H 2016 Flashcards

Question

(25) According to the ITE's "Parking Generation", which of the following has a peak parking space factor of 0.10 - 0.75 parking spaces per employee? A) Industrial B) Restaurant C) Movie theater D) Office and medical centers

Answer 1

The correct answer is “D” A medical center has a peak parking space factor of 0.10 - 0.75 parking spaces per employee. Source: "2014-2015 Chapter Presidents Council Study Manual for the AICP Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents’ Council American Planning Association, page 155.

Answer 2

The correct answer is “D” Grayfields are urban/suburban properties that have been previously developed, and have infrastructure in place. They may consist of sites such as derelict shopping centers or “dead” malls, typically without complicating environmental concerns for their redevelopment. http://www.greyfields.com/center.php http://www.atlantaregional.com/File%20Library/Local%20Gov%20Services/gs_cct_grey fieldtool_1109.pdf

Answer 3

The correct answer is “B” Floor Area Ratio (FAR) = building area/lot area = 10,000 sf/10,000 sf = 1.0, equal to placing four floors of a building on ¼ of the site. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_area_ratio

Answer 4

The answer is “C”. Employees are typically more satisfied when performing work that matches their skills and interests and when there is an opportunity for future advancement through diligent service.

Answer 5

The correct answer is “B”. Aaron Wildavsky was an American political scientist known for his pioneering work in public policy, government budgeting, and risk management, and is usually associated with this summarized statement of what constitutes a budget. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Wildavsky

Answer 6

The correct answer is “A” The 1937 U.S. Housing Act (Wagner-Steagall) set the stage for future government aid by appropriating $500 million in loans for low-cost housing, and tied slum clearance to public housing. Note, however, that it is often the 1949 Housing Act that may come up on the actual exam regarding its “providing federal financing for slum clearance programs associated with urban renewal projects in American cities” (compared against the 1954 Housing Act that had provisions related to slum prevention). The best bet is to have a clear understanding of how the various Housing Acts differed – i.e. 1934 (FHA, FSLIC), 1937, 1949, 1954 (Section 701), 1968 (Fair Housing), 1974 (CBDG). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_Act_of_1937 http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/United_States_National_Housing_Act_of_1937#Sec._9._L oans_for_Low-Rent-Housing_and_Slum-Clearance_Projects https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_Act_of_1949

Answer 7

The correct answer is “D” The term relates to a level of "consensus", where policy options are accepted short of 100 percent agreement. This type of consensus can be used in meeting facilitation and in the formulation of "alternatives" in long-range planning programs. The word satisfice was coined by Nobel prize winner Herbert Simon. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satisficing

Answer 8

The answer is (C) Cost revenue analysis focuses exclusively on the costs and revenues associated with a specific form of growth. The result of such an analysis is a statement of net governmental surplus or deficit expressed in purely financial terms. 2014-2015 Chapter Presidents Council Study Manual for the AICP Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents’ Council American Planning Association, page 161.

Answer 9

The correct answer is “A” Federal grants-in-aid to begin local planning began with Section 701 of the Housing Act of 1954. Section 701 established the first federal matching funds for local comprehensive plans (but only for communities of less than 25,000 people). Section 701 plans were to be coordinated by state planning offices. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01944368508976208#preview http://planningpa.org/wp-content/uploads/career_aicp_pdc_study.pdf (p. 102)

Answer 10

The correct answer is “C”. Forty-four states have since enacted legislation restricting eminent domain. Opposition to the ruling was widespread. On June 23, 2006, the first anniversary of the original decision, President George W. Bush issued an executive order instructing the federal government to restrict the use of eminent domain. Since eminent domain is most often exercised by local and state governments, the presidential order has had little overall effect. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelo_v._City_of_New_London

Answer 11

The correct answer is C) The Latin maxim that one land owner may not use his land in such a way as to interfere with his neighbor's use is a basic underpinning of the law of nuisance. A land owner is under a duty not to interfere with his neighbor's use and enjoyment of his land. The reverse is also true: his neighbor is similarly obligated. Common law principles of nuisance were used by individuals on a case-by-case basis to restrict injurious land use practices since the late 1600's. An obvious problem with relying on nuisance principles to control land use activities was (and remains) the fact that an activity can rarely be declared a nuisance prospectively. This limitation, coupled with the problems associated with adjudicating every nuisance one by one, led, eventually, to modern forms of land use control in the United States. Suggested reading: "Land Use Law," Mandelker, D., Lexis Law Publishing, 4th edition, 1997.

Answer 12

The correct answer is “C” Land use maps generally use different colors to represent different land use functions. Typical colors for land uses (by function) include: * Yellows for residential uses such as single-family and town houses. * Reds for retail and commercial uses * Purples for industrial uses * Blues for institutional and public facilities * Greens for recreational uses * Grays for industrial utilities See http://www.planning.org/lbcs/standards/pdf/InOneFile.pdf

Answer 13

The correct answer is “C” Nevada was the fastest-growing state between 2000 and 2010, growing by 35.1 percent. Between 2000 and 2010, Texas experienced the highest numeric increase, up by 4.3 million people. 2010 Census Briefs. Population Distribution and Change: 2000 to 2010 https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-01.pdf

Answer 14

The correct answer is “B” The United States Supreme Court did not uphold a modern, “comprehensive” zoning ordinance in its entirety until the 1926 case Village of Euclid v. Ambler Reality Co. The court had apparently decided to strike down Euclid’s ordinance when Alfred Bettman filed an amicus curiae brief on behalf of the Ohio Planning Conference. Bettman’s brief apparently changed the court’s mind. Bettman also prepared the Cincinnati Plan, the country’s first approved municipal comprehensive plan; was the 1st ASPO President; and worked on the SSZEA (Standard State Zoning Enabling Act) for Herbert Hoover. Edward Bassett is considered the “Father of Zoning” and worked on the first municipal comprehensive zoning ordinance for the City of New York.

Answer 15

The correct answer is “B”.

Answer 16

The correct answer is “D” In 1965, the housing and urban policy agency achieved cabinet status when the Housing and Home Finance Agency was succeeded by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Robert Weaver was HUD's first Secretary and first AfricanAmerican cabinet member. Earlier, as a young man, Weaver had been one of 45 prominent African Americans appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to his “Black Cabinet”, acting as an informal adviser to Roosevelt as well as directing federal programs during the New Deal. Under President Kennedy, he was the administrator for the Housing and Home Finance Administration (HHFA) that became HUD in 1965 under President Johnson. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_C._Weaver

Answer 17

The correct answer is D) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incrementalism http://teachingassistant.com/uploads/2/budgeting/muddlingthrough.pdf

Answer 18

The correct answer is “C” The garden city movement is a method of urban planning that was initiated in 1898 by Sir Ebenezer Howard in the United Kingdom. Garden cities were intended to be planned, self-contained communities surrounded by "greenbelts" (parks), containing proportionate areas of residences, industry and agriculture. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_city_movement http://www.library.cornell.edu/Reps/DOCS/howard.htm

Answer 19

The correct answer is “A” Building permits and electric meters are both examples of symptomatic methods to estimate current population, not forecast future population. The cohort survival method ages population, estimates the number of births and deaths, and projects a future population. This method is made more accurate by including in and out migration. It is important that you are able to distinguish between estimating current population (i.e. “an estimate”) and forecasting future population (i.e. “a projection”). See: Population Estimates and Projections in "2014-2015 Chapter Presidents Council Study Manual for the AICP Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents’ Council American Planning Association, pages 170 - 177.

Answer 20

The correct answer is “A” An urban growth boundary, like Miami-Dade County’s Urban Development Boundary (UDB), is generally limited by location and timing (i.e. Time & Place). For example, the Miami-Dade UDB places geographical limits on certain types of urban development, and restricts the provision of infrastructure outside the boundary by time.

