PP Exam 7 Flashcards

Question

What are some of the issues that are currently affecting the National Wildlife refuge System? 1) Logging 2) Motorized vehicles including ATV's 3)Oil Exploration 4)Recreational Beach Access A) 1, 4 B) 1,2,3 C) 1 only D) 1,2,3,4 Submit Reset

Answer 1

D(1,2,3,4). From local planning issues such as recreational beach access to the national policy debate over opening up refuges to oil exploration in Alaska, there are several issues that affect the managing of the refuges that distract from their primary role of wildlife and habitat conservation. The National Wildlife Refuge System is administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service. It is the largest collection of lands and waters dedicated to wildlife and habitat conservation on the planet. This encompasses more than 94 million acres on 541 refuges. Source: APA Planning Magazine, April 2003, "Taking Refuge" by John Slown, AICP, page 21.

Answer 2

C(4). A TSM action is not the construction of a new freeway, but it may be the use of a freeway shoulder as an added traffic lane during peak traffic flow conditions. TSM examples include using traffic signals at freeway on-ramps to meter traffic, improving existing signal timings, and using changeable message signs (ahead traffic condition information), lane control signs, and changeable speed signs. Source: http://www.dot.state.tx.us

Answer 3

C(Lagoon). A Lagoon is a shallow pond where sunlight, bacterial action, and oxygen work to purify wastewater and is also used for storage of wastewater or spent nuclear fuel rods. It is a shallow body of water, often separated from the sea by coral reefs or sandbars. Source: http://www.epa.gov

Answer 4

B(Pelican Island). In the United States, the first national wildlife refuge was created by President Theodore Roosevelt. Pelican Island was created on March 14, 1903. Pelican Island is a small island in Florida's Indian River. Pelican Island supported the only remaining nesting colony of brown pelicans and became the first federal bird reservation as well. By the end of his presidency in 1909, Roosevelt had set aside 53 biological survey reservations. His vision has now grown to 541 refuges which total more than 94 million acres. Source: APA Planning Magazine, April 2003, "Taking Refuge" by John Slown, AICP, page 22.

Answer 5

C(Line function). Relating to a public planning agency, Line Functions deal primarily with direct services such as police and fire services. Staff functions deal with general services such as providing information or services to the Line units. It should be noted that Public Planning involves both line and staff functions. Source: "Management and Organization of Planning" by Louise Mercuro, AICP, page 104, from the "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP)", 2002 version, Chapter Presidents Council.

Answer 6

C(DINKS). Source, APA Planning Magazine May 2002, "Monster Houses? No" by Hinshaw, FAICP, page 27. DINKS stands for double income/no kids couples.

Answer 7

A(Mount McKinley, Alaska ). The Highest point in the US is Mount McKinley, Alaska at 20,320 ft. (6,198 m). Source: http://www.infoplease.com

Answer 8

B(One ). Daniel Libeskind's winning plan for the redevelopment plan of the World Trade Center in new York, was a collaboration with a planner from Philadelphia Gary Hack. He contributed a lot to the site's street pattern. It was the only one of the seven teams that were 2002's finalists vying for the design that included a professional planner. One element of the plan calls for a "wedge of light" that will allow sunlight to shine on the public spaces for two hours each September 11, marking the time from when the first plane hit until the second tower collapsed. Source: APA Planning Magazine, April 2003, "Up Close at the World Trade Center" by Ruth Eckdish Knack, AICP, page 11.

Answer 9

B(the most endangered species of any state). Source, APA Planning Magazine October 2001, "Not So Wild Things" by Christine Kreyling, pages 18-23. This article discusses the effect new homes are having on wildlife habitats all over the U.S. It also gets into detail on some controversial ways that people are attempting to solve this problem such as hunting, trapping, and relocation. It basically sends the message that we need to control sprawl. It also states in this article that Hawaii has the most endangered species which is an interesting fact to keep in mind. The article also gives an example of a Wildlife Corridor Design where the Government is working with native tribes to plan for the widening of US Hwy 93 in Montana.

Answer 10

C(the subdivider's financial responsibilities for public improvements associated with the development). Exactions can be described as the subdivider's financial responsibilities for public improvements associated with the development. Examples of exactions include land or cash-in-lieu dedications for park land and new schools. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Development Regulations" by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 147.

Answer 11

B(72). Source: APA Planning Magazine October 2001, "Above and Beyond: Fighting Small Town Sprawl" by Julie Campoli, Elizabeth Humstone, and Alex MacLean, pages 4-9. American adults average 72 minutes a day driving.

Answer 12

C(the entire site minus the undevelopable land ). FAR requirements specify if they apply to net or gross land area. Net land area includes the entire site minus the undevelopable land (example the streets). Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Development Regulations" by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 145.

Answer 13

A(Advocacy Planning). In 1962 "A Choice Theory of Planning", a seminal article in the AIP Journal by Paul Davidoff and Thomas Reiner, lays the basis for the advocacy planning concept.

Answer 14

B(II and III). The 1st Amendment of the US Constitution concerns Freedom of Speech. "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances." Oddly enough, this also includes Adult Entertainment. Source: www.findlaw.com

Answer 15

D(Destination 2030 ). Destination 2030 is a transportation plan for the Seattle Region. It was designed to guide improvements and spending in the region up to 2030. The plan supports the VISION 2020, a growth strategy adopted by the Puget Sound regional Council in 1990. VISION 2020 outlined a development pattern of urban centers connected by an Intermodal transportation system. This plan, Destination 2030, talks about how the public and the government can actually implement it. Destination 2030 identifies 2,200 projects. They were chosen to make the most of the existing network and to add new choices for travel in the future. It was the APA Outstanding Planning: A Plan award winner in 2003. Source: APA Planning Magazine, March 2003, "Destination 2030" by Clair Enlow, pages 4 and 5.

