysis that allows users to see what's happening in cities (e.g., transportation) second by second. * Quantitative support in the form of statistics, models, maps, and simulations that planners can show city officials, developers, and others to demonstrate how and why they came to certain decisions. * New ways to cross-analyze and visualize datasets to gain new insights and identify new relationships. * Enhanced public-private partnerships to obtain, aggregate, analyze, and apply data to cities in ways that benefit all parties involved and ultimately improve the quality of urban life. Detroit in December 2013 and January 2014 actually utilized a smartphone app to enable 150 volunteers to survey Detroit's 375,000 land parcels for blight/vacancy over the course of about 30 working days by driving around, photographing properties, and texting photos and descriptions to a database in a process called "blexting" (blight + texting). Any Detroit resident can download the Blexting app and take an active role in surveying neighborhoods for vacant buildings and help keep the dataset up to date. https://www.planning.org/planning/2015/apr/datadriven.htm https://www.planning.org/blog/blogpost/9122182/

Answer 55

The correct answer is “D” A building moratorium is appropriate to temporarily stop construction within a watershed while government is acquiring land, as long as it’s for a reasonable timeframe (e.g. less than 32 months). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahoe-Sierra_Preservation_Council,_Inc._v._Tahoe_Regional_Planning_Agency

Answer 56

The correct answer is (C) When planners look at the way cities are created and how they change over time, three different forms emerge: (1) the grid; (2) the strip, and (3) the master planned community. They tell a lot about how cities and towns change and what they will look like in the future. http://www.planning.org/planning/2007/jul/shapeofthecity.htm

Answer 57

The correct answer is “C” Large lot subdivisions tend to be in rural areas, with lots often 5 acres or larger in size; tend to be expensive (so that first time buyers tend to be older); are typically exclusively residential (i.e. few jobs); and increase property values of the rural lands.

Answer 58

The answer is “D” Unlike line-item budgets (Option B), which lists total departmental appropriations by items for which the city will spend funds, a program budget displays a series of “mini-budgets,” which show the cost of each of the activities that city departments perform. Program budgeting enables the city council and administrator to identify the total cost of each municipal service and set spending levels and priorities accordingly by program. (Option A) depicts Zero-Based budgeting. A five year capital improvements plan (Option C) can be used in all three budget types. The Practice of Local Government Planning, Third Edition, p. 417 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-based_budgeting http://global.oup.com/us/companion.websites/fdscontent/uscompanion/us/static/companion.web sites/9780195387452/Budget%20Formats%204-10.pdf

Answer 59

The correct answer is “A” Fiscal impact analysis is one of many tools that can be used by planners to make informed decisions about changes to land-use regulations or proposed development projects. Fiscal impact analysis is best used to determine whether a particular project or scale of development within a community will generate sufficient revenues to defray the necessary public service costs. It is typically used to evaluate overall financial implications to local governments of alternative patterns and densities of land development. 2014-2015 Chapter President’s Council (CPC) AICP Exam Prep Guide, p. 161 https://www.planning.org/publications/report/9026994/

Answer 60

The correct answer is “A” There are generally three types of categories allowed in permitted land uses: 1) Principle uses, these are uses that are allowed by right; 2) Accessory uses, these are land uses that are permitted only if they are incidental to the principle use; 3) Special uses, these are land uses allowed only by a special review. Source: "2011-2012 Chapter Presidents Council Study Manual for the AICP Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners", page 131.

Answer 61

The correct answer is “D” Jean Gottmann coined the expression, Megalopolis, when referring to the extended urban region that contained several metro areas which appear to form a single agglomeration. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Planning History Summary" by John M. Janson, AICP, PDO, Utah Chapter, APA, West Valley City, UT., 2002, page 75.

Answer 62

The correct answer is D) Representatives from all interest groups is best.

Answer 63

The correct is “B” Once development rights have been purchased, the land is likely to stay in agricultural use indefinitely.

Answer 64

The correct answer is “D”

Answer 65

The correct answer is “D” A food desert is a geographic area where affordable & healthy food is difficult to obtain, particularly for those without access to an automobile. Food deserts often exist in rural areas and low-income, poor neighborhoods populated by ethnic or racial minorities that lack convenient access to affordable, healthful food. http://www.planning.org/planning/2009/aug/whenaccess.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_desert

Answer 66

The correct answer is (B) Utopianism believes that planning is most effective when it proposes sweeping changes that capture the public imagination. Some examples include Le Corbusier's “Contemporary City”; Ebenezer Howard's “Garden City”; Daniel Burnham's “White City”; and Frank Lloyd Wright's “Broadacre City”. Each of these "visionary" plans has as its underlying purpose the improvement of mankind's urban experience through extensive changes in conventional methods.

Answer 67

The correct answer is C) The first thing to do might be to carefully review the data and procedures used in the analysis for accuracy and completeness (Ethical Principle 1). You should document everything during this entire process such as the date and nature of your supervisor’s request and the sources of data used to draw the conclusion that the consultant’s price is too high. Then write your report and submit it to your supervisor.