Answer 21

The correct answer is “A” A scale always has the same units of measure when using the scale. A map scale of 1:2,400 scale would mean 1" represents 2,400" on the map, or that is equal to 1 inch (") represents 200 feet (') on the map (i.e. 2,400"/12 inches per foot = 200')

Answer 22

The correct answer is D) The LWCF program required states to prepare statewide comprehensive outdoor recreation plans, referred to as SCORPs. Although the LWCF program has suffered serious financial cutbacks, SCORPs are still used by many states to guide local government outdoor and open space recreation plans

Answer 23

The correct answer is “C”. The American Housing Act of 1949 was a landmark, sweeping expansion of the federal role in mortgage insurance and issuance and the construction of public housing. The main elements of the Act included providing federal financing for slum clearance programs, increasing authorization for the FHA mortgage insurance, extending federal money to build more than 800,000 public housing units, and permitting the FHA to provide financing for rural homeowners. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_Act_of_1949

Answer 24

The correct answer is “C” In 1966, the Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act launched the "model cities" program, an interdisciplinary attack on urban blight and poverty. It was a centerpiece of President Lyndon Johnson's "Great Society" program. The ambitious federal urban aid program succeeded in fostering a new generation of mostly black urban leaders. The program's initial goals emphasized comprehensive planning, involving not just rebuilding but also rehabilitation, social service delivery, and citizen participation. The Act was designed to rebuild entire urban areas by combining new innovations in the participating communities through the use of the wide array of existing federal and local programs for a coordinated attack on blight. To qualify for aid, areas had to be considered substandard under federal guidelines, with historic preservation, planning and restoration being considered an integral part of the program. The Model Cities program was ended in 1974 under the Nixon administration. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_Cities_Program

Answer 25

The correct answer is (D) A Neighborhood plan focuses on a specific geographic area of a local jurisdiction involving residential, commercial and institutional uses such as schools and parks. While a Neighborhood Plan may address similar topics as a Comprehensive Plan (General Plan), it will usually address land use issues in a more detailed manner for a more localized area, often with shorter timeframes than a comprehensive plan, much more like Sector Plans (Florida) or Specific Plans (California). See “Neighborhood Plans” in APA’s Planning and Urban Design Standards (2006); page 16. CA Specific Plan - http://ceres.ca.gov/planning/specific/part1.html#part1_anchor FL Sector Plan - http://www.floridajobs.org/community-planning-anddevelopment/programs/technical-assistance/planning-initiatives/rural-planning/sectorplanning-program ALSO: https://www.lawrenceks.org/assets/agendas/cc/2012/09-18-12/pl_cpa-4-2- 12_chapter_14.pdf

Answer 26

The correct answer is “C” Jean Gottmann used the expression, “megalopolis”, in 1957 when referring to the extended urban region that appears to form a single huge metropolitan area along the eastern seaboard of the U.S. extending from Boston through New York City; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Baltimore, Maryland and ending in Washington, D.C. The term had been earlier used by Oswald Spengler in his 1918 book, The Decline of the West, and by Lewis Mumford in his 1938 book, The Culture of Cities, which described it as the first stage in urban overdevelopment and social decline. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalopolis_(city_type) http://geography.about.com/cs/urbansprawl/a/megalopolis.htm

Answer 27

The correct answer is “B” Small towns typically have a medium density.

Answer 28

The answer is (A) Contributing to global unsustainability are the following: * OVERCONSUMPTION (Current consumption exceeds earth’s carrying capacity by ~30%) * POPULATION GROWTH (U.S. population will double in 60 years) * DEPENDENCE UPON NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES (Oil, coal, many mined resources) * POLLUTION (70,000 chemical compounds accumulating in ecosphere) * ENVIRONMENTALLY & SOCIALLY DESTRUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS (e.g. suburbs) * INEQUITIES IN RESOURCE DISTRIBUTION (78:1 disparity in world’s richest to poorest 20%) * LIMITED PUBLIC PARTICIPATION (disenfranchised from political & economic decision-making) See 2000 APA Policy Guide on Planning for Sustainability https://www.planning.org/policy/guides/adopted/sustainability.htm

Answer 29

The correct answer is (B) A standard United States Geological Survey (USGS) quadrangle maps are those of the 7.5-minute by 7.5 minute, 1:24,000-scale quadrangle series. At a scale of 1:24,000, one inch on a USGS quad represents 24,000 inches or 2,000 feet. A 2-inch by 3-inch square would be 4,000 feet on one side and 6,000 feet on the other side and include an area of 24 million square feet, equal to 550.96 acres (43,560 sq. feet/acre), or less than one section (i.e. 640 acres).

Answer 30

The correct answer is “B” ASPO was established in 1934; Alfred Bettman was elected its first president. On October 1, 1978, the American Planning Association emerged from the consolidation of the American Institute of Planners and the American Society of Planning Officials.

Answer 31

The correct answer is “B” Some of the deficiencies of the City Beautiful Movement are that it catered to an upper class, its beautification and adornment had limited practicality, and public investment was needed for its parks and boulevards, and this was not always available to cities. https://www.msu.edu/course/iss/310/snapshot.afs/machemer/ss04/city_beaut.shtml

Answer 32

The correct answer is “B”. A manager is not obligated and it would not normally be good practice to relay information to non-management, journeyman, or line staff received in senior staff meetings.

Answer 33

The correct answer is “D” In 1901, the New York State Tenement House Law (“New Law”) was created. The legislative basis for the revision of city codes that outlawed tenements such as the "Dumbbell Tenement” allowed under previous law (“Old Law”). The failures of the “Old Law” – the “Dumbbell” air shafts developed to meet the minimum intent of the Act proved to be unsanitary as they filled with garbage, bilge water and waste – led to the 1901 "New Law" and its required courtyard designed for garbage removal. The “New Law” also required running water and toilets in every apartment and a window in every room. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenement http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_State_Tenement_House_Act

Answer 34

The correct answer is “B” A manufactured house is a house built in conformity with the provisions of the federal HUD Code. Mobile homes are those built prior to the adoption of the HUD Code. Since 1976, HUD has regulated manufactured homes under the Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards, which are commonly referred to as the HUD Code. At the time, these housing units were called "mobile homes," but in 1980 this designation was changed to "manufactured home" in recognition of the more durable and less mobile nature of these homes. According to the Census, in 2013 approximately 30% of all new manufactured housing was being located within manufactured housing communities, with 70% being located outside such communities, on private property. APA Policy Guide on Factory Built Housing https://www.census.gov/construction/mhs/xls/char13.xls

Answer 35

The correct answer is “A“ Staying informed about new technology is typically the responsibility of other staff, such as the IT staff.

Answer 36

The correct answer is “C“ A real estate "pro forma," or financial statement, is a tool that is used to communicate all the relevant information about a real estate development project. It balances the costs of a project against the flow of income which the project will produce.

Answer 37

The correct answer is “B”. Although answer “D” could also be correct, the urgent need for housing, and especially affordable housing, would provide the Council with the best reason for approving the land use change.

Answer 38

The correct answer is “B”.

Answer 39

The correct answer is “B” Here, the first appropriate step would be to review and check your state’s enabling legislation to ensure you have your community has the legal authority to adopt impact fee and zoning ordinances of the type. Subsequent steps might involve discussions with the city manager, followed by discussion with your planners and ultimately directing the preparation of a draft version for review

Answer 40

The correct answer is (D)

Answer 41

The correct answer is “D” The Housing Act of 1954 stressed slum prevention and urban renewal rather than slum clearance and urban redevelopment as in the 1949 Act. It also stimulated general planning for cities under 25,000 population by providing funds under Section 701 of the Act. "701 funding" was later extended by legislative amendments to foster statewide, interstate, and substate regional planning. http://planningpa.org/wp-content/uploads/career_aicp_pdc_study.pdf (pp. 95, 102)

Answer 42

The correct answer is (D) Street connectivity can be defined as the quantity and quality of connections in the street network. A traditional rectilinear street grid provides relatively direct connections and multiple routes and thus has high connectivity. A “Connectivity Index” is the ratio of the number of links to the number of nodes in the network (i.e. Links/Nodes). Links are street segments, while nodes are intersections. A higher connectivity index reflects a greater number of street segments entering each intersection and thus a higher level of connectivity for the network. Minimum standards for connectivity indexes typically fall into the range of 1.2 to 1.4. See “Connectivity Index” in APA’s Planning and Urban Design Standards (2006); p. 231 http://books.google.com/books?id=NXpncFYj73QC&pg=PA156&lpg=PA156&dq=APA +planning+connectivity+index&source=bl&ots=L3aQf_LTbR&sig=UkDgkZBDCXVQ NLB6OpRt9q1nAPo&hl=en&sa=X&ei=j62cU_vEDOjI8wGdsoDwCg&ved=0CB0Q6A EwAA#v=onepage&q=APA%20planning%20connectivity%20index&f=false http://documents.atlantaregional.com/transportation/tp_SRTP_Toolkit_Connectivity.pdf