Answer 16

A(25,243). The symptomatic approach to calculating population utilizes changes in obtainable data that are predictive of population changes as a whole (like building permits). In this example, single family permits have resulted in 998 new residents, and multi-family permits have resulted in 245 new residents, for a total increase of 1,243 new residents. Commercial permits are not particularly good estimates of current population. Additionally, there is not enough information presented in this question to use this figure as an estimate of new population.

Answer 17

D(How the Other Half Lives ). In 1890, "How the Other Half Lives", by Jacob Riis, is published. This book is an important stimulus to housing and neighborhood reform. Source: www.planning.org

Answer 18

A(1). Source: "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP", Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, "Transportation Planning" by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 158, Figure 5, Average Vehicle Trip Rates. The average vehicle trip rate for Single Family Residential is 9.1 to 10.2, Planned Unit Developments is 7.9, Duplexes and Townhomes is 7.0, Apartments is 6.0, Condominiums is 5.9, Mobile Homes is 5.5, and Retirement Homes is 3.5. Source: Quick Response Urban Travel Estimation Techniques and Transferable Parameters (1987)

Answer 19

C(Accessory). There are generally three types of categories allowed in permitted land uses, these are described below. 1)Principle uses, these are uses that are allowed by right. 2)Accessory uses, these are land uses that are permitted only if they are incidental to the principle use. 3)Secial uses, these are land uses allowed only by a special review. There is another interesting use called Nonconforming use, these are legally established under the zoning regulations that were in effect at the time of their development and are a result of changes in the zoning ordinance. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Development Regulations" by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 141-142.

Answer 20

C(140). The average American uses about 140 gallons a day from the municipal water supply. In the cities in the Western United States, where the treated municipal water replaces natural rainfall for gardens and lawns, it can be up to 50% higher or even greater than that. It is 196 gallons per day in Colorado, 199 in New Mexico, 200 in Arizona, 249 in Utah. Source: APA Planning Magazine, January 2003, "Rocky Mountain Dry" by Ed Quillen, page 27.

Answer 21

B(considers requests for variances ). The Board of Adjustment considers requests for variances to the zoning standards of the community. The Board of Adjustment may also consider appeals from administrative actions in some States. A variance is a minor deviation from the specific zoning requirements. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Development Regulations" by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 145.

Answer 22

D(Condemning property). In 1954, Berman v. Parker, the U.S. Supreme Court upholds right of Washington, D.C. Redevelopment Land Agency to condemn properties that are unsightly, though non-deteriorated, if required to achieve objectives of duly established area redevelopment plan. Source:www.planning.org

Answer 23

D(all of the above). On July 20, about 5,000 New Yorkers gathered in Manhattan's Jacob Javits Convention Center to participate in a modern town meeting called "Listening to the City". It was one of the largest public workshops ever held. To get participation, organizers used remote responders to get opinions from the public on rebuilding Lower Manhattan. Source: APA Planning Magazine September 2002, "Getting Lower Manhattan Moving Again" by Georges Jacquemart, AICP, page 4.

Answer 24

A(Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr.). Frederick Law Olmsted (1822-1903), was a renowned landscape architect and designed many public parks. Among them was New York's Central Park, whose co-designer was Calvert Vaux. Olmsted's son and namesake, Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. (1870-1957), also a landscape architect, designed Forest Hills Gardens, one of the first U.S. suburbs to follow the principles of the English Garden City movement. The younger Olmsted later helped found the American City Planning Institute. Source:www.planning.org

Answer 25

C(allows floor area ratios of up to 5:1 and reduces parking requirements because of the proximity to a light rail station). The new zoning code in Denver is the Transit mixed-use zoning (TMU-30) which allows floor area ratios of up to 5:1 and reduces parking requirements because of the proximity to a light rail station. Source: APA Planning Magazine, January 2003, "Refilling Colorado" by Michael Leccese and Kathleen McCormick, page 24.

Answer 26

C(Americans With Disabilities Act ). The ADA was signed into law in 1990 and its accessibility guidelines for buildings and facilities in 1991. It was enacted to ensure that disabled citizens enjoy the same rights and opportunities as all Americans, including access to everyday activities such as commerce, travel, and recreation. Source, APA Planning Magazine April 2002, "What Difference has the ADA Made?" by Terry S. Szold, page 10.

Answer 27

A(Sir Raymond Unwin). Source, www. York.ac.uk, Unwin, Sir Raymond 1863-1940, was an English architect and town planner. He designed the first English garden city near Letchworth, the New Earwick development in Yorkshire, and Hampstead Garden suburb near London. He lectured on housing and city planning at the Univ. of Birmingham (1911-14) and at Columbia Univ. (1936-40). His Town Planning in Practice (1909) is a standard work in its field. Also, and interesting note, Unwin was knighted in 1932. In, 1940 Unwin died at the summer home of his daughter , Mrs. Curtice Hitchcock at Old lyme, Connecticut on June 28th at the age of 76.

Answer 28

D(They owned their homes). Source: APA Planning Magazine, January 2002, "Homeownership, Home Sales, Housing Starts - All Rise" by APA's News and Departments, page 35.The highest proportion since at least 1890, according to the US Census Bureau.