Answer 68

The correct answer is B) The City Humane Movement developed as a result of the Depression of the 1930s. It concentrated on social and economic issues and ways of alleviating the problems of unemployment, poverty, and urban plight. From: http://www.cityofbenson.com/vertical/sites/%7BF59197D1-30ED-49AE-8751- 2EBA89C105BA%7D/uploads/pzhandbook_email.pdf http://www.csun.edu/~schoi/urbs310_planninghistory_wk6.pdf

Answer 69

The correct answer is “C” <> The concentric zone model, also known as the Burgess model is one of the earliest theoretical models to explain urban social structures. Based on human ecology theory done by Burgess and applied on Chicago, it was the first to give the explanation of distribution of social groups within urban areas. This concentric ring model depicts urban land usage in concentric rings: the Central Business District (or CBD) was in the middle of the model, and the city expanded in rings with different land uses. The zones identified are: 1. The center was the central business district, 2. The first ring (zone) outside the CBD was the factory zone 3. The transition zone of mixed residential and commercial uses or the zone of transition 4. Working class residential homes 5. Better quality middle-class homes (Outer Suburbs) or zone of better housing 6. Commuters zone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentric_zone_model

Answer 70

The correct answer is “B” This is a “Citizens” Steering Committee, with the Director appointed to represent the City as its “sole staff person on the committee”. The Director should not take over its leadership, direct its discussion topics, nor fail to staff the committee.

Answer 71

The correct answer is “B“ Rule of Conduct 4 states that “We shall not, as salaried employees, undertake other employment in planning or a related profession, whether or not for pay, without having made full written disclosure to the employer who furnishes our salary and having received subsequent written permission to undertake additional employment, unless our employer has a written policy which expressly dispenses with a need to obtain such consent.” Option III is an Aspirational Principle, but is coupled with an incorrect option. https://www.planning.org/ethics/ethicscode/

Answer 72

The correct answer is “D”. Option III is non-responsive to the request for assistance in downtown economic development revitialization.

Answer 73

The answer is (B) Harvey Molotch's 1976 classic paper "The City as a Growth Machine" took the dominant convention of studying urban land use and turned it on its head. Molotch’s great insight was to understand that land parcels are not empty fields awaiting human action, but are associated with specific interests: commercial, sentimental, and psychological; and that especially important in the shaping of cities were the real estate interests of those whose properties gain value when growth takes place. These actors make up what Molotch termed "the local growth machine" -- a term now standard in the urban studies lexicon. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_Molotch#The_City_as_a_Growth_Machine

Answer 74

The correct answer is “A“ <>

Answer 75

The correct answer is “B” Parklets are miniature parks, effectively sited on underused public pavement such as parking spaces and serving as an extension of the sidewalk to provide amenities and green space for people using the street. The basic parklet is a platform with benches, chairs, and planters. A pocket park is a small park accessible to the general public, often created on a single vacant building lot or on small, irregular pieces of land. http://www.planning.org/thenewplanner/2012/win/parklets.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parklet http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocket_park

Answer 76

The correct answer is “C” Advocacy Planning has an assumption that there is no common, overall, or identified public interest to be served. But instead the planner serves a variety of groups with often diverse and opposing interests and goals. A planner should serve a given group (client) and do so openly. “Fishbowl Planning” is a type of public participation technique that allows citizens to address themselves to proposals through workshop formats; an “Alinsky Organization” typically has a paid organizer, but not necessarily a planner, involved in citizen organizing with a basic philosophy that power is the basis for successfully negotiating for economic and political gains; the “Ladder of Citizen Participation”, developed by Sherry Arnstein, defines citizen participation in terms of the amount of control citizens have over policy decisions. Source: "2011-2012 Chapter Presidents Council Study Manual for the AICP Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents’ Council American Planning Association, "Citizen Participation in Planning" by Terry Langlois, AICP, Memphis TN, page 124. Fishbowl planning - http://www.dse.vic.gov.au/effective-engagement/toolkit/tool-fishbowl Alinsky Organization - http://www.uic.edu/depts/lib/findingaids/MSIAF_71

Answer 77

The correct answer is (D) The typical components of a form-based code include: 1. Building Form Standards: Building form standards are form-based zone standards that replace the existing zone standards. They are the core component of an FBC and typically regulate the configuration, features, and functions (uses) for buildings that define and shape the public realm. To be the most effective, their content should be generated primarily by community character documentation as opposed to the preexisting zone standards for each area. 2. Regulating Plan: A regulating plan is the map assigning the code’s various standards to physical locations, including the form-based zone standards. It replaces the zoning map in a form-based code. In a citywide form-based code it is the same as the zoning map and will have form-based and non-form-based zones on it. It is usually applied in a more fine-grained manner than a zoning map, taking existing and intended form into account. 3. Frontage Type Standards: Frontage type standards regulate the appropriate transition from the private realm to the public realm. The ultimate intent of frontage standards is to ensure, after a building is located correctly, that its interface with the public realm and the transition between the two are detailed appropriately. 4. Public Space Standards: Public space standards are specifications for the elements within the public realm, including thoroughfares and civic spaces. Thoroughfare standards incorporate detailed requirements for sidewalk, parking lane, and travel lane widths and street tree locations. Civic space standards regulate parameters, such as maximum and minimum size, and introduce a range of nonsuburban civic space types into a city or town. 5. Building Type Standards: Many FBCs include building type standards that are supplemental to the building form standards. They introduce an appropriate range of building types that are allowed within each form-based zone and regulate form characteristics specific to each type. To be effectively regulated, especially when applied at a larger scale, building type standards should be tied back directly to zone standards. A common misconception is that form-based codes do not regulate land use. While form-based coding uses form rather than use for its framework or organizing principle, form-based codes are not silent on use and do include use tables. The use regulations simply become tertiary to the form standards instead of being the primary regulation, and they are simplified and vetted by the code writer so as not to compromise the intent of the form-based code. FROM: APA’s Form-Based Zoning; “Zoning Practice” 2013(5); pp. 3-4

