P Exam 1 Flashcards

Question

Which of the following would be least likely to apply while working as a planner for the U.S. Army?Select one:a. Joint Land Use Studies b. Air Installation Compatible Use Zones c. Base Realignment and Closure Act d. Section 8 Vouchers

Answer 1

The correct answer is Section 8 Vouchers. Section 8 vouchers provide housing subsidies for low-income people, and are not specific to military bases. The Base Realignment and Closure Act (BRAC) refers to congressional actions that streamline military base operations. Air Installation Compatible Use Zones address land use coordination with local governments around the base. Joint Land Use Studies are a joint planning effort between active military installations, surrounding communities and other agencies.The correct answer is: Section 8 Vouchers

Answer 2

The correct answer is that arterial streets limit direct access to homes and businesses. While some of the other possible answers could also be true, such as “connects employees to their places of employment,” the defining trait of arterials is the limitation of direct access to adjacent properties.The correct answer is: ...limits access.

Answer 3

In 1978, the American Planning Association was consolidated from the American Institute of Planners (AIP) and the American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO). AIP was incorporated in 1917, as the American City Planning Institute, and renamed the AIP in 1939. ASPO was established in 1934.The correct answer is: The APA was formed in the late 1970s when the AIP and ASPO consolidated. The AIP first started in 1917 as the American City Planning Institute until it was renamed in 1934.

Answer 4

The Associated Home Builders case related to when building permits could be developed based on the availability of infrastructure.The correct answer is: Timing of Development

Answer 5

E-commerce companies need a well-educated workforce with web design skills. They prefer a region with utility competition, which results in lower costs for internet service. They prefer downtown offices and their workforce wants vibrant urban scenes and active nightlife.The correct answer is: Technology-ready suburban office parks.

Answer 6

The answer is Audience Response System (ARS).An ARS is an instant polling software used in conjunction with a slide presentation. A USB receiver or base station retrieves the data provided by an audience using wireless hand-held devices and stores this information on the presenter’s computer. Some ARS programs offer the option of participating in the process via personal cellular phones or laptop computers. The most obvious benefit of ARS is the chance to receive instant and accurate feedback from the audience. This feedback is assumed to represent honest opinions because the answers are sent anonymously.The correct answer is: Audience Response System

Answer 7

The correct answer is an auger test. An auger can be used to retrieve soil samples and then examined for the soil profiles.The correct answer is: An auger test

Answer 8

A bell curve would not be used to graphically compare two sets of data.The correct answer is: Bell curve

Answer 9

Berman v. Parker upheld the use of eminent domain for aesthetic purposes. Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas is a 1st and 14th amendments case dealing with freedom of association. Berman v. Parker upheld the use of eminent domain for aesthetic purposes. Construction Industry of Sonoma County v. City of Petaluma is a growth management case. Euclid v. Ambler Realty established zoning as a constitutional use of government police power. The correct answer is: Berman v. Parker

Answer 10

In economics, the free rider problem refers to a situation where some individuals in a population either consume more than their fair share of a common resource, or pay less than their fair share of the cost of a common resource.The correct answer is: Someone benefits from the consumption of a public good without paying their full share.

Answer 11

After a bill has been voted on and approved by one side of the legislature, in this case, the House, then it would be referred to the Senate. The bill is then introduced by the Senate Speaker, referred to a committee, and then goes through the legislative review process before it can be voted on and ultimately signed by the Governor.The correct answer is “The bill is then sent to the Senate where it will be introduced by the Senate Speaker.”The correct answer is: The bill is then sent to the Senate where it will be introduced by the Senate Speaker.

Answer 12

The correct answer: “The state law requires that billboard advertising be discontinued for two years before the amortization period would start, so the ordinance as proposed would be illegal.”Local jurisdictions seeking to remove billboards can pass an ordinance that requires the removal of billboards by a given time, a process known as amortization. States set the rules for amortization. In this case, the Planning Director’s proposal does not meet the requirements of state law.The correct answer is: The state law requires that billboard advertising be discontinued for two years before the amortization period would start, so the ordinance as proposed would be illegal.

Answer 13

Binary variables can only take on two values, and are typically represented as 0 and 1. They are used for variables for which there are only two possible outcomes, such as male or female, or yes or no.The correct answer is: Yes, because binary variables have only two different values.

Answer 14

Biophilic design brings humans and nature together through sustainable strategies, which can include lighting, ventilation, natural elements, and access to water.The correct answer is: Multi-modal transportation options

Answer 15

A Board of Zoning Adjustments acts in a quasi-judicial manner and can grant variances and hear appeals. The correct answers are I. Hear and decide appeals from determinations made by local zoning officials and II. Grant variances to provide relief from the terms of the zoning ordinance.The enactment of zoning ordinances and special exceptions are achieved through a legislative process and a planning commission.The correct answer is: I and II only

Answer 16

Options I, II, & III are all listed in PAS Report 539-540 as key elements of the brainstorming process to assist groups in working together and identifying key goals for the planning process. Option IV is generally not a part of the brainstorming process, although it is a common component of public engagement.The correct answer is: I, II, & III

Answer 17

To help make cities unique and competitive in the global economy, many cities have undertaken branding efforts.The correct answer is: Branding

Answer 18

Bridging is used to bring the conversation back to the central message when questions take you off topic. All the other potential answers are communication tactics, but do not fit the definition established by the question.The correct answer is: By using a transitional phrase to stay on message when the question could take you off topic.