Answer 43

The correct answer is “C” The City Humane Movement occurred during the 1930’s and is associated with the Great Depression and concentrated on social and economic issues and ways of alleviating the problems of unemployment, poverty, and urban plight. The Garden City Movement began with Ebenezer Howard’s classic work, Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform, which was published in 1898, later republished in 1902, Garden Cities of Tomorrow. A reaction to industrialization and poor living conditions in cities, this movement was predicated on the inherent immorality of the city, a return to the country village, and the sacredness of nature. A Danish-born police reporter with a knack of publicity and an abiding Christian faith, Jacob Riis won international recognition for his 1890 bestseller, “How the Other Half Lives,” which exposed the desperate and squalid conditions of New York City’s tenement slums and gave momentum to a Sanitary Reform Movement that started in the 1840s and culminated in New York State’s landmark Tenement House Act of 1901. Emphasizing design and aesthetics, the City Beautiful Movement emerged from the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago. The Exposition provided a prominent American example of a great group of buildings designed in relation to each other and in relation to open spaces. Contributions of the movement included: a revival of city planning and its establishment as a permanent part of local government, an emphasis on physical site planning, the professional consultant role, and the establishment of quasi-independent planning commissions composed of citizens. http://www.azdema.gov/MIF%20Website%20Files/smartgrowth/pdf/p&zchapter2.pdf http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/r/jacob_riis/index.html

Answer 44

The correct answer is “C” Trust lands are exempt from state and local regulations, but, because they are considered federal government land, they are required to conform to all federal laws, including the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).

Answer 45

The correct answer is “A” A food desert is any area in the industrialized world where healthy, affordable food is difficult to obtain. Food deserts are prevalent in rural as well as urban areas and are most prevalent in low-socioeconomic minority communities. They are associated with a variety of diet-related health problems. Food deserts are also linked with supermarket shortage. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_desert

Answer 46

The correct answer is “A” Land use maps generally use different colors to represent different land use functions. Typical colors for land uses (by function) include: * Yellows for residential uses such as single-family and town houses. * Reds for retail and commercial uses * Purples for industrial uses * Blues for institutional and public facilities * Greens for recreational uses * Grays for industrial utilities See http://www.planning.org/lbcs/standards/pdf/InOneFile.pdf

Answer 47

The correct answer is “D” Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZ) are geographic units that divide a planning region into similar areas of land use. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_analysis_zone

Answer 48

The correct answer is “C” http://pages.uoregon.edu/rgp/PPPM613/class10theory.htm

Answer 49

The correct answer is “C” Accessory dwelling units (ADUs) are small, self-contained living units that typically have their own kitchen, bedroom(s), and bathroom space. Often called granny flats, elder cottage housing opportunities (ECHO), mother-daughter residences, or secondary dwelling units, ADUs are apartments that can be located within the walls of an existing or newly constructed single-family home or can be an addition to an existing home. Sometimes this is by right in a particular zoning code; in others, it is a conditional (discretionary) allowed use. http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=%22accessory%20dwelling%20unit%22%20 apa&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CC4QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.plan ning.org%2Fpas%2Fquicknotes%2Fpdf%2FQN19.pdf&ei=86twUZmkNYSK9QSN6IH4 Aw&usg=AFQjCNE-9ap7q3xq3HDwKSouIvI9udMrNQ&bvm=bv.45373924,d.eWU

Answer 50

The correct answer is “B”

Answer 51

The correct answer is (A) The general principles of new urbanism center on Walkability, Connectivity, Mixed-Use & Diversity, Mixed Housing, Quality Architecture & Urban Design, Traditional Neighborhood Structure, Increased Density, Green Transportation, Sustainability, and Quality of Life. New urbanism supports connectivity, walkability and a preference for grid street layouts over cul-de-sacs. http://www.mouvment.com/2011/04/new-urbanists-attack-the-cul-de-sac/ See also the Charter of the New Urbanism principles - http://www.cnu.org/charter

Answer 52

The correct answer is “B” Impact fees are usually paid on a per unit residential basis at the time of building permit or certificate of occupancy issuance. Traditional exactions in planning have been typically required for an entire project (i.e. multiple dwelling units) and are sometimes in the form of land or easements rather than money like impact fees. Moreover, it must be recognized that some legal discussions now view long-standing impact fees as a type of traditional exaction. https://www.law.ufl.edu/_pdf/academics/centers-clinics/clinics/conservation/resources/exactions.pdf

Answer 53

The correct answer is “D” Amortization is the practice of allowing a preexisting land use or structure that does not comply with newly adopted regulations to remain in place for a set period.

Answer 54

The correct answer is B) A sale at fair market value is the sale of property at the price a knowledgeable buyer would pay for the land. If the land is sold at full value and has appreciated in value since its purchase, the seller will be liable for income tax on the capital gain. There are no charitable deductions or other tax breaks associated with a sale at full value. Bargain sale is part donation and part sale. It may entitle the seller to an income tax deduction for a charitable contribution and to a reduction in capital gains tax. An installment sale allows an agency or organization to purchase property over a period of years. The seller benefits financially by spreading the income and the taxable gains over several years. A donation or outright gift affords the donor tax benefits in the form of federal income tax deductions, potential estate tax benefits, and relief from property taxes.

Answer 55

The correct answer is “A” http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~ilmaga/landmaps/range_map.html http://www.geo.hunter.cuny.edu/~jochen/GTECH201/Lectures/Lec6concepts/Map%20co ordinate%20systems/Public%20Land%20Survey.htm

Answer 56

The correct answer is A) Garreau's 1991 book "Edge City" chronicles the transition in urban growth from the historic development of "down town" to suburban expansion to what he labels as the "new frontier" of urban life. In 1991, Garreau established five rules for a place to be considered an edge city: * Has five million or more square feet (465,000 m²) of leasable office space. * Has 600,000 square feet (56,000 m²) or more of leasable retail space. * Has more jobs than bedrooms. * Is perceived by the population as one place. * Was nothing like a "city" as recently as 30 years ago. Then it was just bedrooms, if not cow pastures https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge_city

Answer 57

The correct answer is D) The regional planning agency’s temporary moratorium on development during the process of devising a comprehensive land-use plan did not constitute a per se taking of property requiring compensation under the Takings clause because there is no categorical rule that provides that when a property owner is deprived of all viable uses of property, regardless of how brief that deprivation, a regulatory taking occurs.

Answer 58

The correct answer is “C” Answer “C” is the BEST option for you to follow. The Planning Commission asked a good question and you should involve as many people and as a diverse group of people when making a planning recommendation. One way I think about these types of public participation questions is that your aspirational role as a planner is to try and be as far up the “Ladder of Citizen Participation” as possible. The more citizen involvement, or empowerment, that is possible in a public decision, the better. See: http://lithgow-schmidt.dk/sherry-arnstein/ladder-of-citizen-participation.html

Answer 59

The correct answer is B) Many firms will perform deed research, and, combined with an aerial photography flyover, redraw tax maps. While this undertaking is not inexpensive, it can be done in a reasonable amount of time and the cost of the project should be recouped in a few years through increased tax revenues, depending on the level of error in the original tax maps. A lot-by-lot survey, arguably the most accurate method to recalculate lot sizes, would be very time consuming and expensive. Recalculation of lot sizes, the least expensive of the three methods, may catch original errors in calculations but will not catch the dimension errors that may be inherent in the existing tax maps

Answer 60

The correct answer is “A” Bartending is not related to the field of planning. According to the AICP Ethics Code, in Section B.4. - - ”We shall not, as salaried employees, undertake other employment in planning or a related profession, whether or not for pay, without having made full written disclosure to the employer who furnishes our salary and having received subsequent written permission to undertake additional employment, unless our employer has a written policy which expressly dispenses with a need to obtain such consent.”

Answer 61

The correct answer is “B”. All the answers are true. The central issue though is a legal one -- providing the legal foundation for enforcement. The second most important goal would be to provide developers with guidelines to reduce or eliminate the need for enforcement.