Answer 78

The correct answer is “B“ This situation would most likely include a discussion of the similar Supreme Court case that established the “essential nexus” test - Nollan v. California Coastal Commission, 483 U.S. 825 (1987), in which the court determined that there must be a connection (i.e. an “essential nexus”) between a permit exaction and the purpose of the development requirement (or developmental impact). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nollan_v._California_Coastal_Commission

Answer 79

The correct answer is “C” Bias is the systematic error resulting in deviation in estimates of population parameters caused by faulty design and/or deficient execution of sampling process. The bias is not a result of sample size and hence increasing the sample size will not reduce bias in estimates. The two broad types of bias include Measurement Bias (i.e. errors occurring during real time sampling) and Non-representative sampling Bias (often intentional, “selection bias” = due to not implementing random methods during the selection process, which results in either inadequate or excess representation of some elements in the population, sometimes encouraged by survey sponsors to project their interest in the sample inference). http://math.tutorvista.com/statistics/bias.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias_(statistics)

Answer 80

The correct answer is “B“ Scientists easily linked some Lake Erie red tide blooms to runoff of phosphorous-rich fertilizer spread on Ohio farms to maximize crop production, but there's also a connection to rising global temperatures. Lake Erie is shallow and warms easily, favoring algae growth. But there's another, less obvious link to global warming: more intense rainstorms that sweep the phosphorous into rivers flowing into Lake Erie. In the past decade, U.S. had twice as many record highs as record lows. https://www.planning.org/planning/2015/oct/unwelcomestranger.htm

Answer 81

The correct answer is “A”. The Housing and Community Development Act of 1974amended the Housing Act of 1937 to create the Section 8 housing program. Section 8 of the Housing Act authorizes the payment of rental housing assistance to private landlords on behalf of approximately 3.1 million low-income households in the United States. The largest part of the section is the Housing Choice Voucher program which pays a large portion of the rents and utilities of about 2.1 million households. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Community_Development_Act_of_1974 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Section_8_(housing)

Answer 82

The correct answer is C) Options II and IV are considered to be “Line Employees”, rather than Staff. Staff workers derive influence from expert authority or "authority of knowledge," from their control of information which may be vital to line managers, and from their closer access to upper management (e.g. planners, accountants). Line employees directly advance an organization in its core work, such as police and fire protection, or garbage removal in governmental agencies. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staff_and_line

Answer 83

The correct answer is C) It would be poor judgment and unethical to limit or exclude neighborhood groups from community planning activities. Ideally, a community should enjoy the benefits of collaboration between organized groups and the planning staff.

Answer 84

The correct answer is “C” From 1969 to 1979, Cleveland’s city planning staff under Norman Krumholz’s leadership conducted a unique experiment in equity oriented planning. Fighting to defend the public welfare while also assisting the city’s poorest citizens, these planners combined professional competence and political judgment to bring pressing urban issues to the public’s attention. Paul Davidoff — who coined the term "advocacy planning" — instructed that "Planning action cannot be prescribed from a position of value neutrality." Cleveland planning director Norman Krumholtz illustrated this concept (and created the concept of equity planning) in 1975 when he set the department's overriding goal as "providing a wide range of choices for those Cleveland residents who have few, if any, choices." https://www.planning.org/planning/2015/dec/viewpoint.htm http://teachingcleveland.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/NormKrumholz_and_Equity_Planning_in_Cleveland-final.pdf http://www.temple.edu/tempress/titles/694_reg.html

Answer 85

The correct answer is “D“ Rule of Conduct #6 states: “We shall not perform work on a project for a client or employer if, in addition to the agreed upon compensation from our client or employer, there is a possibility for direct personal or financial gain to us, our family members, or persons living in our household, unless our client or employer, after full written disclosure from us, consents in writing to the arrangement.” https://www.planning.org/ethics/ethicscode/