Answer 19

The correct answer is brownfields. Brownfields are contaminated industrial sites. Greenfields refer to land that is not currently used for development. Grayfields are former development sites that are not contaminated. The correct answer is: Brownfields

Answer 20

A buffer is a reclassification based on distance. Buffering measures distance outward in directions from an object, in this case a stream. Buffering can be created around three types of vector data: point, line, and area.The correct answer is: Buffer

Answer 21

The correct answer is police power. Police power is the power granted government to impose what it considers reasonable restrictions on the liberties of its citizens for the maintenance of public order and safety. A building permit, for example, ensures the safety of citizens.The correct answer is: Police power

Answer 22

All of the choices are possibilities and could be used to support an effort to improve downtown. The best choice is to implement a Business Improvement District, which would provide funds to clean the sidewalks, patrol the streets, and keep up the appearance of the downtown. To create a Business Improvement District, property owners agree to an increase in the district’s tax rate. The revenue from the tax increase are used to fund improvements inside the district.The correct answer is: Implement a Business Improvement District.

Answer 23

A cap park provides a park over a segment of freeway to encourage people to move through the space going from one area to another. All of these are possibilities, but the cap park best overcomes the perceived barrier.The correct answer is: A cap park

Answer 24

The correct answer is cell phone survey. According to the Pew Research Center, almost half of Americans had a cell phone, but no landline service as of 2015 (http://www.pewresearch.org/methodology/u-s-survey-research/collecting-survey-data/). Among Hispanics, 61% have wireless service only. A younger population is unlikely to respond to a mail survey. While social media is a way to publicize the survey, you will be more likely to get a response through direct contact with residents.The correct answer is: Cell phone survey

Answer 25

While Census data is used for a variety of purposes, the primary purpose is to apportion seats for Congress. The correct answer is: Fairly apportioning the number of seats in the United States House of Representatives for each state.

Answer 26

The American Community Survey uses a series of monthly samples to produce annually updated estimates for the same census tract and block groups that used to be surveyed via the decennial census long-form sample. http://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/methodology/design-and-methodology.htmlThe correct answer is: It uses a series of monthly samples to produce annually updated estimates for census tracts and block groups

Answer 27

The correct answer is 20 percent.According to the 2016 American Community Survey, the share of multigenerational households has almost reached the 1950 peak—now representing 20 percent of the total population.The correct answer is: 20

Answer 28

Central business districts are typically their own zoning district, rather than an overlay.The correct answer is: Central business district

Answer 29

Lindblom wrote about incrementalism as a step-by-step approach to achieving plans as a response to rationalism.The correct answer is: Charles Lindblom

Answer 30

In the case Cheney v. Village 2 at New Hope, the Pennsylvania State Court in 1968 found that planned unit developments are acceptable if the regulations focus on density requirements rather than specific rules for each lot.The correct answer is: Cheney v. Village 2 at New Hope

Answer 31

The 1893 World's Columbian Exposition included the White City, designed by Daniel Burnham. The term has been applied to mean the color of the buildings as well as the exclusionary ideas on display at the exposition. The correct answer is: White City

Answer 32

In this case, the best choice is a chicane. A chicane is a short, shallow, S-shaped turn that requires drivers to turn slightly left and then right again to stay on the road, which results in slowing speeds down. Chicanes are most effective when there are volumes of traffic that are similar from both approaches. While diagonal parking can reduce traffic speeds, they are best applied in non-residential areas. Roundabouts are intended to slow traffic while increasing traffic efficiency. In this case, there is no desire to increase efficiency of traffic movement, thus we don't want to encourage more traffic movements. While a speed hump could be used to slow traffic, they have to be placed continuously along a road to be effective. The correct answer is: Chicane

Answer 33

The correct answer is “Appointing a single person to adjudicate dispute and make a final decision.”The American Planning Association is especially supportive of planning as an inclusive enterprise, fostering community input and working to develop consensus. A single person making a decision would run counter to that ideal.The correct answer is: Appointing a single person to adjudicate dispute and make a final decision

Answer 34

All of these limitations may prevent citizens from learning about or participating in the planning process. In fact, over a quarter of adults do not have access to broadband at home, 9% have limited English, and another 19% cannot read a newspaper due to visual or other reading impairments.The correct answer is: All of these are limitations that can prevent citizens from participating in the planning process.

Answer 35

In the 1960s, Citizens to Preserve Overton Park filed suit against U.S. Secretary of Transportation John Volpe after he announced plans to build Interstate 40 through Overton Park in Memphis. The suit claimed that Vollpe was violating section 4(f) of the Dept. of Transportation Act of 1966, which required the government to show there were no "feasible and prudent" alternatives to using public lands, such as parks, when building freeways. In 1971, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Citizens to Preserve Overton Park, leading to a considerable increase in grassroots environmental organizing.The correct answer is: Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe

Answer 36

The City Beautiful movement sought to achieve these objectives. Proponents of the City Beautiful philosophy believed that aesthetics could have an effect on human behavior and social order. In their view, harmonious, beautiful public spaces would lead to social harmony and increased civic virtue.The correct answer is: City Beautiful