Answer 62

The correct answer is “D” California enacted a parking cash-out requirement in 1992. The law requires many employers to offer a parking cash-out program: “Parking cash-out program” means an employer-funded program, under which an employer offers to provide a cash allowance to an employee equivalent to the parking subsidy that the employer would otherwise pay to provide the employee with a parking space. According to Donald Shoup: “Perhaps the best way to explain parking cash out is to explain how it works and what it does. Parking cash out (1) gives commuters a new choice, (2) rewards the alternatives to solo driving, (3) reduces vehicle trips, (4) treats all commuters equally, (5) costs employers very little, (6) strengthens the city center, (7) converts economic waste into public revenue, (8) sidesteps employees’ opposition to charging for parking, and (9) is not a tax on parking.” http://shoup.bol.ucla.edu/Parking%20Cash%20Out%20Report.pdf

Answer 63

The correct answer is “A” The cornice is the uppermost section of moldings along the top of a wall or just below a roof. The practical purpose of a cornice is to seal the joint between wall and roof against weather penetration. In traditional facades however, cornices contain architectural detail that make them important design elements in a building. Decorative cornices contribute significantly to a building’s facade, and are frequently a desired design element found in municipal design guidelines. Other design elements shown are: (b) Bulkhead - The space between the ground or sidewalk and a storefront window (c) Window Hood - An architectural detail placed above a window, used as an accent. (d) Display Window - A large window in a commercial storefront used to display merchandise and to provide views into the store SEE: http://www.riponmainst.com/riponmainst/Design%20Guidelines.htm

Answer 64

The correct answer is “C” FAR = Floor Area Ratio = building area/lot area = 87,350 sf/62,390 sf = 1.4 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_area_ratio

Answer 65

The correct answer is “C” Of the options provided, the most appropriate course of action is to gather any further information about the situation, and if still convinced the action was unethical, file a charge of misconduct with the Ethics Officer. The other provided options are generally not viable options to undertake. However, two caveats. First, it would usually be wise to undertake an option not provided here – discuss (either informally or formally) the situation with the Ethics Officer before deciding whether to file a charge of misconduct. Second, if the reasons are actually unclear why your boss undertook the specific unethical action, it may be appropriate to further (and better) understand the rationale behind his action, and this might involve some general discussion on the action’s background, without discussing the potential unethical aspects of the situation. If you’re going to discuss the ethical issue with other AICP planners, have that discussion with impartial, outside colleagues, but realize they cannot provide the type of informal/formal advice the Ethics Officer is established to address regarding the Code’s application.

Answer 66

The correct answer is “A” Prior to undertaking the development of the CIP, the government entity will want to define the criteria for what kind of projects or equipment are to be included and organize a process for developing the plan. A local government will need to forecast where it believes it will face future demands and growth, which will involve an inventory of existing facilities, infrastructure and equipment (i.e. inventory of existing capital stock). The general steps in developing a CIP include: Specific Steps 1. Establish a Capital Planning Committee with Bylaws 2. Take Inventory of Existing Capital Assets 3. Evaluate Previously Approved, Unimplemented or Incomplete Projects 4. Assess Financial Capacity 5. Solicit, Compile and Evaluate New Project Requests 6. Prioritize Projects 7. Develop a Financing Plan 8. Adopt a Capital Improvements Program 9. Monitor and Manage Approved Projects within the CIP 10. Update Existing/Ongoing Capital Programs https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_Improvement_Plan

Answer 67

The correct answer is “A” Local governments are concerned with land use planning and zoning. Regional agencies are involved with planning issues that go beyond individual jurisdictional boundaries

Answer 68

The correct answer is “C” Riverside, Illinois has been considered the best example of Olmsted's idea of how suburbs should look. Belle Isle was also a Planned Community by Olmsted. Riverside is a 1,600 acre community along the Des Plaines River west of Chicago, Illinois. Olmsted and Vaux took 2 years planning Riverside, beginning in 1868. The idea was to secure enough space for recreation and to make sure that there were scenic areas available to all residents. To accomplish this, he preserved the floodplain and the river banks as well as two open areas of upland. The first act of construction was a shaded parkway to connect Riverside to Chicago. Also, Olmsted paid attention to the inner roads of the community making them as scenic as possible. He designed streets that followed the curve of the land and eased the grade of the slopes to fit his plans. He also avoided all uses of right angle intersections to create more public space, which was pleasing to him. He also decided that the areas between public streets and houses were private land with a public function and formed a transitional area between public and private areas. In the end, only 1000 acres of the land was developed, which meant the loss of one of the large open spaces that was envisioned. http://fredericklawolmsted.com/

Answer 69

The correct answer is (C) A local government may establish a time frame within which a regulated nonconforming use, such as an adult use, must cease. This is known as an “amortization”. The basis for doing so is to allow the property owner an opportunity to recover his economic investment before being required to cease the nonconformity. This approach has been used for many different types of uses, such as gas stations in residentially zoned areas, adult entertainment facilities, junk yards, concrete plants, commercial uses, and billboards. The length of the amortization period is based frequently upon the economic life of the nonconformity. SEE: See APA’s Nonconformities; “Zoning Practice” (2009 November)

Answer 70

The correct answer is “D” Doing population projections by graphing historical data is a technique long practiced by planners. The most common is a method in which a line is fitted to point data in such a way that the distance from the points is minimized. The line is then extended (extrapolated) into the future until the target year is reached. A straight line extension on arithmetic graph paper assumes that the same number of people will be added to the population each year, while a straight line extension on semi log graph paper means that the rate of change will stay the same (the absolute number increases every year). Graphic techniques are essentially mindless in that past trends are extended into the future without good reason. They do, however, provide reasonable estimates for whole communities, particularly when the target year is 10 years or less in the future. Extrapolation techniques are usually not effective when looking at sub areas. Source: "2014-2015 Chapter Presidents Council Study Manual for the AICP Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents’ Council American Planning Association, " Population Estimates and Projections" by Barbara Becker, page 174.

Answer 71

The correct answer is “B” Tax increment financing (TIF) is a public financing method that is used as a subsidy for redevelopment, infrastructure, and other community-improvement projects in many countries, including the United States. Through the use of TIF, municipalities typically divert future property tax revenue increases from a defined area or district toward an economic development project or public improvement project in the community, most often to a created community redevelopment agency (CRA) to help pay for bonds to up front provide for infrastructure improvements within the CRA. TIF subsidies are not appropriated directly from a city's budget, but the city temporarily incurs loss through foregone tax revenue, which may come become a local issue if needed services are not able to be provided (e.g. outside of the CRA area road needs). The borrowing capacity is established by committing all normal yearly future real estate tax increases from every parcel in the TIF district (for 20–25 years, or more) along with the anticipated new tax revenue eventually coming from the project or projects themselves. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_increment_financing http://frontporchstapleton.com/article/blighted-land-6-9-billion-development-25-years-stapleton-taxes-pay/

Answer 72

The correct answer is C) Appeals from local zoning decisions are usually filed with the state court of competent jurisdiction.

Answer 73

The correct answer is “C” Each lot’s width is 54.45 feet [(43,560 sf parcel / 200 feet depth per lot) / 4 lots = 54.45 feet width per lot)]. The one acre parcel (43,560 sf) is 200 feet deep by 217.8 feet wide.

Answer 74

The correct answer is “C” Although answer “A” is considered correct, answer “C” is the BEST answer, because not only does it show that you are looking at the long term consequences of the development and the stormwater issue, but that you are also willing to work with the engineer to come up with alternate solutions, or at the very least, see if the pond can handle both developments because it is not your area of expertise.

Answer 75

The correct answer is C) Environmental justice is defined by two key federal actions. First, Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act prohibits intentional discrimination on the grounds of race, color, or national origin under any program receiving federal financial assistance. Second, in 1994, President Clinton signed an Executive Order that directed all federal agencies to ensure that their policies and practices do not have disproportionate adverse environmental or health impacts on low-income or minority communities. As a planner directed to investigate issues of airport expansion, and assuming the airport will rely, at least in part, on federal financial assistance, you should investigate whether the runway construction will violate either the spirit or intent of both federal actions discussed above. Suggested reading: "Environmental Justice: A Research Guide", K. Lyskowski, NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund, Spring, 1994.