Answer 86

The correct answer is (D) The Fred F. French Investing Co. v. City of New York (1976), involved a rezoning of land to public park use, which was accompanied by a grant to its owners of transferable development rights which could be used anywhere within a designated "receiving zone." The Court of Appeals reaffirmed the general rule that an owner may not, under the guise of zoning, be deprived of all but a "bare residue" of the economic value of his property. The Court went on to say that, in this case, severance of the development rights did not adequately preserve an economic return for the owner since the market for them was too uncertain and their transfer was mandatory. In Penn Central Transportation Company v. City of New York (1978), the designation of Grand Central Terminal as a protected landmark was at issue. The specific issue affecting TDR concerned a provision of the city Historic Preservation regulation which granted to the owner of the landmark the right to transfer the development rights above the terminal (i.e. “air rights”) to other parcels of land in the vicinity. The Court noted that In the Penn Central case (as opposed to Fred French Investing), the regulations permitted continued productive use of the property as a railroad terminal and permitted use of the development rights in a less contingent fashion: "These substitute rights are valuable, and provide significant, perhaps 'fair,' compensation for the loss of rights above the Terminal itself." The Penn Central case is significant for its recognition of the concept of transferable development rights, for its utilization of their value in determining whether land use restrictions are valid, and for its upholding of New York City’s Landmark historic preservation law. http://www.dos.ny.gov/lg/publications/Transfer_of_Development_Rights.pdf http://www.planning.org/divisions/planningandlaw/propertytopics.htm#Transfer

Answer 87

The correct answer is “B” Alinsky's organizations are created when an invitation is sent out by the neighborhood or organization and a paid organizer is then sent to the neighborhood. They identify issues, generate action, recruit and involve local leaders, and sets up a local organization if one does not exist. Source: "2011-2012 Chapter Presidents Council Study Manual for the AICP Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents’ Council American Planning Association, "Citizen Participation in Planning" by Terry Langlois, AICP, Memphis TN, pages 123-124.

Answer 88

The correct answer is “D” The federal Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA) prohibits the imposition of certain burdens on churches and other religious institutions as a way to avoid burdensome zoning law restrictions on their property use: “No government shall impose or implement a land use regulation in a manner that imposes a substantial burden on the religious exercise of a person, including a religious assembly or institution, unless the government demonstrates that [the land use regulation is] in furtherance of a compelling governmental interest [and] is the least restrictive means of furthering that compelling governmental interest.” Addressing RLUIPA restrictions, courts have generally upheld that general zoning and land-use restrictions apply to everyone (e.g. parking & traffic impacts); that churches may be excluded from some districts (and need to comply with associated building codes); and that general review processes apply to everyone. APA Zoning Practice #10 (October 2010) Religious Institutions http://www.planning.org/planning/2012/nov/changingchurch.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_Land_Use_and_Institutionalized_Persons_Act

Answer 89

The correct answer is “D” http://pages.uoregon.edu/rgp/PPPM613/class10theory.htm

Answer 90

The correct answer is “C” Upon reading the introduced bill, if no objection heard, the bill is then referred to the appropriate committee. Bills may be referred to more than one committee and it may be split so that parts are sent to different committees. Once passed in one house of the Legislature, the bill is sent to the other house for consideration. If the other house passes a different version of the bill, the bill may be subject to a conference committee to develop a compromise before going back to both houses for a vote. Most states follow a similar procedure. https://www.flsenate.gov/About/HowAnIdeaBecomesALaw https://www.flsenate.gov/PublishedContent/ADMINISTRATIVEPUBLICATIONS/idea-to-law.pdf https://votesmart.org/education/how-a-bill-becomes-law#.WdL-hjCQzIU (Federal) https://www.senate.gov/reference/resources/pdf/legprocessflowchart.pdf (Federal)

Answer 91

The correct answer is “C” The three correct standards are all from THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR’S STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION. Option II. is incorrect as (1) Not all archaeological resources must be protected – only ones deemed to have significant archaeological value; and (2) both protection in place AND proper archaeological excavation are typically viable options for the protection of significant archaeological resources. The actual standard reads “Significant archeological resources affected by a project shall be protected and preserved. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures shall be undertaken”. https://www.nps.gov/tps/standards/rehabilitation/rehab/stand.htm

Answer 92

The correct answer is “C” Absent a clear rule of conduct to the contrary, the planner’s action in this scenario is plausibly justifiable. The planner did not engage in discussions with planning participants on matters on which they had decision making authority over, so Rule of Conduct 8 (A) doesn’t apply. Likewise, the planner didn’t undertake discussions with decision makers, so Rule of Conduct 9 (B) doesn’t apply. It’s unclear, but unlikely, that a public development project would be requested to be held inviolate and confidential so Rule of Conduct 7 (D) also is unlikely to apply. Rule of Conduct 1 (C, first part) would see to require that the information be provided as it involves a planning issue and consistent with a planner’s primary obligation to serve the public interest (C, second part). Jerry Weitz, The Ethical Planning Practitioner, Scenario #37, p. 59

Answer 93

The correct answer is (B) RLUIPA cautions local governments not to “substantially burden” a religious land-use applicant’s right to free exercise. To date, the courts have generally found that the government did not substantially burden the religious land-use applicant in three broad categories where: 1. General zoning and land-use restrictions apply to everyone. EXAMPLE: Establishing a minimum 1,000-foot buffer requirement between nonagricultural, nonresidential uses in an agricultural district “to protect, preserve, and enhance the rural character and lifestyle of existing low-density areas and agricultural use” 2. Churches are excluded from some districts. EXAMPLE: Excluding all religious institutions from the central business district 3. General review processes apply to everyone. EXAMPLE: Requiring religious homeless shelters to comply with the town’s building code (like everyone else) PROBLEMATIC: Establishing a conditional use approval process for certain religious institutions (e.g. Moslem; thereby treating them differently) SOURCE: APA’s Religious Institutions; “Zoning Practice” (October 2010); APA’s Religious Institutions; “Zoning Practice” (September 2008); APA’s Planning and Urban Design Standards (2006); p. 586

Answer 94

The correct answer is “C” There are some problems and benefits associated with citizen participation. Some costs may be that due to a lengthened process, there may indeed some economic wastes. Another possible cost may be that there is an inefficiency in government created because of the added groups. There is also the thought that it may weaken the representative form of government. Source: "2011-2012 Chapter Presidents Council Study Manual for the AICP Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents’ Council American Planning Association, "Citizen Participation in Planning" by Terry Langlois, AICP, Memphis TN, pages 125-126.