Answer 37

City Efficient, City Beautiful, and Public Health came before the City Humane Movement. The City Humane Movement occurred in the 1930s. The City Functional gained prominence in the 1940s.The correct answer is: City Functional

Answer 38

City of Rancho Palos Verdes established that administrative procedures can remedy violations of the Telecommunications Act, and that an individual cannot force compliance.The correct answer is: City of Rancho Palos Verdes v. Abrams

Answer 39

The correct answer is: Title VIII of the 1968 Civil Rights Act is also known as the Fair Housing Act.The Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned discrimination and segregation on the basis of race, religion, national origin and gender in the workplace, schools, public accommodations and in federally assisted programs. The Civil Rights Act of 1968 provided for equal housing opportunities regardless of race, creed, or national origin. The Fair Housing Act (FHA) is also known as Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968.The correct answer is: Title VIII of the 1968 Civil Rights Act is also known as the Fair Housing Act.

Answer 40

The correct answer is the Regional Survey of New York and Its Environs. The intended purpose of the Neighborhood Unit Concept was to create complete neighborhoods, providing convenient access for residents to school and businesses.The correct answer is: Regional Survey of New York and Its Environs

Answer 41

Clarence Stein was a co-founder of the Regional Planning Association of America.The correct answer is: Clarence Stein

Answer 42

The Environmental Protection Agency and the Army Corps of Engineers have regulatory power to prepare rules for navigable waters, and are thus the best answer for this question. The Clean Water Act of 1972 exercised its power to regulate interstate commerce by prohibiting discharges into the nation’s navigable waters. If the body of water can be used to transport goods from one state to another it is covered by the Clean Water Act. The correct answer is: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Army Corps of Engineers

Answer 43

The correct answer is coalition building.In this case, bringing together organizations that support light rail to build a coalition would be most helpful. A open house could be used to inform the public about light rail. A public hearing could be used to express interest to the part of the city council. A visual preference survey would not be helpful because people don't need to vote on pictures of light rail.The correct answer is: Coalition Building

Answer 44

Coalitions often have goals as varied as coalitions themselves, but they often include one or more elements of influencing public policy, changing public behavior, and building healthy community. Coalitions allow for individual groups with a common interest to work together toward their goal(s).The correct answer is: I, II, & III

Answer 45

A COG or regional council is a multi-service entity that delivers a variety of federal, state, and local programs, and they are accountable to local units of government. They can also function as partners for state and federal governments.The correct answer is: Local government

Answer 46

The first step is to understand the facts surrounding the issue. By reviewing the plan, the planner will understand where the proposed moratorium is expected.The correct answer is: Review the draft plan to determine if the moratorium will affect the annexation.

Answer 47

There isn't really a difference. The terms regional council (RC) and council of governments (COG) are generally interchangeable. They might also be called regional planning commissions, regional commissions, or planning districts.The correct answer is: There is essentially no difference.

Answer 48

The Cohort Survival method, also known as the population pyramid, is one of the most detailed population estimation methods.The correct answer is: Cohort Survival

Answer 49

Agreement can become more difficulty with a large number of members, while having at least nine members ensures that all personality types and a diversity of voices are represented. A small committee can at times not bring a broad enough set of interests to the table. In this case, you would want a mix of stakeholders, such as parents, neighbors, teachers, staff, administrators, etc.The correct answer is: Nine to 15

Answer 50

The correct answer is consensus building. Using a scientific process to plan is associated with rational planning. Viewing planning as a series of incremental steps is associated with incremental planning. Working one-on-one with citizens to develop a plan is associated with transactive planning.The correct answer is: Consensus building

Answer 51

The correct answer is consensus building. Consensus Building asks stakeholders to work together to come to a solution. Coalition Building brings parties who agree together to promote an idea. A Town Hall Meeting is good to identify issues, but in this case, the issue is already known. Focus Groups might be useful in understanding the issue further, but is not the best answer.The correct answer is: Consensus Building

Answer 52

The correct answer is conservation zoning, which requires the clustering of homes while preserving open space. The subdivisions can be designed to protect well water areas by placing septic systems in other areas.The correct answer is: Conservation zoning

Answer 53

Contour lines can be curved, straight, or a mixture of curved and straight depending on the topography of a specific location.The correct answer is: Contour lines are always curved

Answer 54

For the application to become a National Historic District, it is most important to consider the number of contributing buildings. A survey of all historic buildings in the city and information about particular design styles or notable works are key to recognizing the district as historically significant to the nation.The correct answer is: The number of contributing buildings.

Answer 55

The National Corridor Planning and Development Program and the Coordinated Border Infrastructure Program provided funding between 1999 and 2005, but was discontinued under The Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act and the Coordinated Border Infrastructure Program. (http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/border_planning/corbor/)The correct answer is: National Corridor Planning and Development Program and the Coordinated Border Infrastructure Program

Answer 56

In the United States, a Council of Government (COG), also known as regional councils, regional commissions, regional planning commissions, and planning districts, serve as regional governing or coordinating bodies.Metropolitan Planning organizations are focused on transportation planning, while COGs have a broader scope, often including air quality, water quality, or affordable housing.The correct answer is: Council of Governments

Answer 57

Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) is the best answer. CPTED offers a safety-based approach to the design of the environment, including features such as lines of sight and lighting. An American Planning Association Policy Guide on Security provides for best practices in designing secure spaces https://www.planning.org/policy/guides/adopted/security.htmThe correct answer is: Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design principles.