Answer 29

D(Delphi Method). The Delphi method is an exercise in group communication among a panel of geographically dispersed experts (Adler and Ziglio, 1996). The technique allows experts to deal systematically with a complex problem or task. The essence of the technique is fairly straightforward. It comprises a series of questionnaires sent either by mail or via computerized systems, to a pre-selected group of experts. These questionnaires are designed to elicit and develop individual responses to the problems posed and to enable the experts to refine their views as the group’s work progresses in accordance with the assigned task. The main point behind the Delphi method is to overcome the disadvantages of conventional committee action. Source: http://www.iit.edu/~it/delphi.html

Answer 30

D(San Diego Regional Energy Office). SDREO stands for San Diego Regional Energy Office. This energy office was created in 1996 by the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG). Source: American Planning Association, Planning Magazine, October 2002, "Who's Got Energy? What Comes to Mind?" by Jim Schwab, AICP, pages 4-7.

Answer 31

D(All of the above). Source: APA Planning Magazine, January 2002, "Stretching the Boundaries" by Alan Mamoser, pages 22-24. Metropolis 2020's new regional plan is expected to be completed in 2002.

Answer 32

B(The 1969 National Environmental Policy Act). The 1969 National Environmental Policy Act requires an "environmental impact statement" for every federal or federally aided state or local major action that might significantly harm the environment. Source:www.planning.org

Answer 33

D(All of the above). Two civic and professional coalitions are leading the effort to rebuild. One is the Civic Alliance to Rebuild Downtown New York, a coalition of 85 business, community, and environmental groups. It is convened by the Regional Plan Association in partnership with New York University, Pratt Institute, and New School University. The second group is New York New Visions. A coalition of 21 planning and design groups led by the New York chapter of the American Institute of Architects, New York Chapter of the American Institute of Graphic Artists, and the APA's New York Metro Chapter. Source, APA Planning Magazine, September 2002, "Getting Lower Manhattan Moving Again" by Georges Jacquemart, AICP, page 7.

Answer 34

B(Euclidian). Pressure has grown for zoning to regulate land uses in many different ways from traditional Euclidian zoning's uniform restrictions to each class of building or kind of building in each zoning district. Now, zoning involves complex and site by site controls for development that reflect sometimes diverse and conflicting policies. Even though zoning is now so complex, Euclidian-based zoning is still the dominant zoning form. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Development Regulations" by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 141-142.

Answer 35

A(an office ). An office typically has a peak parking space factor of 0.5 - 3.0 parking spaces per 1,000 sq. ft. of Gross Leaseable Area (GLA). Source: "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP", Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, "Transportation Planning" by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 159, Figure 6, Ranges of Generation Factors. The source for this table is ITE, "Parking Generation", 2nd edition, 1987.

Answer 36

D(Weakness, Opportunities, Threats, Strengths). Within the Strategic Plan process, there is the identification of W.O.T.S (Weakness, Opportunities, Threats, Strengths). Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Strategic Planning Process" by Ben Orsbon, AICP, South Dakota Department of Transportation, Pierre, SD. Page 64. And, Source: "Strategic Planning: What Every Manager Must Know" by George Steiner, The Free Press, 1979.

Answer 37

C(Symptomatic Approach). The symptomatic approach to calculating population utilizes changes in obtainable data that are predictive of population changes as a whole (like building permits).

Answer 38

B(1990). Source, APA Planning Magazine April 2002, "What Difference has the ADA Made?" by Terry S. Szold, page 10. The ADA was signed into law in 1990 and its accessibility guidelines for buildings and facilities in 1991. It was enacted to ensure that disabled citizens enjoy the same rights and opportunities as all Americans, including access to everyday activities such as commerce, travel, and recreation.

Answer 39

B(Federal Property Administration Act of 1949 ). Source, APA Planning Magazine, "Catching the Brass Ring: How to Acquire Military Land" by John E. Vranicar, Pages 16 to 21. The military is one of the largest landowners. From 1ac to 10,000ac. Some communities acquire them from the Department of Defense (DOD). • The Federal Properties Administration Act (1949) is used to dispose of Federal property. • When property is no longer needed, declared surplus, other federal agencies have the chance to bid for the property, if not, the General Services Administration sells it at a public auction, or if there are still no takers, transfers is at no cost. • There is a second way for a community to acquire military land. The Law also permits a land exchange. If vacate it can be a quick swap. If there is a military building than the community has to replace it for the military somewhere else. • There is a third way. The DOD can lease the land to the community at fair market rent. • A forth way. Special Legislation – ensures property is conveyed to local community and no one else. • Santa Barbara – Special Legislation – bought back from the navy (at the cost of replacing the building down the coast) a building along its waterfront. • Jersey City – Port Libertee Development. (Golf course/residential development and most of the land was owned by the military. • Phoenix – expansion of Sky Harbor International Airport. • O’Hare – expanded to build United Airlines HQ. Base next to it closed down if City would pay to relocate the air force facility to Scott, southern Illinois. In 1999, this occurred. • BRAC Commission (Base Closure Act)

Answer 40

A(performance standards that could take up to 18 years). The Court allowed the exclusionary device of performance standards to stand in this case. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Planning Law" by Sharon Puryear, AICP, Greensboro, NC, page 126.

Answer 41

C(having permitted uses automatically build from one district to each successive one). Zoning districts may be set up into many different ways. 1. Cumulative (or pyramid), this is when permitted uses automatically accumulate from one district to each successive one. In this, the single detached residence is the top. 2)Exclusive classification, allows no uses in districts than the uses for which they were created. An example for this is to stop residential from "taking over" another land use like commercial and then protesting when a commercial use is proposed. 3)Performance Standards, establish objective thresholds and maximum limits of the effects or characteristics of a land use (e.g.: allowable amount of noise). 4)Performance Zoning, regulates the character of the use instead of simply just regulating the use itself. 5)Mixed-Use districts, permitting mixed uses. 6)Planned Unit Developments (PUD), allows a mix of uses and flexibility in design. 7) Overlay zones, these add requirements "on top" of zoning districts. 8)Incentive Zoning, cities can use these to encourage development that exceeds the minimum standards. 9)Transferable Development Rights (TDR), allows property owners with limited development rights to buy additional rights from another property owner. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Development Regulations" by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 141-142.