Answer 76

The correct answer is “B” To determine the location and size of a property in this method, start at the end and work backward to the beginning reading from right to left. For the size, the SE1/4 of a typical Section is 640 acres divided by 4 which is 160 acres. The NW1/4 of the quarter section contains 160 acres divided by 4 which is 40 acres, and the S1/2 of the quarter is 40 acres divided by 2, which of course is 20. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Land_Survey_System

Answer 77

The correct answer is “A” Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon was a 1922 Supreme Court case dealing with whether a regulatory act constitutes a taking requiring compensation depends on the extent of diminution in the value of the property. The other three cases are more recent 2005 takings cases. Lingle v. Chevron U.S.A. Inc. (2005), was a landmark case in United States regulatory takings law whereby the Court expressly overruled precedent created in Agins v. City of Tiburon (1980) by striking down the “substantially advances” theory that had been established in Agins. San Remo Hotel, L.P. v. City and County of San Francisco (2005) rejected the argument that whenever plaintiffs reserved their federal takings claims in state court, federal courts should review the reserved federal claims, regardless of the issues decided by the state court (i.e. when a state court makes a final decision on a federal takings claim, there will be no further pursuit at a higher court level). Kelo v. City of New London (2005) held that the general benefits a community enjoyed from economic growth qualified private redevelopment plans as a permissible "public use" under the Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Coal_Co._v._Mahon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingle_v._Chevron_U.S.A._Inc. https://www.oyez.org/cases/2004/04-340 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelo_v._City_of_New_London

Answer 78

The correct answer is D) Zoning ordinances focus on the use of property and not with its manner of ownership. Courts have repeatedly found that zoning cannot regulate the form of property ownership.

Answer 79

The correct answer is "B". Many communities embrace specific aspects of Smart Growth, such as urban service boundaries, pedestrian- and transit-oriented development, controls on sprawl, compact mixed uses, and the protection of agricultural and environmental resources. Peter Cathorpe’s The Next American Metropolis: Ecology, Community, and the American Dream, published in 1993, introduced the concept of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) and provided extensive guidelines and illustrations of their broad application. A Transit-Oriented Development is a mixed-use residential or commercial area designed to maximize access to public transport, and often incorporates features to encourage transit ridership. A TOD neighborhood typically has a center with a train station, metro station, tram stop, or bus station, surrounded by relatively high-density development with progressively lower-density development spreading outwards from the center. TODs generally are located within a radius of one-quarter to one-half mile (400 to 800 m) from a transit stop, as this is considered to be an appropriate scale for pedestrians.

Answer 80

The correct answer is “A” Overlay zoning is a flexible zoning technique that allows a municipality to: 1) protect certain areas; 2) encourage certain types of development; and 3) discourage certain types of development. These three functions of overlay zoning are not exclusive. In fact, a municipality can choose to establish an overlay zone to do any one or more of the three. Overlay zoning is not an exclusive zoning technique which operates alone. In fact, overlay zoning offers tremendous flexibility to municipalities by incorporating many other flexible zoning devices techniques available

Answer 81

The answer is “D”. Economic development and infrastructure planning practices present opportunities that encourage businesses and community facilities that offer creative, economically beneficial solutions to wasteful resource use and environmental degradation.

Answer 82

The correct answer is “A” Generation X-er's were born between 1965 and 1980. This APA planning magazine article not only describes the different generations but also the characteristics of the Shadow Boom. Source, APA Planning Magazine July 2002, "The War of the Ages" by C. Williamson, AICP, page 4.

Answer 83

The answer is "B". Fiscal impact analysis modeling (FIAM) is often carried out to evaluate the impacts of increases in density and the addition of territory through annexation.

Answer 84

The correct answer is “C” The 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago commemorated the 400th anniversary of the discovery of the New World. It was a source of the City Beautiful Movement and of the urban planning profession. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World's_Columbian_Exposition

Answer 85

The answer is “D”. MPOs do not regulate land use. That is the responsibility of local governments.

Answer 86

The correct answer is “B” The Nominal Group Technique is a facilitated group process involving problem identification, solution generation, and decision making. After a discussion of the issue and defining the issue (possibly through a background paper), the facilitated group enters into rounds of nominating solutions, discussing/clarifying nominated solutions, and ranking/voting on solutions to reach consensus [note: often with the use of sticky notes either suggesting a change (in the nomination round) or indicating support (in the ranking round) for a solution written up on a flipchart sheet placed on the wall]. Option II is part of the Delphi Technique, and Option III describes the Charrette process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominal_group_technique http://www.sswm.info/sites/default/files/reference_attachments/DUNHAM%201998%20 Nominal%20Group%20Technique%20-%20A%20Users'%20Guide.pdf

Answer 87

The correct answer is C) The shift-share technique allocates a portion of the projected expansion to subregions or population centers based on the center's present share of the total population. For example, the population of metropolitan New York may be expected to increase by 8 percent. Brooklyn and Queens may have 10 and 12 percent of the total population,

Answer 88

The correct answer is “A” The water table is the surface where the water pressure head is equal to the atmospheric pressure (where gauge pressure = 0). It may be conveniently visualized as the "surface" of the subsurface materials that are saturated with groundwater in a given vicinity. The water table may vary due to seasonal changes such as precipitation and evapotranspiration. Below the water table, rocks and soil are full of water. Pockets of water existing below the water table are called aquifers (i.e. below the water table, permeable units that yield groundwater are called aquifers). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_table http://water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycleinfiltration.html http://www.thefreedictionary.com/water+table http://education.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/water-table/

Answer 89

The answer is (C) A 2.5 acre site with an approved FAR of 6 will allow 653,400 square feet of building area (i.e. 2.5 acres x 43,560 sq. ft/acre x 6 = 653,400 square feet). This is equivalent to 15 stories on a one acre site (i.e. 653,400 square feet/43,560 square feet = 15). The amount of other required acreage is not needed for the calculation. http://www.carfree.com/far.html http://qualityforinnovation.com/floor-area-ratio/floor-area-ratio-illustrated-106988/

Answer 90

The correct answer is “A” The American Community Survey (ACS) was fully implemented in 2010. The survey is an ongoing statistical survey by the Census Bureau that is sent to about 3 million addresses a year. It replaces the long form, collecting information previously contained only in the long form that was collected in the every ten year census. The ACS provides three different sets of data products: one-year estimates (for areas with 65,000 or more persons), three-year estimates (for areas with 20,000 or more persons), and five-year estimates (for all areas).

Answer 91

The correct answer is “D” Climate planning to date has generally focused squarely on mitigation — the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The emerging wave is climate change adaptation planning: confronting the impacts of climate change. State climate action plans typically cover energy efficiency in procuring and operating vehicles and buildings, promotion of land use patterns which reduce vehicle miles traveled, promotion of multimodal transportation systems, and regulation of utilities to require efficiency, carbon sequestration, and peak load reduction strategies, for instance. In the area of climate change adaptation, newer plans are covering hazards management issues which are of specific concern, such as permafrost thawing in Alaska and saltwater intrusion in Florida. https://www.planning.org/policy/guides/pdf/climatechange.pdf

Answer 92

The correct answer is "D". The Urban Service Limit Line indicates the maximum extent where public services can be provided (also look up "carrying capacity" and "threshold population").

Answer 93

The correct answer is “B” http://lmi2.detma.org/Lmi/pdf/location_quotients.pdf

Answer 94

The correct answer is A) The Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act regulates 366 toxic, reactive, volatile, dispersible and flammable chemicals that can cause serious irreversible health effects from accidental releases.

Answer 95

The correct answer is “D” All are symptomatic measures for estimating current population. The basic assumption in all symptomatic methods is that changes in related obtainable data are predictive of changes in the population as a whole (e.g. building permits, vital statistics, school enrollment, new telephone hookups, new electric meters, and voter registration). SOURCE: 2014-2015 Chapter Presidents Council Study Manual for the AICP Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents’ Council American Planning Association, page 171.