Answer 58

Richard Florida, author of The Rise of the Creative Class, argues that for a city to attract the Creative Class it must possess "the three 'Ts": Talent (a highly talented/educated/skilled population), Tolerance (a diverse community, which has a 'live and let live' ethos), and Technology (the technological infrastructure necessary to fuel an entrepreneurial culture).The correct answer is: I, II, III, and IV

Answer 59

You are undertaking a longitudinal survey—a survey over time—which is implied by the question since you are assessing how opinions will change. A cross-sectional survey is a type of survey that involves the analysis of data collected from a representative subset of a population at one specific point in time.The correct answer is: Longitudinal survey

Answer 60

II describes the design charrette method; III describes the nominal group technique; and IV describes the mediation method. Only I explains how the Delphi technique encourages group members to achieve consensus by revising their answers to hypothetical questionnaires.The correct answer is: I

Answer 61

The Delphi technique does not use a group of appointed citizens to advise the governing body.A group of appointed citizens to advise the governing body is known as a Citizen Advisory Committee (also known by other names in each community). It is not necessary to have a group of appointed citizens to participate in the Delphi technique.The correct answer is: It uses a group of appointed citizens to advise the governing body.

Answer 62

The Department of the Interior is responsible for the National Park Service, which is responsible for overseeing the National Register of Historic Places.The correct answer is: Department of the Interior

Answer 63

The dependency ratio is a ratio of dependents. Those who are younger than 15 and those older than 64 to represent the working age population. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working age population.The correct answer is: Dependency Ratio

Answer 64

The correct answer is descriptive. Descriptive statistics are distinguished from inferential statistics (or inductive statistics) in that descriptive statistics aim to summarize a sample, rather than use the data to learn about the population that the sample of data is thought to represent.The correct answer is: Descriptive

Answer 65

A local street is designed to service land uses such as single family homes, and will generally slow traffic speeds and provide for active transportation trips.The correct answer is: Local

Answer 66

The legal basis for the zoning ordinance amendment is critical to include. Zoning for the purposes of aesthetics is a valid public purpose, and the staff report should reflect any state statutes or other legal basis for putting in place these standards. While architecture character and quality of life are relevant in the report, the legal basis is the best answer.The correct answer is: The legal basis for enforcing the design standards.

Answer 67

A development agreement can be used to clarify what infrastructure will be provided as part of a development. Impact fees can also be instituted to pay for off-site improvements. However, since this improvement is on-site, the better answer is a development agreement.The correct answer is: Development agreement

Answer 68

The correct answer is discrete variable. A discrete variable can take a finite number of values. Examples are counts, like number of traffic collisions. A dichotomous variable has only two values, typically zero and 1. This is also known as a binary variable.The correct answer is: Discrete

Answer 69

All of these would be factors to consider in ensuring a healthy downtown commercial district in a historic community.The correct answer is: All of these could be key considerations.

Answer 70

The correct answer is drop-off. A drop-off survey would be the best choice because you could leave the survey at neighborhood homes and businesses, allowing residents to complete them at their convenience. By dropping off the survey you would have personal contact with the residents. A drop-off survey would have a higher response rate than a mail survey. Given that the area is low-income, electronic and phone would be poor choices because not everyone would have access to a telephone or the Internet.The correct answer is: Drop-off

Answer 71

The purpose of visioning is to build consensus, and all the answers list advantages of visioning.Some disadvantages of visioning: it adds to the cost of the planning process, because it is an intensive public participation effort; it can create unrealistic expectations that the government can't fulfill; and it is dependent on a facilitator.The correct answer is: These are all advantages of visioning.

Answer 72

Concerns regarding environmental justice build upon Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. A formal federal policy on environmental justice was established in 1994, and in 1995 the U.S. Department of Transportation issued its Order to Address Environmental Justice. It states that consideration of environmental justice issues must be considered during preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). These considerations include documentation, data analysis, and public participation, but not mitigation of past environmental injustices.The correct answer is: II, III, and IV

Answer 73

The correct answer is “Resources, information, and training should be widely available so that all stakeholders are able to participate in decision making.”When asking public engagement questions, the answer at the highest level of public engagement, as defined by Sherry Arnstein’s “Ladder of Citizen Participation,” is usually the correct answer.The correct answer is: Resources, information, and training should be widely available so that all stakeholders are able to participate in decision making.

Answer 74

The AICP Code of Ethics states, “Any Certified Planner whose membership or certification is revoked may petition the Ethics Committee for reinstatement no sooner than five years from the time of revocation.”The correct answer is: Submit a petition to the AICP Ethics Committee.

Answer 75

Accepting a bribe would violate the conflict of interest portion of the AICP Code of Ethics, which states, "We shall not perform work on a project for a client or employer if, in addition to the agreed upon compensation from our client or employer, there is a possibility for direct personal or financial gain to us, our family members, or persons living in our household, unless our client or employer, after full written disclosure from us, consents in writing to the arrangement."The correct answer is: Accepting a bribe

Answer 76

You can advise your brother about the planning process the same way that you would for any customer that would visit your office. The AICP Code of Ethics states, "We shall deal fairly with all participants in the planning process. Those of us who are public officials or employees shall also deal evenhandedly with all planning process participants."The correct answer is: Advise your brother about the planning process and offer your expertise to him. However, decline to represent him in any official way to avoid the appearance of a conflict of interest.