Answer 42

D(Marsh). A marsh is a type of wetland that does not accumulate appreciable peat deposits and is dominated by herbaceous vegetation. Marshes may be either fresh or saltwater, tidal or non-tidal. Source:http://www.epa.gov

Answer 43

C(a way to pay for improvements to vacant and underused land so that it becomes productive again). Tax Increment Financing (TIF) is a way to pay for improvements to vacant and underused land so that it becomes productive again. The City can set up TIF districts to help develop blighted areas, to build and repair roads and infrastructure, to clean up polluted land, and to put vacant properties back towards development. By returning formerly vacant properties to the tax rolls, the City creates new sources of revenue within the TIF district, generating the funds needed to make necessary improvements without raising taxes in the community. The City's investments in these areas are then repaid through improved, productive properties that become new, permanent revenue generators for the City. Source:http://www.ci.chi.il.us

Answer 44

B(principal arterials ). Source: "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP", Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, "Transportation Planning" by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 155. See Figure One, Urban Systems. Principal arterials can be defined as serving longer trips, carrying the highest traffic volumes, and a large percentage of the VMT on a minimum amount of mileage while providing minimal land access.

Answer 45

A(You should remove yourself from the project.). The BEST option for you to follow is option A. This would be the best and cleanest way for you to "keep yourself out of an ethical situation". Source: www.planning.org.

Answer 46

A(Making statements about a population based only on a part of the population.). A sample is a subset of a population. Many populations are too large to measure, or cannot be measured. Consequently statistics relies on sampling and using information from the sample to make inferences about the population. Caution should be taken when determining a sample to represent the entire population. Source: Terry Sincich, Statistics By Example, MacMillan Publishing, 1993.

Answer 47

A(stable flow, short delays and speed somewhat restricted ). Source: "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP", Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, "Transportation Planning" by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 156. See Figure 3, Roadway Level of Service Descriptions. Level B is stable flow, short delays and speed somewhat restricted.

Answer 48

B(a discharge of pollutants into the environment ). Effluent is a discharge of pollutants into the environment, partially or completely treated or in its natural state and is generally used in regard to discharges into waters. Source: http://www.epa.gov

Answer 49

B(water, surface or underground, which contributes its water in small quantities to another larger stream ). A tributary can be defined as a stream or other body of water, surface or underground, which intermittently contributes its water in small quantities to another larger stream or body of water. Source: http://www.epa.gov

Answer 50

A(metropolitan). In 2000, 80.3% of Americans or 226 million people lived in metropolitan areas, up slightly from 79.8% or 198.4 million people in 1990. Source: http://www.infoplease.com

Answer 51

B(The Gold Line ). The Gold Line is Los Angeles's new light rail line. Source: APA Planning Magazine May 2003, "How to Make Transit-Orientated Development Work" by Jeffrey Tumlin and Adam Millard-Ball, page 15. The LA to Pasadena Metro Construction Authority was formed in 1999 to design and build a light rail line using the most modern mass transit vehicles from Union Station in Los Angeles to the Sierra Madre Villa Avenue station in Pasadena (Phase I), a distance of 13.7 miles. Phase I of the project was fully funded with state and local money at the beginning of construction and used the design - build method to deliver the project on time and under budget. Phase I opened to the public July 26, 2003. Phase II will serve the cities of Pasadena, Arcadia, Monrovia, Duarte, Irwindale, Azusa, Glendora, San Dimas, La Verne, Pomona, Claremont and Montclair. A trip from Montclair to downtown Pasadena would take a little over 40 minutes and to Los Angeles would take approximately 75 minutes. Light rail will assist with the planning goals of redistributing growth and strengthening established downtowns in the Foothill communities. The Line will offer shorter commuting trips, increased energy savings (1.5 million gallons of gasoline each year) and reduced levels of pollution (4 tons of carbon monoxide). Over 2003 and 2004, the objective of the Authority, cooperation with cities along the alignment, is to prepare a draft Environmental Impact Statement and meet the requirements for the federal government to approve entering into Preliminary Engineering on the project. If that approval is secured in 2004, construction could start as early as 2006 with some service to the public beginning in 2009. Source: http://www.la-pasblueline.org/projectphase2.htm

Answer 52

A(A, B, C, D). The 2002 Salt Lake Olympic games was a tremendous source of capital improvements to not only the city but the region as a whole. Another interesting point of these games was the heightened security and safety systems that were used for all of the visitors. Source: APA Planning Magazine, February 2002, "A Peak Experience" by Steve Osborne, page 9.

Answer 53

B(Munn v. Illinois (1876)). The issue in this case was whether the regulation of railroad rates by the state of Illinois deprived the railroad companies of property without due process of law, put another way, the issue of public-private property/free enterprise v. State rights. The Supreme Court of the United States upheld the Illinois law because the movement and storage of grain were considered to be closely related to public interest. This type of economic activity could be governed by state legislatures, whereas purely private contracts could only be governed by the courts. Source: www.tourolaw.edu.

Answer 54

B(watersheds). Watersheds are topographic areas within which apparent surface water runoff drains to a specific point on a stream or to a water body such as a lake. Source:http://www.epa.gov

Answer 55

A(Zoning Hearing Master). Some communities have a Zoning Hearing Master that presides over rezoning proceedings that are treated as quasi-judicial actions. They make recommendations that include a summary of the evidence that was given, the findings, and the conclusion of law. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Development Regulations" by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 146.