Answer 96

The correct answer is “C” Groundwater (or ground water) is the water present beneath Earth's surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations. A unit of rock or an unconsolidated deposit is called an aquifer when it can yield a usable quantity of water. The depth at which soil pore spaces or fractures and voids in rock become completely saturated with water is called the water table (i.e. the top of the saturated zone is called the water table). Groundwater can be both potable and non-potable (e.g. saline Floridan Aquifer). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater http://water.usgs.gov/edu/earthgwaquifer.html http://www.oregongeology.org/sub/Water/groundwater.htm

Answer 97

The correct answer is “A” The correct answer is Metes and Bounds. It relies on a property’s physical features to determine the boundaries and measurements of the parcel. This type of Survey starts at a point of beginning (POB) and from there, the surveyor moves around the boundary. The boundaries are recorded by referring to linear measurements, directions, as well as natural and artificial landmarks (monuments). Monuments are fixed objects that are used to identify POBs or boundary intersections and can be a stone, river, highway, or iron post. This survey always ends back at the POB. The words “more or less” are used in this type of survey because the location of the monuments is more important than the actual distance stated in the wording. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metes_and_bounds

Answer 98

The correct answer is "C". How comprehensive community planning is carried-out may result in either sustainable development or haphazard urban sprawl.

Answer 99

The correct answer is (C) In general, an employment multiplier forecasts the amount of direct, indirect and induced jobs likely to be created (or lost) in an area, associated with a particular project or industry. See also - http://www.planning.org/planning/2009/dec/deeppockets.htm

Answer 100

The correct answer is “D” Ville Radieuse (The Radiant City) is an unrealized urban masterplan by Le Corbusier, first presented in 1924 and published in a book of the same name in 1933. His utopian ideal formed the basis of a number of urban plans during the 1930s and 1940s, and U.S. public housing in the 1950s. The design maintained the idea of high-rise housing blocks, free circulation and abundant green spaces. The blocks of housing would be laid out in long lines stepping in and out. At the core of Le Corbusier’s plan stood the notion of zoning: a strict division of the city into segregated commercial, business, entertainment and residential areas. The business district was located in the center, and contained monolithic mega-skyscrapers, each reaching a height of 200 meters and accommodating thousands of people. The housing districts would contain pre-fabricated apartment buildings, known as “Unités.” Reaching a height of fifty meters, a single Unité could accommodate 2,700 inhabitants and function as a vertical village: catering and laundry facilities would be on the ground floor, a kindergarden and a pool on the roof. Parks would exist between the Unités, allowing residents with a maximum of natural daylight, a minimum of noise and recreational facilities at their doorsteps. Perhaps the largest realization of Le Corbusier’s ideas can be witnessed in the conception of Brazil’s capital, Brasilia. New Urbanists such as James Howard Kunstler criticise the Radiant City concept for its lack of human scale and connection to its surroundings. It is, in Lewis Mumford's phrase, "buildings in a parking lot. The space between the high-rises floating in a superblock became instant wastelands, shunned by the public.” http://www.archdaily.com/411878/ad-classics-ville-radieuse-le-corbusier https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ville_Radieuse

Answer 101

The answer is “A”. Since the early 20th century, policy makers have offered legislative solutions to communities to manage changes resulting from population growth. In the 1920s, Secretary of Commerce, and later President, Herbert Hoover appointed an advisory committee that drafted the Standard City Planning and Zoning Enabling Acts. Many states subsequently adopted enabling laws based on these Acts.

Answer 102

The correct answer is “C” Based on the 7th Edition of the ITE manual the following uses have the following rates: Single Family Housing - 9.6 trips/unit Low-rise apartments - 6.6 trips/unit Townhouses - 5.9 trips/unit Mobile homes - 5.0 trips/unit High-rise apartments & high-rise condos - 4.2 trips/unit

Answer 103

The correct answer is “B” Danish-American reformer Jacob Riis (1849-1914) used photography and writing to reveal the terrible conditions of the urban poor in the US. He was the author of two books that looked at life in the slums of New York: How The Other Half Lives (1890) and Children of the Poor (1892). These books led to the first federal investigation of slum conditions and to changes in New York's housing laws that later became national models. Riis arises as one of the leading housing reformers in the history of American City Planning. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Riis

Answer 104

The correct answer is “D” Drive-in restaurants have high daily trip generation rates per 1000 sf: Drive-in Restaurant 550 trips/1000 sf General Office Building 12 trips/1000 sf Light Industrial 6 trips/1000 sf Single Family < 5 trips/1000 sf (10/du)

Answer 105

The correct answer is “B” A Cooperative is a multi-unit apartment building where each resident has an interest in the entire building, and a lease (or contract or share of stock) enabling the owner to occupy a particular apartment unit there. A cooperative, or "coop," is a corporation that owns a building. As a "coop owner," you own stock in the corporation, and proprietary rights to occupy a specified unit in the building. Your number of shares is based upon the size of the unit, the height in the building, and in some cases, other amenities such as exposure or view. Your monthly "maintenance" payments are based on the percentage of your shares to the total number of shares held in the building, both of which have been pre-determined at the time the building originally converted to coop. Perhaps the most important distinction between a condominium and a coop is that most coop associations require that a prospective purchaser be approved by a membership committee composed of current coop owners. Very few coops allow subletting, thereby creating a high owneroccupancy rate. Owners looking to sell their apartments must have the new buyer approved by the board through the application process before a sale can be made. In a Condominium, your apartment and a percentage of the common areas (called the “common elements”) belong to you, and are bought and sold just like a single family residence. Unlike coops, condominiums, or "condo" units are individually-assessed pieces of real estate property that are taxed to you directly by the City. There is no underlying mortgage on the building or property. The condo association manages and determines the operating budget for the building and its grounds and bills each owner monthly for "common charges," or your share of heat, water, electricity & gas for the common areas, staff salaries, insurance, etc. https://www.washingtonpost.com/realestate/condos-vs-co-ops-whats-thedifference/2013/04/25/f673e29c-a5e6-11e2-b029-8fb7e977ef71_story.html http://www.hudsonviewrealty.com/INFO/coopscondos.htm

Answer 106

The correct answer is C) Because adopting a zoning change is a legislative action, the member is free to discuss the matter outside of the public hearing process. While it would be helpful to the public to summarize the substance of those conversations during the public hearing, either orally or in writing, it is not legally required. In an alternative situation, discussions about pending adjudicatory matters must be conducted during the public hearing process.

Answer 107

The correct answer is “D” Waterfront planning includes a wide variety of considerations, including improving intergovernmental regulation, coordination and oversight of waterfronts and waterways. http://coastalsmartgrowth.noaa.gov/gettingstarted/waterfront_master_plans.html http://www1.nyc.gov/site/planning/plans/vision-2020-cwp/vision-2020-cwp.page * See Chapter 3 Goal write-ups http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/zone/zh_ztools_waterfront.shtml

Answer 108

The correct answer is “C” Presumably, the Director will be paying for her own lunch. It is perfectly acceptable to have lunch with the restaurant owner and describe the current ordinance restrictions and the process to propose an ordinance amendment.

Answer 109

The correct answer is “C”. An elected official must make public disclosure of all ``personal interests'' they may have regarding any decision to be made in the planning process in which they serve. “Personal interest'' must be broadly de-fined to include a spouse, family member or person living in their household. An elected official must abstain completely from direct or indirect participation as an advisor or decision-maker in any matter in which they have a personal interest. The member needs to leave the room entirely in order to remove any possibly of a challenge based on the member’s “silent” participation through body language, facial expressions, etc

Answer 110

The correct answer is “C” In 1915, Robert E. Park and E. W. Burgess introduced the idea of "neighborhood" as a concept associated with urban planning implications. Generally, neighborhood planning deals with a level of planning greater than household size but smaller than that of a city, yet neighborhood planning is not consistently found at the municipal level.

Answer 111

The correct answer is “B” Transportation Systems Management (TSM) is an approach to congestion mitigation that seeks to identify improvements in order to enhance the capacity of existing system through operational means. Elements of a TSM program might include metering on ramps, one way streets, signalization optimization, turn lane striping improvements, or special event management strategies.