Answer 77

Advocacy planning, an idea championed by Paul Davidoff, emphasized the importance of planning for the needs of diverse groups of stakeholders in the community.The correct answer is: Advocacy planning

Answer 78

The AICP Code calls for the use of professional competence. In this case, you understand the role of job creation and the reasons why creating incentives for certain types of businesses and not others are logical. Although your report might go against what the city wants, you will be presenting factual evidence for your position, and the city will be able to then make the choice they want.The correct answer is: Prepare the report outlining the options for incentives and the pros and cons associated with the incentive options

Answer 79

You should attend the event. This invitation is from the organization and there is no specific conflict of interest by participating.The correct answer is: Attend the event

Answer 80

Demonstrating the values of environmental preservation in terms that the Council will understand is a valuable way to present the argument in terms that others will understand.The correct answer is: No

Answer 81

According to the AICP Code of Ethics, “Any person with a question about whether specific conduct conforms to the Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct may seek informal advice from the Ethics Officer. Any such person should contact the Ethics Officer to arrange a time to discuss the issue.”The correct answer is: Seek informal advice from the APA Ethics Officer.

Answer 82

The planner does not need to report ethical violations to the media.The correct answer is: A planner should report violations to the media.

Answer 83

Land use codes are public information and, thus, information should not be withheld. The correct answer is: You should withhold information about land use codes from developers.

Answer 84

In this case, there is no ethical issue at this point in time. While the Planing Director might have felt threatened, in fact the Mayor simply requested that the department provide a high level of customer service. The Planning Director should ensure the developer understands the rules and has the opportunity to consult with staff to make sure the project can move forward in a timely manner. As this project moves forward, there might come a point where there is an ethical conflict. If this happens, the Planning Director will be in a strong position to describe how they have done everything possible to ensure that the project moves forward quickly while meeting city requirements.The correct answer is: Send a letter to the developer, copying the Mayor outlining the specific requirements for permitting approval noting the fastest way to achieve permit approval and noting that you are available for consultation to ensure the project moves forward as quickly as possible

Answer 85

The AICP Code of Ethics states “We shall neither deliberately, nor with reckless indifference, misrepresent the qualifications, views and findings of other professionals.” In this case, because you as a sole practitioner have no experience in health indicators, describing yourself as a perfect fit misrepresents your qualifications.The correct answer is: Yes, as a planner you have misrepresented your qualifications.

Answer 86

The AICP Code of Ethics states "We shall not, as salaried employees, undertake other employment in planning or a related profession, whether or not for pay, without having made full written disclosure to the employer who furnishes our salary and having received subsequent written permission to undertake additional employment, unless our employer has a written policy which expressly dispenses with a need to obtain such consent." Moonlighting is acceptable, but it should be in a position that does not conflict with your primary employment and permission is needed from your employer.The correct answer is: Working at a bookstore on weekends is an example of an acceptable moonlighting position.

Answer 87

Given this project is at the request for proposal stage, it is best not to submit a response to the request for proposal. If the workload became overwhelming after submitting the proposal and selection, then it would be appropriate to talk to the county about the start date or hire another qualified planner or to withdraw at that time.The correct answer is: Decline the contract due to your current workload.

Answer 88

Because you are a property owner, you might benefit from the enforcement of codes in your own neighborhood. Because you might benefit, you should not be the person handling the case without first consulting with your supervisor, who can provide in writing the appropriate enforcement action. The AICP Code of Ethics states "We shall not perform work on a project for a client or employer if, in addition to the agreed upon compensation from our client or employer, there is a possibility for direct personal or financial gain to us, our family members, or persons living in our household, unless our client or employer, after full written disclosure from us, consents in writing to the arrangement."The Code of Ethics resolves a situation like this—where a planner might receive a benefit from a planning action—by having the planner obtain approval from a client or employer. The choice of "Ask a staff member in another area of the village to handle the violations that you are reporting" is also incorrect because it assumes that the planner has the authority to assign work to other planners. The correct answer is: Go to the village manager and explain the violations and ask how they want it handled.

Answer 89

According to the APA’s Ethical Principles in Planning, “The planning process must continuously pursue and faithfully serve the public interest.”The correct answer is: The public interest

Answer 90

Interviewing for another job does not violate the AICP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct, nor is it illegal.The correct answer is: The Planning Director’s actions do not violate the AICP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct.

Answer 91

A Euclidean buffer measures the distance in a two-dimensional Cartesian plan—calculating straight line distances. This type of buffer works well when working at a city scale, and because this is a standard distance, from waterways, a buffer makes more sense. A geodesic buffer accounts for the curvature of the earth and would be used when the map projection is at a large regional scale or global scale. A polygon connects specific points. A vector data model is an overarching term that would cover buffering, overlays, distance measurement, and spatial statistics.The correct answer is: Euclidean buffer

Answer 92

New Orleans created the nation's first historic commission in 1924.The correct answer is: New Orleans

Answer 93

The correct answer is a factual statement about the benefits of planning. A factual statement about the benefits of planning is the first proof point, which backs up the key message, in the Message Pyramid. A startling statistic, an endorsement of planning from an allied group, and an amplification of the core statement are all examples of a second proof point in a Message Pyramid.The correct answer is: A factual statement about the benefits of planning.