Answer 95

The correct answer is (A) The Delphi technique is a structured public participation method, originally developed as a systematic, interactive forecasting method which relies on a panel of experts. The experts answer questionnaires in two or more rounds. After each round, a facilitator provides an anonymous summary of the experts’ forecasts from the previous round as well as the reasons they provided for their judgments. Thus, experts are encouraged to revise their earlier answers in light of the replies of other members of their panel. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphi_method

Answer 96

The correct answer is “B“ The art gallery work is not “employment in planning or a related profession.” Rule of Conduct 4 states that “We shall not, as salaried employees, undertake other employment in planning or a related profession, whether or not for pay, without having made full written disclosure to the employer who furnishes our salary and having received subsequent written permission to undertake additional employment, unless our employer has a written policy which expressly dispenses with a need to obtain such consent.” Option III is an unrelated Aspirational Principle, and is coupled with incorrect options. https://www.planning.org/ethics/ethicscode/

Answer 97

The correct answer is “D” Lewis Mumford, was an American historian, sociologist, philosopher of technology, and literary critic. Particularly noted for his study of cities and urban architecture, he had a broad career as a writer, and was heavily influenced by the work of Scottish theorist Sir Patrick Geddes, after whom he named his son “Geddes”. The Regional Planning Association of America (RPAA) was formed by Clarence Stein as an urban reform association in 1923. Stein, Benton MacKaye, Lewis Mumford, Alexander Bing, and Henry Wright were the essential backbone of the RPAA. Mumford contributed to the group by sharing his interest of Patrick Geddes’ ideas on regional development and planning, and contributed his concepts of “a dispersed yet concentrated urban culture integrated with nature” which were integrated along with MacKaye’s concepts into the RPAA’s later projects. He wrote both The Culture of Cities and The City in History, which won the 1962 U.S. National Book Award for Nonfiction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Mumford http://www.academia.edu/1161406/From_Patrick_Geddes_to_Lewis_Mumford_and_Beyond https://ww2.odu.edu/ao/instadv/quest/CityAsCommunity.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Planning_Association_of_America

Answer 98

The correct answer is “B”.

Answer 99

The correct answer is “D”. The scholar’s rule for planners is that they must make it possible for others to follow in their footsteps and check out their work; they must honestly report on their studies. Under certain circumstances, planners do not divulge legally confidential information. See – Community Planning: An Introduction to the Comprehensive Plan by Eric D. Kelly and Barbara Becker; page 431 re the Scholar’s Rule and planners Also - http://ethics.iit.edu/ecodes/node/4507

Answer 100

The correct answer is “C” Pop-Up Urbanism and Temporary Urbanism refer to the use of temporary urban infill projects. The idea has its roots in urban tactics from the World's Fairs of yesteryear to Christo's public art installations to of-the-moment interventions such as yarn bombing, guerilla gardening, and turning abandoned pay phones into mini-libraries. http://www.planning.org/planning/2011/apr/60urbanisms.htm http://www.planning.org/planning/2012/nov/frompopup.htm http://www.theatlanticcities.com/design/2012/05/rise-temporary-city/1865/

Answer 101

The correct answer is “B” John Nolen’s design of the Village of Mariemont in Cincinnati drew its inspiration from the English Garden City and originated many of the "new urbanism" concepts being replicated by communities throughout the nation today, as did other subsequent developments by John Nolen in Florida. https://www.planning.org/greatplaces/neighborhoods/2008/mariemont.htm http://www.mariemontlifestyle.com/mary-emery-vision/ http://www.cnuflorida.org/nu_florida/roots.htm

Answer 102

The correct answer is “C” In Terry Clark’s book entitled, “Project Management for Planners: A Practical Guide”, he discusses Fast Tracking. This occurs when time is needed to be made up on a planning project. This could be accomplished by running more than one task at the same time to speed up the schedule. Before implementing this technique, especially on larger projects, one should ask the following questions: a) what tasks can run at the same time? b) Is there enough staff? c) Are there any impacts to the other tasks? Source: “Project Management for Planners: A Practical Guide”, by Terry A. Clark, AICP, PMP, APA Planners Press, Chicago, IL, 2002, pages 90-91.

Answer 103

The correct answer is (A) FAR = floor area ratio = building area / lot area. The FARs for (A) = 5 [20 acres of building/4 acre lot]; (B) = 4 [4 story bldg. on ¼ acre/ ¼ acre]; (C) = 4 [12 acres of building/3 acre lot]; (D) = 2 [2 story bldg. on ½ acre / ½ acre].