Answer 112

The correct answer is (B) See “Hazard Mitigation Plans” in APA’s Planning and Urban Design Standards (2006); pp. 43-45, 585 See APA PAS Report 565 Hazard Mitigation (2010) See also - http://www.planning.org/eda/spotlight/2008/fall.htm

Answer 113

The correct answer is “C” Nationally, overlay zones typically add additional protective requirements for historic structures, environmental protection, etc. However, statues in Florida allow overlay zones to add additional development entitlements (e.g. rural land stewardship). Zoning districts may be set up into many different ways: 1) Cumulative (or pyramid), this is when permitted uses automatically accumulate from one district to each successive one. In this, the single detached residence is the top. 2) Exclusive classification, allows no uses in districts other than the uses for which they were created. An example for this is to stop residential from "taking over" another land use like commercial and then protesting when a commercial use is proposed. 3) Performance Standards, establish objective thresholds and maximum limits of the effects or characteristics of a land use (e.g.: allowable amount of noise). 4) Performance Zoning, regulates the character of the use instead of simply just regulating the use itself. 5) Mixed-Use districts, permitting mixed uses. 6) Planned Unit Developments (PUD), allows a mix of uses and flexibility in design as well as flexibility in density and dimensional requirements. 7) Overlay Zones, these add requirements "on top" of zoning districts. 8) Incentive Zoning, cities can use these to encourage development that exceeds the minimum standards. 9) Transferable Development Rights (TDR), allows property owners with limited development rights to buy additional rights from another property owner. SOURCE: 2014-2015 Chapter Presidents Council Study Manual for the AICP Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents’ Council American Planning Association, pages 131-133.

Answer 114

The correct answer is C) Mark is using good judgment, given his audience and his delicate relationship with the community.

Answer 115

The correct answer is C) Although the questions to be answered could be designed to elicit certain responses, it is unlikely that an interviewer could personally bias a mail questionnaire. As a result, mail questionnaires are considered effective and impartial methods of collecting data for planning studies and analytical reporting. Suggested reading: "Participation Tools for Better Land Use Planning", N. Moore, Center for Livable Communities, 1995.

Answer 116

The correct answer is “C”

Answer 117

The correct answer is “C” Although the dates vary slightly, the generally agreed upon dates for the Baby Boomers (i.e. post WWII born generation) is 1946-1964. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_boomers https://ferrebeekeeper.wordpress.com/tag/boom/

Answer 118

The correct answer is “B”. The first action to take is to give power and leadership to the Committee by advising the members of the group to select a chairperson from their own ranks.

Answer 119

The correct answer is “C” According to the AICP Code of Ethics, the director served the public interest by providing information to the group of residents when they were preparing their case. The director exhibited concern for the long-range consequences of the proposed plan use changes in his opposition, and the director was acting under his/her ethical responsibility to protect the integrity of the natural environment. It is likely that he would have been subpoenaed to testify by the residents. However, the Director could ethically appear in court to speak about his planning recommendations against the proposal, even if not subpoenaed. Of course, this latter action may have employment ramifications.

Answer 120

The correct answer is “C” Smart growth is not about controlling or stopping growth. It is about encouraging development patterns that simultaneously promote environmental protection and economic development opportunities within a framework of neo-traditional design principles. Strategies include land use planning, mixed-use development, measures to increase public mass transit use, and the preservation of natural and agricultural lands.

Answer 121

The correct answer is B) Riverside, Illinois is a railroad suburb designed by F.L. Olmstead Sr., and Calvert Vaux. Noted for its curvilinear streets and park-like surroundings, it is a symbol of mid-19th Century suburbanization and early urban sprawl.

Answer 122

The correct answer is “A”

Answer 123

The correct answer is “C” Standard Deviation can be described as the square root of the variance. SOURCE: 2014-2015 Chapter Presidents Council Study Manual for the AICP Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents’ Council American Planning Association, page 160. SEE ALSO: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation

Answer 124

The correct answer is ”A”. The Delphi method is an exercise in group communication among a panel of geographically dispersed experts. The technique allows experts to deal systematically with a complex problem or task. The essence of the technique is fairly straightforward. It comprises a series of questionnaires sent either by mail or via computerized systems, to a pre-selected group of experts. These questionnaires are designed to elicit and develop individual responses to the problems posed and to enable the experts to refine their views as the group’s work progresses in accordance with the assigned task. The main point behind the Delphi method is to overcome the disadvantages of conventional committee action. The name "Delphi" derives from the Oracle of Delphi, and was developed in its basic present form by Project RAND during the 1950-1960s. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphi_method

Answer 125

The correct answer is “B” Zero Base Budgeting starts from "scratch" every year. All programs have to justify their existence through analyses called decision packages. It reverses the working process of traditional budgeting. In traditional incremental budgeting, departmental managers justify only variances versus past years based on the assumption that the "baseline" is automatically approved. By contrast, in zero-based budgeting, every line item of the budget, rather than only the changes, must be approved. Zero-based budgeting requires that the budget request be re-evaluated thoroughly, starting from the zero-base; this involves preparation of a fresh budget every year without reference to the past. This process is independent of whether the total budget or specific line items are increasing or decreasing. SOURCE: 2014-2015 Chapter Presidents Council Study Manual for the AICP Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents’ Council American Planning Association, page 160. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-based_budgeting

Answer 126

The correct answer is “C” Meridan Street at the Capitol in Tallahassee runs north and south. Baselines (Apalachee Parkway in Tallahassee) run east and west. Township lines form a square around 36 sections, so they run both east and west, and north and south.

Answer 127

The correct answer is D) The Federal Telecommunications Act of 1996 protects the rights of the telecommunications industry in nearly the same fashion as the First Amendment protects adult uses. Local governments can regulate but can not prohibit these uses.

Answer 128

The correct answer is “C” Pop-Up Urbanism and Temporary Urbanism refer to the use of temporary urban infill projects. The idea has its roots in urban tactics from the World's Fairs of yesteryear to Christo's public art installations to of-the-moment interventions such as yarn bombing, guerilla gardening, and turning abandoned pay phones into mini-libraries. http://www.planning.org/planning/2011/apr/60urbanisms.htm http://www.planning.org/planning/2012/nov/frompopup.htm http://www.theatlanticcities.com/design/2012/05/rise-temporary-city/1865/

Answer 129

The correct answer is “B” In 1995, President Bill Clinton presented James Rouse (1914–1996) with the Presidential Medal of Freedom for his work revitalizing urban areas and his commitment to livability and diversity. Rouse was also the founder of the Enterprise Foundation, an organization dedicated to funding the design and construction of housing for low-income families and individuals. APA 2.0 Study Guide Practice Questions; #12, Exam Three. Also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Rouse

Answer 130

The correct answer is “D” The classic planning concept of sustainability derives from the term “sustainable development” that was coined in the paper Our Common Future, released by the Brundtland Commission in 1987. Sustainable development is the kind of development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brundtland_Commission#Modern_definition_of_sustainable_development

Answer 131

The correct answer is “A”. Kevin A. Lynch provided seminal contributions to the field of city planning through empirical research on how individuals perceive and navigate the urban landscape. His books explore the presence of time and history in the urban environment, how urban environments affect children, and how to harness human perception of the physical form of cities and regions as the conceptual basis for good urban design. Lynch's most famous work, The Image of the City published in 1960, is the result of a five-year study on how users perceive and organize spatial information as they navigate through cities.

Answer 132

The correct answer is D) The formula for computing location quotients can be written as: Where: Local (e.g. city) employment in industry i Total local employment Larger reference area (e.g. state) employment in industry i Total larger reference area employment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_base_analysis

Answer 133

The correct answer is (C) https://www.planning.org/zoningpractice/2011/pdf/may.pdf SEE: APA’s Compatibility; “Zoning Practice” (May 2011)

Answer 134

The correct answer is “B” At the federal level, preemption derives from the constitutional principle that the federal law is the supreme law of the land and trumps the laws of a state or locality that are inconsistent with a federal law. At the state level, a state law preempts the laws of a locality that are inconsistent with the state law. Planning and zoning are local land use functions in most states (exception – Hawaii which has state zoning). However, state and federal laws and regulations can preempt, or overrule, local laws and ordinances in three ways. Express preemption occurs when a state or federal law explicitly states that a county cannot regulate a particular subject matter. Implied preemption occurs when the law does not explicitly state whether it was meant to preempt local laws; however, the regulatory system is so comprehensive that intent of the legislature is implied to preclude local regulation in that area. Conflict preemption occurs when state law or local regulations actually conflict with federal law because compliance with both state/local and federal law is impossible, or when a state/local law stands as an impediment to a federal purpose. http://www.in.gov/isda/files/State_vs._Local_Authority_for_Confined_Feeding_Operations.pdf https://www.albemarle.org/upload/images/Forms_Center/Departments/County_Attorney/ Forms/LUchapter07-preemption.pdf

Answer 135

The correct answer is C) https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/2013cpr/chap1.cfm http://jcste.avestia.com/2015/002.html

Answer 136

The correct answer is “B” The shopping center will require just under 12 acres of blacktop [(1,300 spaces x 400 sf/space) / 43,560 sf/acre = 11.94 acres]

Answer 137

The correct answer is “A” The symptomatic approach to calculating population utilizes changes in obtainable data that are predictive of population changes as a whole (like building permits). In this example, single family permits have resulted in 998 new residents, and multi-family permits have resulted in 245 new residents, for a total increase of 1,243 new residents. Commercial permits are not particularly good estimates of current population. Additionally, there is not enough information presented in this question to use this figure as an estimate of new population.