Answer 56

D(All of the above). The Safe Routes to School Initiative is an attempt to overcome the physical and psychological barriers between school and home and give children more freedom to a healthier lifestyle. According to the Federal Highway Administration in 1969 about half of all children ages 5 to 18 either biked or walked to school. By 2001, close to 85% of all children between 5 and 15 were either driven to school by a bus or by a parent. The reasons are because the journey between school and the home has become longer and much more dangerous due to the auto-orientated suburbanization. Source: APA Planning Magazine May 2003, "Planning Safe Routes to School" by Bruce S. Appleyard, AICP, page 34.

Answer 57

C(a range of values that includes a certain population parameter with a given probability). A confidence interval is a range of values that includes a certain population parameter with a given probability. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Quantitative Methods", page 163, 2002 Version.

Answer 58

D(Texas). Source, APA Planning Magazine July 2002, "Keeping Em Down on the Farm" by Valerie Berton, page 26. A 1997 report by the American Farmland Trust, showed that Texas had lost the most high quality agricultural land than any other state with runners up being, North Carolina, Ohio, Georgia, Louisiana, Florida, Illinois, Tennessee, Indiana, and California.

Answer 59

D(2,266). Source, APA Planning Magazine May 2002, "Monster Houses? Yes" by Lang and Danielson, page 24. It is a trend that is occurring in every city throughout the United States. Homes are getting much larger than in the past. Look at typical "teardown" development in older parts of towns. These new homes are being built to the maximum size allowed.

Answer 60

B(The area is primarily an industrial district.). Land use maps generally use different colors to represent different land uses. Typical colors for land uses include:

Answer 61

A(providing direct access to the adjacent land and access to the higher classified roads). Source: "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP", Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, "Transportation Planning" by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 155. See Figure One, Urban Systems. Local Streets can be described as providing direct access to the adjacent land and access to the higher classified roads.

Answer 62

B(You should answer the planners questions, and send them a copy of the plan.). Answer B, is the BEST option for you to follow. According to the APA, Section A: Principles to which we Aspire: 3. Our Responsibility to Our Profession and Colleagues We shall contribute to the development of, and respect for, our profession by improving knowledge and techniques, making work relevant to solutions of community problems, and increasing public understanding of planning activities. a) We shall protect and enhance the integrity of our profession. d) We shall share the results of experience and research that contribute to the body of planning knowledge. Source: www.planning.org.

Answer 63

B(Regression Analysis ). Regression Analysis could be described as a statistical technique that provides an estimate of one variable based upon a linear function of another variable. The coefficient varies between 0 and 1 and shows the percentage of the variance in the dependent variable shown by the independent variable. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Quantitative Methods", page 163, 2002 Version.

Answer 64

D(Policy Delphi). Through successive rounds of argument and counter argument the views of the public, special interest groups, staff, and government work towards a consensus. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Citizen Participation in Planning" by Terry Langlois, AICP, Memphis TN, page 135.

Answer 65

C(a measure of dispersion around the mean). A variance is a measure of dispersion around the mean. It is calculated as the average of the sum of the squared deviations from the mean. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Quantitative Methods" pages 162-164.

Answer 66

A(GI Bill). In 1944 the Serviceman's Readjustment Act ("G.I. Bill") was created. It guaranteed loans for homes to veterans under favorable terms. This accelerated the growth of the suburbs. Source: www.planning.org

Answer 67

B(organized around the basic skills in a planning agency ). There are four organizational structures that are most commonly used. Organization by Function (organized around the basic functions of urban decision making such as land use, and transportation) Organization by Process (organized around the basic skills in a planning agency such as research, and design) Organization by Time Frame (organized around the time it takes to complete the basic functions such as long range, and current planning). Organized by Geographic Area (organized around the physical areas of responsibility of the agency). Source: "Management and Organization of Planning" by Louise Mercuro, AICP, page 108, from the "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP)", 2002 version, Chapter Presidents Council.

Answer 68

D(F). Source: "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP", Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, "Transportation Planning" by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 156. See Figure 3, Roadway Level of Service Descriptions. Level F is described as having very low speeds, frequent stoppages, and volume greater than capacity.

Answer 69

D(Cincinnati, Ohio). In 1925 Cincinnati, Ohio became first major American city officially to endorse a comprehensive plan. (Alfred Bettman, Ladislas Segoe.) Source: www.planning.org

Answer 70

A(1,2). In 1978 the American Institute of Planners (AIP) and the American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO) merged to become the American Planning Association (APA). Source:www.planning.org

Answer 71

D(All of the above). Frederick Law Olmsted (1822-1903), was a renowned landscape architect and designed many public parks. Among them was New York's Central Park, whose co-designer was Calvert Vaux. Olmsted's son and namesake, Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. (1870-1957), also a landscape architect, designed Forest Hills Gardens, one of the first U.S. suburbs to follow the principles of the English Garden City movement. The younger Olmsted later helped found the American City Planning Institute. Source:www.planning.org

Answer 72

B(1,2,3). The Buffalo Commons proposal centers around the issue of creating a natural environment in the great plains. An area of the country where human population is shrinking. Source, APA Planning Magazine July 2002, "Small Can Be Beautiful" by Popper and Popper, page 22.