Answer 104

The correct answer is “C” A Geodetic datum or geodetic system is a coordinate system, and a set of reference points, used to locate places on the Earth, often used in GIS systems, such as North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodetic_datum http://support.esri.com/en/knowledgebase/GISDictionary/term/datum

Answer 105

The correct answer is “A“ The basic foundation for planning and zoning in the U.S. was laid by two standard state enabling acts published by the U.S. Department of Commerce in the 1920s. The second of these, the Standard City Planning Enabling Act, was developed by an advisory committee appointed by Secretary of Commerce (and later President) Herbert Hoover, with the first printed edition in March 1927, and a final edition published in 1928. The SCPEA covered six topics including the control of private subdivision of land (i.e. subdivision regulations). https://www.planning.org/growingsmart/enablingacts.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subdivision_(land)#History

Answer 106

The correct answer is “D” Contour lines are used on a wide variety of maps. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line#Elevation_and_depth

Answer 107

The correct answer is A) Development of a future-oriented community vision through advance planning would provide the foundation for the programs and activities described in the other answers.

Answer 108

The correct answer is “B”. Asking citizens to comment on a report that has been finalized and printed provides no real opportunity for meaningful public input on the development of the study.

Answer 109

The correct answer is D) The answer was derived from a familiarity with APA's Policy Guides. Answers I, II and III from the first tier could all be essential components in a local government historic preservation program. Answer IV is incorrect. Remodeling the front of historic structures with a set motif would likely ruin the historic value of the structures.

Answer 110

The correct answer is “C” Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21) funds surface transportation programs at over $105 billion for fiscal years FY 2013 and 2014. A new grant program will fund community-led planning for neighborhood revitalization around transit lines, A major increase in federally backed loans, known as TIFIA, could help regions that raise their own transportation funds and stretch those dollars farther, and a new passenger ferry facilities funding program. http://t4america.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/MAP-21-Handbook-Web.pdf http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/map21/summaryinfo.cfm

Answer 111

The correct answer is A) The site plan review process varies from community to community, but of the boards noted above, the Planning Commission is the most likely board to conduct or, at least, coordinate the industrial park's site plan review. It is possible, however, that all of the agencies noted above are involved, to some degree, in the site plan review.

Answer 112

The correct answer is “B” In a 5-4 opinion delivered by Justice John Paul Stevens, the majority held that the city's taking of private property to sell for private development qualified as a "public use" within the meaning of the takings clause. Kelo v. City of New London did not establish entirely new law concerning eminent domain. Although the decision was controversial, it was not the first time “public use” had been interpreted by the Supreme Court as “public purpose”. In the majority opinion, Justice Stevens wrote the "Court long ago rejected any literal requirement that condemned property be put into use for the general public" [i.e. Berman v. Parker (1954)]. However, public reaction to the decision was highly unfavorable. As a result, many states changed their eminent domain laws. Prior to the Kelo decision, only eight states specifically prohibited the use of eminent domain for economic development except to eliminate blight. Since the decision, forty-four states have amended their eminent domain laws. Of those states, 22 enacted laws that severely inhibited the takings allowed by the Kelo decision, while the rest enacted laws that place some limits on the power of municipalities to invoke eminent domain for economic development. The remaining eight states have not passed laws to limit the power of eminent domain for economic development. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelo_v._City_of_New_London https://www.oyez.org/cases/2004/04-108

Answer 113

The correct answer is “B” Nevada was the fastest-growing state between 2000 and 2010, growing by 35.1 percent (see Table 1 in link below). It was followed by Arizona (24.6 percent), Utah (23.8 percent), Idaho (21.1 percent), and Texas (20.6 percent). http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-01.pdf

Answer 114

The correct answer is “C” Net land area for the purpose of computing density/intensity is typically that total land area within the property boundaries of a subject parcel, exclusive of any undevelopable lands (e.g. submerged land or public road right-of-way). http://www.co.pinellas.fl.us/ppc/maps/newcwp/60dayappxb.pdf

Answer 115

The correct answer is “A” Among all 366 metro areas, Palm Coast, FL, was the fastest-growing between 2000 and 2010 (up 92.0 percent); Las Vegas grew by 41.8% and Houston by 26.1%. The Villages, located to the west of the Orlando metro area, grew by 5.4 percent between July 1, 2013, and July 1, 2014, to reach a population of about 114,000, and was the nation's fastest growing metro area from 2013 to 2014, according to U.S. Census Bureau metropolitan statistical area, micropolitan statistical area and county population estimates released in 2015. https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-01.pdf http://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2015/cb15-56.html

Answer 116

The correct answer is “C” The Walk Score algorithm awards points based on the distance to the closest amenity in each category. If the closest amenity in a category is within ¼ mile, the maximum number of points is awarded. The number of points declines as the distance approaches 1 mile — no points are awarded for amenities further than 1 mile away. Relevant amenities include businesses, parks, theaters, schools and other common destinations. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walk_Score

Answer 117

The correct answer is “D” As the Planning Director, you should inform the Planning Commission about your connection to the petitioner as well as the case, and remove yourself from the planning review process. There could be a perceived conflict of interest if you were a deciding factor in the review and approval of the project.