Answer 94

Fiscal impact analysis is the best answer. The purpose of fiscal impact analysis is to estimate the impact of a development or a land use change or a plan on the costs and revenues of governmental units serving the development. Cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-benefit analysis usually refer to the evaluation of projects, policies, or programs. The term costs of community services (COCS) is a broader term that uses fiscal impact analysis to determine whether various forms of land use contribute to, or detract from, local government budgets.The correct answer is: Fiscal impact analysis

Answer 95

The correct answer is “Organize a series of focus groups to discuss how people get to campus now and how they would benefit or be negatively impacted by the proposal.” When asking public engagement questions, the answer at the highest level of public engagement, as defined by Sherry Arnstein’s “Ladder of Citizen Participation,” is usually the correct answer. Moreover, for a sensitive subject such as this, it would be important to understand the potential impacts and benefits. By speaking in small groups, ideas can be discussed and alternatives debated that can inform the plan’s creation.The correct answer is: Organize a series of focus groups to discuss how people get to campus now and how they would benefit or be negatively impacted by the proposal.

Answer 96

The correct answer is form-based zoning. Form-based zoning focuses on defining desired development patterns and allows the market to determine the use.The correct answer is: Form-based zoning

Answer 97

Future Search is a 2.5-day event designed to result in a common vision of the future. The event is organized into five tasks of approximately 3-4 hours each.The correct answer is: Creating a group cognitive overlay

Answer 98

The future value equation is FV = PV (1 + r)^n, where PV is current value ($300,000), r is the discount (or interest) rate, 0.10, and n is the number of years (4).So, the future value of $300,000 at this interest rate is $300,000 x (1.10)^4 = $300,000 x 1.464 = $439,200. The reverse, the present value of $500,000 four years from now, is $500,000/ 1.464 = $341,530.So, if you waited four years and spent $500,000, it would cost you $41,530 more in today’s equivalent value (at the discount rate of 10%) than if you spent $300,000 today.The correct answer is: You recommend to the City Council that they proceed with the addition now, because the future value of the funds would not exceed the expected cost of the addition in four years.

Answer 99

Two types of local governments are 1) general-purpose local government, which includes counties and townships, and 2) single-purpose, which includes school districts and fire districts.The correct answer is: General Purpose vs. Single Purpose

Answer 100

The General Fertility Rate is the number of live births per 1000 women between the ages of 15 and 44 years.The correct answer is: General Fertility Rate

Answer 101

Communities have both zoning and subdivision regulations to manage land use. Nuisance laws are not always about regulating land use, and restrictive covenants are private restrictions. State-level court systems can determine the legality of local laws, and therefore have some effect on the regulatory system, but are not the best answer to the question.The correct answer is: Zoning ordinances and subdivision regulations

Answer 102

The correct answer is groupware. Groupware includes a variety of electronic technologies that support virtual collaboration. These techniques use hardware, software, or internet technology to allow for sophisticated collaboration activities.The correct answer is: Groupware

Answer 103

The correct answer is a heat map. A heat map would illustrate the areas of the city where vacant housing is most concentrated. Because 5% is a relatively low number, it would be less impactful in a chart. A citywide map would not be at a scale small enough to show individual properties. A photomontage would help illustrate the issue, and could be used in combination with a heat map, but a heat map is the best answer here.The correct answer is: A heat map that shows the variation in concentrations of vacant housing across the city

Answer 104

An environmental indicator is a scientific measurement that tracks environmental conditions over time.The correct answer is: Environmental indicator

Answer 105

The key message comes first to provide a clear and consistent statement, followed by the two “proof layers” to back up and reinforce this statement. Bridging is a technique used by planners to reframe controversial issues.The correct answer is: Key Message → First Proof → Second Proof

Answer 106

All of these answers are an important part of the budgeting process. Budgeting is like a planning process: it must consider in long-term consequences.The correct answer is: All of these choices are correct

Answer 107

All of these are items to be discussed with the HR director; but initially, it would be best to start with a discussion of the classification scheme. This is about the kinds of employees you would have and the job titles they would have. Once you know the positions, you would then be better positioned to discuss recruitment, professional development, and performance assessment.The correct answer is: Classification Scheme

Answer 108

The planning commission cannot discuss any public hearing items in a private session.The correct answer is: Consultation with the City Attorney about commission procedures

Answer 109

A land capability analysis assesses the suitability of land for development.The correct answer is: land capability analysis

Answer 110

Common law, the constitution, and statutes are the commonly recognized sources of land use law in the United States. Zoning and subdivision regulations are enabled by state statutes.The correct answer is: Common law, the constitution, and statutes

Answer 111

The physical features are items that pertain to the land and environment, such as geology, hydrology, and microclimate. Land value is not a physical feature.The correct answer is: Land value

Answer 112

In the 1930s, large-scale federal aid programs were instituted to spur recovery from the Great Depression.The correct answer is: 1930s

Answer 113

It would be inappropriate to cut off outreach to the antagonistic news outlet.It is important to keep the media apprised of planning activities, even if planners detect bias. Regardless of how a planner or planning agency is treated, it is essential to remain professional. Planners should always show interest and willingness to meet with the media to ensure that they are not seen as uncooperative. Even if a publication has not shown interest in planning, they should not be excluded them the distribution list when there is communications outreach.The correct answer is: Discontinue outreach to the news agency.