Answer 73

A(Taking ). Suitum v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, 520 U.S. 725 (1997). Mrs. Suitum argued that the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency effected a regulatory taking when it determined that her residential lot was ineligible for development under restrictions designed to protect Lake Tahoe. The Agency argued that the claim was unripe because Suitum had not attempted to sell TDRs to which she was entitled. After reaffirming its established ripeness doctrine in takings cases, the Court held that the claim was ripe because the value of her land could be determined without a sale of the TDRs. Source:http://www.communityrights.org

Answer 74

B(Census Block). According to the US Census, a Census block is a subdivision of a census tract. A Census block is the smallest geographic unit for which the Census Bureau tabulates 100-percent data. Blocks may correspond to individual city blocks bounded by the streets, but blocks may also include many square miles and may have some boundaries that are not streets. The Census Bureau established blocks covering the entire nation for the first time in 1990. Previous censuses back to 1940 had blocks established only for parts of the nation. In Census 2000, over 8 million blocks were identified. Source:http://www.census.gov

Answer 75

D(Eco-regions ). Eco-regions provide a spatial framework for ecosystem assessment, inventory, research, monitoring, and management. These regions delimit large areas within which local ecosystems reoccur more or less throughout the region in a predictable pattern. By observing the behavior of the different kinds of systems within a region it is possible to predict the behavior of one that hasn't been visited. This allows the extrapolation mechanism for identifying areas from which site specific knowledge on ecosystem behavior can be applied. Therefore they also suggest areas within which similar responses and management strategies are applicable (Bailey, 1987). Eco-regions should be thought of as multi-purpose regions, designed to show areas within which the aggregate of all terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem components is different from or less variant than that in other anias. Source:http://www.epa.gov

Answer 76

B(1969). NEPA was passed by Congress in 1969. National Environmental Policy Act passed and Environmental Protection Agency created. Source: http://cfpub.epa.gov

Answer 77

D(Civil Rights Act). In 1964, the Civil Rights Act outlawed discrimination based on race, creed, and national origin in places of public accommodation. Source: www.planning.org

Answer 78

C(You should attempt to meet with all groups that could be affected by the decision, and you should try and involve the shoppers. This could be achieved by doing an on-street survey.). Answer C, is the BEST option for you to follow. The Planning Commission asked a good question and you should involve as many people and a diverse group of people when making a planning recommendation. Answer D, would be acceptable on the surface, however, in this case, a significant set of users, weekend shoppers, would probably not be able to attend a weekday evening meeting especially if they are from out of town (and if they have to use a bus to get to Main Street, this is quite possible). As stated in the Code, Section A: Principles to which we Aspire: 1. Our Overall Responsibility to the Public Our primary obligation is to serve the public interest and we, therefore, owe our allegiance to a conscientiously attained concept of the public interest that is formulated through continuous and open debate. We shall achieve high standards of professional integrity, proficiency, and knowledge. To comply with our obligation to the public, we aspire to the following principles: (the following are those related to this question) a) We shall always be conscious of the rights of others. d) We shall provide timely, adequate, clear, and accurate information on planning issues to all affected persons and to governmental decision makers. e) We shall give people the opportunity to have a meaningful impact on the development of plans and programs that may affect them. Participation should be broad enough to include those who lack formal organization or influence. f) We shall seek social justice by working to expand choice and opportunity for all persons, recognizing a special responsibility to plan for the needs of the disadvantaged and to promote racial and economic integration. We shall urge the alteration of policies, institutions, and decisions that oppose such needs. h) We shall deal fairly with all participants in the planning process. Those of us who are public officials or employees shall also deal evenhandedly with all planning process participants. Source: www.planning.org.

Answer 79

D(Transit Oriented Development). "Transit Oriented Development (TOD) refers to residential and commercial areas designed to maximize access by Transit and Non-motorized transportation, and with other features to Encourage Transit Ridership. A TOD neighborhood has a center with a rail or bus station, surrounded by relatively high-density development, with progressively lower-density spreading outwards. For example, the neighborhood center may have a transit stations and a few multi-story commercial and residential buildings, surrounded by several blocks of townhouses and small-lot single-family residential, and larger-lot single-family housing farther away. (http://www.vtpi.org - Victoria Transport Policy Institute).

Answer 80

A(those coming out of a pipe and into a body of water ). Point pollutants are those coming out of a pipe and into a body of water. Source: Environmental Planning, by Steven Gordon, AICP, 1989, The Ohio State University.

Answer 81

D(Median). This data set is skewed by the final observation (87). Therefore, the mean is not the best measure. The mode would report 41, which is also too low for the mid point. One-Tailed T-Test was written just to confuse you. Therefore, the median (44.5 - halfway between 41 and 48) is probably the best measure of central tendency.

Answer 82

B(Reserve Funds). In financing, "Reserve Funds", can be described as, "funds that are accumulated in advance for capital purchase or construction." Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Budgeting" by Dale F. Bertsch, AICP, Department of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1989 Department of City and Regional Planning, pages 199-205.

Answer 83

D(1, 2, 3). Source, APA Planning Magazine April 2002, "What Difference has the ADA Made?" by Terry S. Szold, page 12. Universal Design involves making our homes and cities accessible to all people.

Answer 84

D(PUD). Zoning districts may be set up into many different ways. 1. Cumulative (or pyramid), this is when permitted uses automatically accumulate from one district to each successive one. In this, the single detached residence is the top. 2)Exclusive classification, allows no uses in districts than the uses for which they were created. An example for this is to stop residential from "taking over" another land use like commercial and then protesting when a commercial use is proposed. 3)Performance Standards, establish objective thresholds and maximum limits of the effects or characteristics of a land use (e.g.: allowable amount of noise). 4)Performance Zoning, regulates the character of the use instead of simply just regulating the use itself. 5)Mixed-Use districts, permitting mixed uses. 6)Planned Unit Developments (PUD), allows a mix of uses and flexibility in design as well as flexibility in density and dimensional requirements. 7) Overlay zones, these add requirements "on top" of zoning districts. 8)Incentive Zoning, cities can use these to encourage development that exceeds the minimum standards. 9)Transferable Development Rights (TDR), allows property owners with limited development rights to buy additional rights from another property owner. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Development Regulations" by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 142-144.