Answer 118

The correct answer is A) Inverse condemnation refers to the process of so regulating private property that in fact, a taking of property rights occurs without fair compensation.

Answer 119

The correct answer is (B) Option “I” may violate the dual nexus tests of Nollan and Dolan by requiring new development to be TOTALLY responsible for ALL needed infrastructure, which may exceed the “rough proportionality” of their impacts (e.g. a project may be projected to only impact 5% of the roadway capacity of a new roadway improvement). Option “III” may be illegal. FOR MORE INFORMATION - see: APA’s Accessory Housing: “Zoning Practice” (July 2012); APA’S PAS Report 561: Fiscal Impact Analysis: Methodologies for Planners (2010); p. 5; Local Planning: Contemporary Principles and Practice (2009); p. 380

Answer 120

The correct answer is “B“ Cincinnati was the first city in the United States to have a comprehensive plan approved by a City Council. Sponsored by the United City Planning Committee and paid for by donations, the plan was started in 1922 and finished in 1925. It was led by Alfred Bettman, a Cincinnati lawyer; Ladislas Segoe, an immigrant planner from Hungary; and George B. Ford and Ernest P. Goodrich, of New York, the owners of the first American planning consulting firm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_Plan_for_Cincinnati#1925:_Official_Plan_of_the_City_of_Cincinnati

Answer 121

The correct answer is C) The above requirement is a debt limitation law, requiring that the county not incur indebtedness in any year that exceeds its income and revenue for that year.

Answer 122

The correct answer is C) An "S" corporation does not usually pay tax on any of its income, but rather passes through profits (and losses) to its stockholders in proportion to their stock holdings in the corporation

Answer 123

The correct answer is A) As an example, an appurtenant easement can be used by a landowner to prevent his abutter from blocking a scenic view or direct sunlight for solar heating.

Answer 124

The correct answer is “B” The Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program, the nation's largest affordable housing subsidy program, is not administered by HUD, and was passed as part of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 to encourage equity capital investment in multifamily housing for those in need of rent restricted affordable housing. LIHTC owners may not refuse to rent to Rental Voucher holders, and because tax credits are competitively allocated, states may impose more restrictive requirements than the federal program minimums. The LIHTC provides funding for the development costs of low-income housing by allowing an investor (usually the partners of a partnership that owns the housing) to take an IRS federal tax credit equal to a percentage (up to 70 percent or 30 percent of PV depending on the credit type) of the cost incurred for development of the low-income units in a rental housing project. To take advantage of the LIHTC, a developer will typically propose a project to a state agency, seek and win a competitive allocation of tax credits, complete the project, certify its cost, and rent the project to low income tenants. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-Income_Housing_Tax_Credit http://nnedv.org/downloads/Thousing/NHLP_LIHousingTaxCredit_Nov2012.pdf

Answer 125

The correct answer is “A” III is not an aspirational principle in the code. All of the others are in the code and would clearly benefit from social media efforts by planners.

Answer 126

The correct answer is “C” Texas experienced the largest population increase between 2000 and 2010, growing by over four million in population (see Table 1 in link below). It was followed by California (over 3 million), Florida (over 2 million), Georgia (over 1.5 million), and North Carolina (just under 1.5 million). Michigan was the only state to lose population. http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-01.pdf

Answer 127

The correct answer is “C” Strategic planning is an organization's process of defining its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy. SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities,Threats) is central to strategic planning. This strategic analysis is the key stage for flushing out the major strategic issues to be addressed in the strategic plan. These strategic issues are few in number, and huge in the importance to the performance of the organization. With these elephant like issues clearly identified from the SWOT, a planning team can devise strategies to achieve the organization's overall purpose, within a specific bracket of targets. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_planning http://www.simply-strategic-planning.com/swot-analysis.html

Answer 128

The correct answer is “B” Transect Planning is a term, created through the New Urbanism movement that deals with the following elements: 1) The highest density is in the town center, and as you move outwards towards the edges there is less density; 2) It is an analytical system that creates a series of specific natural habitats or urban lifestyle settings; 3) The resulting urban to rural transect hierarchy has appropriate building and street types for each area. Source: www.newurbanism.com

Answer 129

The correct answer is D) You should worry about the appearance of a conflict of interest, even if the invitation for dinner is not intended to enhance your friend’s chances of being awarded the contract (Rules of Conduct 5, 8, 19). Because you have no influence about the decision to award the contract, which would include having no professional contact with the decision-makers, you might have dinner with your friend, but it might be safer to postpone the dinner until after the contract has been awarded.

Answer 130

The correct answer is A) The extent of the wellhead protection area was left up to individual state and local governments by the 1986 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act.