Answer 114

The correct answer is “Relying solely on elected officials in decision making processes.”Elected officials are intended to represent the interests of their constituents, but this is a passive form of public engagement. The other responses listed in the answer represent active forms of public engagement. When answering questions about public engagement on the AICP Exam, always choose the answer corresponding the Sherry Arnstein’s “Ladder of Citizen Participation.” In this case, the question was seeking the answer that would be lowest on Arnstein’s Ladder, because it involves the lowest amount of participation by the public. (The League of United Latin American Citizens seeks to advance the economic condition, educational attainment, and civil rights of Hispanics in the United States.)The correct answer is: Relying solely on elected officials in decision making processes

Answer 115

All of these are methods that could be used to elicit participation. The mailer is the method that allows for the broadest contact with residents. It is likely that you would pursue a mix of methods to ensure broad awareness of the meeting.The correct answer is: Postcards mailed to residents

Answer 116

A mean is only appropriate for interval and ratio scale data. The values of nominal data just represent categories and in and of themselves are meaningless. The values given to the ranks for ordinal data similarly are not appropriate for computations.The correct answer is: 3 and 4

Answer 117

The Message Pyramid is a technique for communicating clearly to the public. The Message Pyramid involves delivering a concise key statement that creates an environment and belief system for the audience. This statement is followed by two pieces of evidence: one that supports the benefits of planning and one that amplifies the first using data or evidence.The correct answer is: A way of communicating a message to the public using a clear statement and evidence to support your statement.

Answer 118

The National Scenic Byway Program provides guidelines for preparing scenic corridor plans. The National Scenic Byways Program is part of the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Federal Highway Administration. Established in Title 23, Section 162 of the United States Code under the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 and reauthorized and expanded significantly in 1998 under The Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century and again under The Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users in 2005. However the program was not renewed again after 2005.The correct answer is: National Scenic Byway Program

Answer 119

The correct answer is a visual preference survey. A visual preference survey best determines aggregate resident preferences, especially around the physical look of the natural and built environments. A public hearing is best at the end of the planning process to allow for final thoughts, and brainstorming is best for determining goals at the beginning of the project rather than specific details. Mediation is best for identifying interests and priorities of opposing groups, rather than getting a sense for general resident preferences.The correct answer is: Visual preference survey

Answer 120

New Urbanism integrates all of the principles listed in the answers to this question, among others. Exam-takers should familiarize themselves with the various formal characteristics of New Urbanist design.The correct answer is: All of these could be part of a New Urbanism charrette.

Answer 121

The correct answer is nominal group technique. The nominal group technique enables all members of a group to meaningfully participate in brainstorming. The nominal group technique allows for periods of silent reflection, allowing for idea generation and individual sharing.The correct answer is: Nominal Group Technique

Answer 122

It would be best to provide notice to all properties within the prescribed radius.Although the letter of the law means that you only need to give notice to the properties in your jurisdiction, you should not assume that residents outside of your jurisdiction are unaffected, or that staff from the other jurisdiction should make a determination without involving the affected properties.The correct answer is: You should provide notice to all properties within the prescribed radius.

Answer 123

The null hypothesis is the commonly accepted fact; it is the opposite of the alternate hypothesis. Researchers work to reject, nullify, or disprove the null hypothesis. Researchers come up with an alternate hypothesis, one that they think explains a phenomenon, and then work to reject the null hypothesis.The correct answer is: A null hypothesis is a neutral statement that does not suggest the direction of the result.

Answer 124

Open meetings laws require that Planning Commission meetings be open to the public. While some differences in open meeting requirements might occur across jurisdictional boundaries, the important concept captured by this question is the requirement to conduct Planning Commission meetings in public.The correct answer is: ...Planning Commission meetings be open to the public.

Answer 125

All of these conditions must be met for the ordinance to be upheld as constitutional.The correct answer is: Yes

Answer 126

Oregon's Measure 37 requires a landowner to be compensated if a land regulation results in a devaluation of the property—if they were the owner at the time the regulation was put in place.The correct answer is: A landowner will be compensated if the land regulation results in a devaluation of the property—if they were the owner at the time the regulation was put in place.

Answer 127

Participatory rural appraisal is a group of techniques that allow for the provision and analysis of information by the public. Participatory rural appraisals are typically highly visual, including the creation of maps or picture cards.The correct answer is: Participatory Rural Appraisal

Answer 128

The correct answer is planning cell.Planning cells are "a deliberative method where randomly-selected, diverse participants collaborate on developing solutions to a given issue and report the resulting recommendations to the relevant decision-makers.” A planning cell allows citizens to learn about, assess and choose between multiple alternatives. Planning cells is a method for deliberation developed by Dr. Dienel, and is designed to be a "micro-parliament." In a planning cell, approximately 25 people from various backgrounds work together to develop a set of solutions to a problem delegated to the participants by a commissioning body. A coffee klatch is an informal gathering, preferably at a neighbor’s house. The correct answer is: Planning Cell