Answer 85

A(Phoenix, Ariz.). Phoenix, Ariz. had a 2000 census population of 1,321,045, and a 1990 census population of 983,403. An increase in population of 337,642, or 34.3%. It moved from 10 on the list in 1990 to 6 in 2000. Source: http://www.infoplease.com

Answer 86

C(minor arterials ). Source: "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP", Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, "Transportation Planning" by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 155. See Figure One, Urban Systems. Minor Arterials can be described as interconnecting the principal arterials while providing less mobility and a moderate amount of land access, distributing travel to smaller areas, while interconnecting the Principal arterials.

Answer 87

B(Charrette). A charrette can be described as an intensive, interactive problem solving exercise. It is convened around a specific plan(s). Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Citizen Participation in Planning" by Terry Langlois, AICP, Memphis TN, page 134.

Answer 88

B(1,4). Visioning is different from planning's tradition of public meeting goal setting because the goals are typically based on what already exists in the community. It does not look at any of the existing opportunities or constraints n the community. It is a projection of what is desired. Visioning does not require extensive data collection. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Visioning" by Barbara Becker, AICP, Tucson, AZ., Page 66.

Answer 89

D(Frank Lloyd Wright ). Broadacre City had varied lot sizes with the family (minimum per acre). Its main problems were that its agrarian romantic ideas did not work, it failed to consider the economic facts and social revolutions, and also, it only accommodated the very rich.

Answer 90

B(1937). The 1937 U.S. Housing Act (Wagner-Steagall) set the stage for future government aid by appropriating $500 million in loans for low-cost housing. Tied slum clearance to public housing. Source: www.planning.org

Answer 91

B(A measure of dispersion around the mean calculated as the average of the sum of the square deviations from the mean.). The variance measures dispersion around the mean calculated as the average of the sum of square deviations from the mean. The square root of the variance determines the standard deviation. Analysis of standard deviations and the variance of a normally distributed data allow a research to associations between variables.

Answer 92

A(1). The San Diego Regional Energy Office has a Cool Savings for Cool Roofs program that gives incentives to building owners that install reflective roofing materials. This lowers air conditioning loads by minimizing heat absorption. SDREO stands for San Diego Regional Energy Office. This energy office was created in 1996 by the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG). Source: American Planning Association, Planning Magazine, October 2002, "Who's Got Energy? What Cones to Mind?" by Jim Schwab, AICP, pages 4-7.

Answer 93

A(had the lowest population gain). Source, APA Planning Magazine July 2002, "Small Can Be Beautiful" by Popper and Popper, page 22. The 2000 Census showed that North Dakota had the lowest population gain of any state, and nearly all its recent growth has been urban rather than rural.

Answer 94

A(restaurant ). A restaurant has a peak space factor of 5.0 - 25.0 parking spaces per 1,000 sq. ft. of Gross Leaseable Area (GLA). Source: "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP", Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, "Transportation Planning" by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 159, Figure 6, Ranges of Generation Factors. The source for this table is ITE, "Parking Generation", 2nd edition, 1987.

Answer 95

D(1892). In 1892 the Sierra Club was founded to promote the protection and preservation of the natural environment. John Muir, Scottish-American naturalist, and a major figure in the history of American environmentalism, was the leading founder. Source: www.planning.org

Answer 96

B(A person may not file a charge anonymously. All charges must be accompanied by a name to resolve any disputes or denials of any claims.). According to the AICP, Procedures, Under the Code of Ethics and Conduct, a person CAN file a charge anonymously. However, those who file anonymously, shall have the option of designating an email or post office address for the Executive Director to contact them. As stated in the Code, Section C. 5. Filing a Charge of Misconduct Any person, whether or not an AICP member, may file a charge of misconduct against a Certified Planner. A charge of misconduct shall be made in a letter sent to the AICP Ethics Officer. The letter may be signed or it may be anonymous. The person filing the charge is urged to maintain confidentiality to the extent practicable. The person filing the charge should not send a copy of the charge to the Certified Planner identified in the letter or to any other person. The letter shall accurately identify the Certified Planner against whom the charge is being made and describe the conduct that allegedly violated the provisions of the Rules of Conduct. The person filing a charge should also cite all provisions of the Rules of Conduct that have allegedly been violated. However, a charge will not be dismissed if the Ethics Officer is able to determine from the facts stated in the letter that certain Rules of Conduct may have been violated. The letter reciting the charge should be accompanied by all relevant documentation available to the person filing the charge. While anonymously filed charges are permitted, anonymous filers will not receive notification of the disposition of the charge. Anonymous filers may furnish a postal address in the event the Ethics Officer needs to reach them for an inquiry. Source: www.planning.org

Answer 97

C(1991). In 1991, the Passage of Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) includes provisions for a National Scenic Byways Program and for transportation enhancements, each of which includes a historic preservation component. Source:www.planning.org

Answer 98

D(Effluent). Effluent is a discharge of pollutants into the environment, partially or completely treated or in its natural state and is generally used in regard to discharges into waters. Source: http://www.epa.gov

Answer 99

D(I & II). In 1924-28, Sunnyside Gardens, a planned neighborhood designed by Clarence Stein and Henry Wright, was built by the City Housing Corporation under Alexander Bing in Queens, New York. And in 1928 construction of Radburn, New Jersey, began. This Planned community was inspired by Howard's Garden City concept and designed by Stein and Wright. It was a forerunner of the New Deal's Greenbelt towns. Source:www.planning.org