Answer 131

The correct answer is “C” According to the 2010 Census, regional growth was much faster for the South and West (14.3 and 13.8 percent, respectively) than for the Midwest (3.9 percent) and Northeast (3.2 percent). http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-01.pdf

Answer 132

The correct answer is “C“ The question asks for design techniques – lowering the speed limit is not a design technique. http://www.massdot.state.ma.us/portals/8/docs/designguide/ch_16.pdf

Answer 133

The correct answer is “C”. An Edge City is a term for a concentration of business, shopping, and entertainment outside a traditional downtown (or central business district) in what had previously been a residential or rural area. The term was popularized in the 1991 book Edge City: Life on the New Frontier by Joel Garreau. Most edge cities develop at or near existing or planned freeway intersections, and their development would have been fundamentally impossible without the automobile. It was not until automobile ownership surged in the 1950s, after four decades of fast steady growth, that the edge city became truly possible, in order to have ready access to development developing in cheaper, rural or suburban areas. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge_city

Answer 134

The correct answer is “A” Planning staff make recommendations but the governing body has final authority. Planners establish goals and objectives before determining policies. Planning staff generally report to an appointed body that acts as a balance to short term elected officials.

Answer 135

The correct answer is A) Section 332(C)(7)(B) of the Federal Telecommunications Act of 1996 prohibits municipalities from: 1) prohibiting wireless services, 2) discriminating among providers of wireless services, and 3) regulating based upon potential health effects of wireless facilities.

Answer 136

The correct answer is B) See Ethical Principle 1, Rules of Conduct 1 and 25. Members of AICP must comply with the law, including complying with a subpoena.

Answer 137

The correct answer is “C” The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey; the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency; and the Chesapeake Bay Commission are all examples of multi-state jurisdictional planning entities that currently exist. Other examples include the Conference of Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Governors and Premiers; the Appalachian Regional Commission; and the Delta Regional Authority. http://www.panynj.gov/ http://www.trpa.org/ http://www.chesbay.us/

Answer 138

The correct answer is “B” The Staff report should use a cost vs. benefits analysis and show whether or not there are or is evidence for economic development. Section A of the Code of Ethics: The Planner's Responsibility to the Public, Section A: A planner's primary obligation is to serve the public interest. While the definition of the public interest is formulated through continuous debate, a planner owes allegiance to a conscientiously attained concept of the public interest, which requires these special obligations: 1) A planner must have special concern for the long range consequences of present actions; 2) A planner must pay special attention to the interrelatedness of decisions; 3) A planner must strive to provide full, clear and accurate information on planning issues to citizens and governmental decision-makers. So now that we see from the above that the planner must look at the facts to see what is truly best for the public as a whole. There are further ways of looking at this because of the politics involved in this situation, you and your staff could provide the mayor with a draft report and let the mayor review the analysis with you. This way it is a draft and if she wants to let the analysis out to the press she may feel more comfortable knowing that there is room for analysis. Another option would be to refer the analysis of building an ice rink or not to a private consultant. This way if the report is not in favor of the stadium the mayor can ask for a new report to be done or you can work towards other solutions to the issue and/or problem. If all else fails you could even sit down with the Mayor to try and come up with a strategy to the issue.

Answer 139

The correct answer is “D” The long-form questionnaire is used to collect more detailed information from approximately one in six households. In addition to all of the 100-percent data, the long-form questionnaire for Census 2000 collected sample data on the social and economic characteristics of the population and the physical and financial characteristics of housing.

Answer 140

The correct answer is “B” The designation of a historic district and the imposition of special architectural controls are ways to integrate historic-preservation controls into a zoning ordinance. This regulates the treatment of historic buildings rather than depending on voluntary or informational means alone.

Answer 141

The correct answer is “A” The morning and afternoon traffic peaks both have trip ends that are home-based for many of the trips, even if they’re going and coming from work (i.e. office, retail, industrial). These are known as Home-Based Work (HBW) trips.

Answer 142

The correct answer is “A” Rent “control” (i.e. a system of rent regulation, administered by a court or a public authority, which limits the changes that can be made in the price of renting a house or apartment as a means of controlling the prices of rent and often counteract the inequality of bargaining power between landlords and tenant) is not typically a cause of homelessness. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rent_control https://www.planning.org/policy/guides/adopted/homelessness.htm

Answer 143

The correct answer is “C” While social media is an open public forum and has many advantages, planners should be aware of the rule about appearance of conflict of interest and watch the context of their participation.

Answer 144

The correct answer is “A” Berman vs. Parker (1954) and, now, Kelo vs. London (2005) establish the underlying case law in which all legislative bodies determine the appropriateness of eminent domain. In this case, the Federal court would defer to the City's legislative judgment that the parking garage is serving a public benefit. The fact that a private party is going to operate the garage and set the rates is of little concern to the federal court. However, a state court might invalidate the city’s actions because of the more demanding view of public use required under state law, the presence of the private enterprise that may be prohibited under state eminent domain laws, or the fact that the city lacks control over the parking rates.

Answer 145

The correct answer is “A” Because she is a Private sector planner, there is no conflict of interest. If she were a public sector planner who was only approving the first phase of the project in hopes that she would be able to acquire a job with the developer in the near future or be able to work on the future parts of this specific project, then there could be a potential of a conflict of interest.

Answer 146

The correct answer is “C” Relaxing development standards for nursing homes is not an Aging in Place strategy. The Center for Disease Control defines aging in place as "the ability to live in one's own home and community safely, independently, and comfortably, regardless of age, income, or ability level. Options I, III and IV help accomplish that. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aging_in_place http://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/livable-communities/plan/planning/aging-in-place-a-toolkit-for-local-governments-aarp.pdf

H 2018 Flashcards

(170 cards)