Answer 129

A prescriptive easement is typically obtained under principles of adverse possession, i.e., a prescriptive easement can be earned through the ongoing and regular use of an otherwise unused property. A prescriptive easement allows the right to use the property and does not allow the farmer to gain title to the land. An easement appurtenant allows access to your property, for example giving the right to use a neighbor’s driveway to access your property. A public utility easement is an easement in gross.The correct answer is: Prescriptive Easement

Answer 130

Citizens should be involved in the planning process as early as possible. higher levels of citizen participation, as defined by Sherry Arnstein’s “Ladder of Citizen Participation” should always be the preference when answering engagement questions on the AICP Exam. In this case, citizens should aid in setting the plan goals, which could be considered a process question that might factor into questions on the exam that don’t immediately jump out as communications and engagement questions.The correct answer is: Before the plan goals have been set

Answer 131

Th correct answer is to “Record the issues and suggested solutions as presented during the facilitation and group similar issues and solutions together.” The facilitator can introduce bias if the issues are specified by the facilitator, and potential solutions are best suggested by the participants rather than the facilitator. The role of the facilitator is to record the meeting and help group ideas together.The correct answer is: Record the issues and suggested solutions as presented during the facilitation and group similar issues and solutions together

Answer 132

The correct answer is “Emphasize the importance of bringing together regional stakeholders including public and private sectors.” The other answers emphasize the old model of regionalism.The correct answer is: Emphasize the importance of bringing together regional stakeholders including public and private sectors.

Answer 133

A social accounting matrix (SAM) is a framework for organizing statistical data about the economy. It considers household income, household expenditures, input-output of industries, trade, taxes, government expenditures, investments, and savings. A SAM is a tool for understanding economic actors and how policy changes could result in economic changes.The correct answer is: To understand the existing state of the economy and use this to analyze the likely effects of policy proposals.

Answer 134

Food policy councils typically avoid issues directly dealing with regulation, as these are managed by other organizations. Many states have food policy councils focused on education and policy. The correct answer is: I, III, and IV

Answer 135

The correct answer is that roads are typically sloped up to a half-inch per foot in order to provide positive drainage. The typical slope is enough to ensure that the road does not collect water on its surface, which could present a significant chance for cars to hydroplane. One inch per foot of slope is more than is typically needed and would mean that the edges of the road would be one foot below its center, if a road is 24 feet wide.The correct answer is: Roads are typically sloped one inch per foot or higher to ensure proper drainage.

Answer 136

While all of the answers are potentially correct, street furniture creates the most value for the most users, including people with disabilities and of varying ages and fitness levels. Street furniture includes benches, planting, trash receptacles, and physical elements that improve the pedestrian experience.The correct answer is: Street furniture

Answer 137

The correct answer is to explain how public streets work and that anyone can park on-street while also explaining how car sharing works.Public streets are public and open to on-street parking. One key issue: people share cars to get to a destination. On a residential street, the destination would be a specific house. The correct answer is: Explain how public streets work and that anyone can park on-street. Also explain that car sharing works by people taking cars to destinations and it is likely neighbors parking on street.

Answer 138

Whether social media posts are considered public record is a matter of state and local regulations around noticing and records retention. You should consult these regulations if you are concerned about whether a social media post is an appropriate place to post the video of a recent City Council meeting.The correct answer is: Unclear: consult state and local regulations to determine if social media posts are considered public record.

Answer 139

Only “A third party with no direct stake in the outcome facilitates the discussion” is true of both mediation and facilitation. “The facilitator is often a trusted community member” is specific to facilitation. “Used to help resolve conflict outside of court” and “Has multiple stages” are specific to mediation.The correct answer is: A third party with no direct stake in the outcome facilitates the discussion.

Answer 140

The correct answer is traffic analysis zones. Traffic analysis zones are geographic units that divide a region into similar areas of land use.The correct answer is: Traffic Analysis Zones

Answer 141

An urban growth boundary is the only answer that directly addresses the cause of the fiscal crisis, though the other answers are likely to be proposed by members of the public and elected officials. Down zoning would likely contribute to the problem by discouraging infill development and forcing more development to the periphery.An urban growth boundary is a regional boundary that limits sprawl by mandating that the area inside the boundary be used for higher density urban development and the area outside be used for low density development, such as agriculture. The correct answer is: Urban growth boundary

Answer 142

Based on the Quick Response Urban Travel Estimation Techniques and Transferable Parameters, assisted living facilities would have the lowest number of average vehicle trips per unit.The correct answer is: Assisted Living Facility

Answer 143

Vernacular architecture refers to architecture built from locally available materials.The correct answer is: Vernacular

Answer 144

A visual preference survey best determines aggregate resident preferences, especially around the physical look of the natural and built environments. A public hearing is best at the end of the planning process to allow for final thoughts, while brainstorming is best for determining goals at the beginning of the project, rather than deciding on specific details. Mediation is best for identifying interests and priorities of opposing groups, rather than getting a sense for general public preferences.The correct answer is: Visual preference survey

Answer 145

Congestion can be measured by a volume-to-capacity ratio (V/C Ratio). A V/C Ratio of greater than 1.0 indicates severe congestion.The correct answer is: Congested traffic flow

Answer 146

A 1/2 is a typical standard for measuring the walkability of a transit-oriented development. Pedestrians will typically walk up to half a mile to reach transit or destinations, although that distance can depend on road conditions and the state of pedestrian infrastructure on the route.The correct answer is: 1/2 mile

P Exam 1 Flashcards

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