Answer 138

The correct answer is “B” Qualitative data is data with characteristics and descriptors that can't be easily measured, but can be observed subjectively—such as smells, tastes, textures, attractiveness, and color that can be observed and is generally not measurable with a numerical result. Nominal data is qualitative data that is collected and grouped by names, numbers or symbols. For example, on a survey you may give a "yes" by answering I, or a "no" by answering 2. Likewise, you may answer that you’re a Democrat, Republican, or Libertarian, which is a categorical type of nominal data. Nominal data is the weakest type of data, meaningless to find mean, standard deviations, etc. Quantitative data is data with numbers and things you can measure objectively: dimensions such as height, width, and length; temperature and humidity levels. Quantitative data generally consists of either interval (e.g. temperature in degrees Farenheit) or ratio data (e.g. length). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_of_measurement http://blog.minitab.com/blog/understanding-statistics/understanding-qualitativequantitative-attribute-discrete-and-continuous-data-types

Answer 139

The correct answer is “D”

Answer 140

The answer is C) The rational-comprehensive model of decision-making focuses on the steps or activities in selecting alternatives. These steps or activities are: 1. Define the problem so that it is separate from other problems 2. List all the goals and objectives and their relative weights or values 3. List all the alternatives 4. List the costs and consequences of each alternative 5. Calculate the ratio of costs to benefits for each alternative 6. Identify the alternative that maximizes attainment of goals and objectives 7. The best alternative is that which most efficiently achieves the given goal. http://web.csulb.edu/~msaintg/ppa590/decision.htm http://www.ablongman.com/html/productinfo/shafritz/SHAF.chapt2.pdf

Answer 141

The correct answer is “B” The 1970’s saw the full development of the environmental movement, with the establishment of the EPA (1970) and a number of federal (and local) environmental laws including the Clean Water Act (1972), Coastal Zone Management Act (1972), and the Safe Drinking Water Act (1974); the expansion of housing programs (e.g. Section 8); and an economic recession (i.e. stagflation). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_environmental_law https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_and_Community_Development_Act_of_1974 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stagflation

Answer 142

The correct answer is “B”. The Tennessee Valley Authority (T.V.A.) is a federally owned corporation in the United States created by congressional charter in May 1933 to provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development to the Tennessee Valley, a region particularly affected by the Great Depression. The enterprise was a result of the efforts of Senator George W. Norris of Nebraska. TVA was envisioned not only as a provider, but also as a regional economic development agency that would use federal experts and electricity to rapidly modernize the region's economy and society. T.V.A.'s service area covers most of Tennessee, portions of Alabama, Mississippi, and Kentucky, and small slices of Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia. It was the first large regional planning agency of the federal government and remains the largest. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_Valley_Authority

Answer 143

The correct answer is “B” The dashed line represents the buildable area, defined by the setbacks. So the side yard setback is 10', not 20', and the front yard setback is 20', not 30'. Once this building area is defined, a building can be placed anywhere in that area, as long as they comply with allowable coverage or FAR requirements. So Answer B is the BEST answer. Although the building covers 36% of the lot, it is still in compliance with the 40% coverage and represents a building that would be permitted within a residential area with these building regulations.

Answer 144

The correct answer is “B” In economics and business decision-making, sunk costs are retrospective (past) costs that have already been incurred and cannot be recovered. Sunk costs are sometimes contrasted with prospective costs, which are future costs that may be incurred or changed if an action is taken. Sunk costs should not affect the rational decision maker's future choice. The sunk cost is distinct from economic loss. For example, when a car is purchased, it can subsequently be resold; however, it will probably not be resold for the original purchase price. The economic loss is the difference (including transaction costs). The sum originally paid should not affect any rational future decision-making about the car, regardless of the resale value: if the owner can derive more value from selling the car than not selling it, it should be sold, regardless of the price paid. In this sense, the sunk cost is not a precise quantity, but an economic term for a sum paid, in the past, which is no longer relevant to decisions about the future

Answer 145

The correct answer is C) The sector model, also known as the Hoyt model, is a model of urban land use proposed in 1939 by economist Homer Hoyt. The sector model is a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges radiating out from the central business district (CBD) and centered on major transportation lines. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sector_model http://lewishistoricalsociety.com/wiki2011/tiki-read_article.php?articleId=93

Answer 146

The correct answer is “D” The typical steps that municipalities follow in reviewing a proposed subdivision or land development under a subdivision and land development ordinance are as follows. * Pre-application conferences: In these meetings, the municipality’s code enforcement staff familiarizes the developer with the local development regulations. Any potential problems that the proposed subdivision may cause to either public infrastructure systems or other developments are identified. Relatively few details should be expected of the developer at this stage. The overall goal is to help the developer avoid any costly redesigns later. * Preliminary plat review: At this step, the developer submits a preliminary plat of his or her proposed subdivision for review and approval by the municipality’s code enforcement staff, governing body, and/or planning commission. The submitted plat is usually approved, approved with conditions, or denied. Note that the approval of a preliminary plat usually implies that a similar final plat will also be approved (it also sometimes implies that any subsequent zoning changes will be irrelevant). Involved school districts and/or sewer/water authorities may additionally review the preliminary plat as a courtesy. Note that to call a map submitted at this stage “preliminary” is somewhat misleading, since most of the subdivision’s major characteristics are already somewhat fixed. * Final plat review: The developer then submits a final plat of his or her proposed subdivision for review and approval by the municipality’s governing body and/or planning commission. The construction, operation, and maintenance of any public or semi-public improvements or dedications should be thoroughly investigated at this time. * Exactions. Three kinds of exactions are commonly used in subdivision regulations. o Improvements and dedications of land: The most common form of a subdivision exaction is a requirement that the developer provide certain infrastructural improvements to serve the land being developed (e.g., public streets, utility lines, drainage systems, sidewalks, bus shelters, open spaces, etc…). Occasionally, these improvements are required on lands that the developer does not own or control.  If the required improvements are to be made available for public use or are to be connected to a public system, the municipality usually (1) will require the dedication (i.e., donation) of the land so improved to the municipality, and (2) will accept this dedication only after the improvements have been completed and inspected. This dedication may involve a fee simple title, an easement, or some other property interest.  In some instances, a municipality may require a developer to provide an improvement that is clearly designed to serve a larger population than that expected in the subdivision. In such cases, the municipality should partially reimburse the developer for these “oversized” improvements.  Requiring developers to provide infrastructural improvements and to dedicate lands can be justified on a special assessment basis (i.e., those who will most benefit from the improvements and dedications pay for them).  However, requirements for improvements and dedications of land are often too coarse for capital improvements programming. The full cost of many major public improvements (e.g., arterial roads) cannot be honestly assigned solely to one subdivision. Many public improvements cannot be built in stages as different subdivisions are developed over time (e.g., arterial roads). For some public improvements (e.g., parks), a large areawide facility may be superior to several smaller ones – each in its own subdivision. Thus, requirements for improvements and dedications of land developed into the next kind of subdivision exaction.  Many municipalities allow the developer to construct the required improvements after final plat approval. In such a situation, the developer is usually required to post a financial guarantee or performance bond that the municipality will release after the improvements have been inspected and approved. o Fees in lieu of dedication: This form of subdivision exaction either allows or requires the developer to pay a fee in lieu of the improvements or dedications that would have otherwise been obligatory. Payment is usually made prior to and as a condition of final plat approval. In order to satisfy constitutional tests, the required fees are typically placed in accounts earmarked both by purpose (e.g., parks, schools) and by the geographic area in which they were collected. http://planningpa.org/wp-content/uploads/career_aicp_pdc_study.pdf (pp. 73-76)

H 2016 Flashcards

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