Answer 100

D(cities can use these to encourage development that exceeds the minimum standards). Zoning districts may be set up into different ways. 1. Cumulative (or pyramid), this is when permitted uses automatically accumulate from one district to each successive one. In this, the single detached residence is the top. 2)Exclusive classification, allows no uses in districts than the uses for which they were created. An example for this is to stop residential from "taking over" another land use like commercial and then protesting when a commercial use is proposed. 3)Performance Standards, establish objective thresholds and maximum limits of the effects or characteristics of a land use (e.g.: allowable amount of noise). 4)Performance Zoning, regulates the character of the use instead of simply just regulating the use itself. 5)Mixed-Use districts, permitting mixed uses. 6)Planned Unit Developments (PUD), allows a mix of uses and flexibility in design as well as flexibility in density and dimensional requirements. 7) Overlay zones, these add requirements "on top" of zoning districts. 8)Incentive Zoning, cities can use these to encourage development that exceeds the minimum standards. (e.g.: density bonus) 9)Transferable Development Rights (TDR), allows property owners with limited development rights to buy additional rights from another property owner. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Development Regulations" by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 142-144.

Answer 101

D(First English Evangelical Lutheran Church v. County of Los Angeles ). In the 1987 First English Evangelical Lutheran Church v. County of Los Angeles, the U.S. Supreme Court found that even a temporary taking requires compensation.

Answer 102

D(1, 2, 4). Superfund is the Federal government's program to clean up the nation's uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. Under the Superfund program, abandoned, accidentally spilled, or illegally dumped hazardous waste that pose a current or future threat to human health or the environment are cleaned up. To accomplish its mission, EPA works closely with communities, Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs), scientists, researchers, contractors, and state, local, tribal, and Federal authorities. Together with these groups, EPA identifies hazardous waste sites, tests the conditions of the sites, formulates cleanup plans, and cleans up the sites. The Superfund Trust Fund was set up to pay for the cleanup of these sites. The money comes mainly from taxes on the chemical and petroleum industries. The Trust Fund is used primarily when those companies or people responsible for contamination at Superfund sites cannot be found, or cannot perform or pay for the cleanup work. Source, APA Planning Magazine February 2002, "GE, EPE and PCB's" by Jill Fisher, AICP, page 23. A popular question from our members is, "Who pays for the cleanup?". From the Superfund website it states that one of EPA's top priorities is to get those responsible for the contamination (the PRPs) to clean up the site. If the PRP cannot be found, is not viable, or refuses to cooperate, EPA, the state, or tribe may cleanup the site using Superfund money. EPA may seek to recover the cost of clean up from those parties that do not cooperate. Source: EPA.com

Answer 103

A(Metropolitan Water District of Southern California). Source, APA Planning Magazine May 2002, "Drip Drip Drip" by Shigley and Krist, page 7. MWD is looking at nontraditional means of obtaining, moving, and storing water. The MWD was created in 1927 by state legislature to bring water from the Colorado River to Los Angeles and it's suburbs. It's engineer's found the best route for the 242 mile aqueduct.

Answer 104

C(Ambient). Ambient standards are for air and water quality relating to the quality of the receiving environment that is used to judge the overall improvements in the environmental quality. Source: Environmental Planning, by Steven Gordon, AICP, 1989, The Ohio State University.

Answer 105

A(Nectow v. City of Cambridge). Nectow v. City of Cambridge, 277 U.S. 183 (1928). The Court invalidated a zoning ordinance as applied to a landowner whose land was restricted to residential uses. Relying on the findings that the zoning did not promote health, safety or general welfare, the Court struck down the ordinance as applied because it did not bear a substantial relation to these goals. Source: www.communityrights.org

Answer 106

C(densest city). This article in Planning magazine discusses how perceptions about density can be misleading when it comes to units per acre. USA Today reported that after ranking the Census Bureau's metropolitan statistical areas according to the percentage of population living at densities over 1,000 per square miles that LA came out on top. LA was denser than New York, Chicago or San Francisco. Source, APA Planning Magazine August 2002, "Dense, Denser, Denser Still" by Ruth Eckdish Knack, AICP.

Answer 107

D(a statistical technique that provides an estimate of one variable based upon a linear function of another variable). Regression Analysis could be described as a statistical technique that provides an estimate of one variable based upon a linear function of another variable. The coefficient varies between 0 and 1 and shows the percentage of the variance in the dependent variable shown by the independent variable. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Quantitative Methods", page 163, 2002 Version.

Answer 108

C(The power to make Zoning Decisions). The governing body, called the City Council, or town board, has the most responsibility and power for zoning decisions. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Development Regulations" by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 145.

Answer 109

D(the FHA for insuring individual home mortgages). In 1934 the National Housing Act was created. It established FSLIC for insuring savings deposits and the FHA for insuring individual home mortgages.

Answer 110

D(Double income/ no kids couples). Source, APA Planning Magazine May 2002, "Monster Houses? No" by Hinshaw, FAICP, page 27. DINKS stands for double income/no kids couples.

Answer 111

D(urban collectors ). Source: "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP", Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, "Transportation Planning" by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 155. See Figure One, Urban Systems. Urban Collectors can be described providing both traffic circulation and land access with all land uses by collecting and distributing traffic to these geographic areas.

Answer 112

D(a probability distribution that is symmetrical around the mean). Normal Distribution is a probability distribution that is symmetrical around the mean. It is bell shaped and when with a standardized relationship between the mean and variance is called a score. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Quantitative Methods", page 163, 2002 Version.

Answer 113

D(New York State Tenement House Law 1901 ). In 1901 the New York State Tenement House Law was created. The legislative basis for the revision of city codes that outlawed tenements such as the "Dumbbell Tenement." Lawrence Veiller was the leading reformer. Source: www.planning.org