PP Exam 10 Flashcards

Question

This type of zoning involves superimposing over zoning districts to create additional requirements. A) PUD B) TDRs C) Overlay Zones D) Performance Zoning Submit Reset

Answer 1

C(Overlay Zones). Zoning districts may be set up into many different ways. 1. Cumulative (or pyramid), this is when permitted uses automatically accumulate from one district to each successive one. In this, the single detached residence is the top. 2)Exclusive classification, allows no uses in districts than the uses for which they were created. An example for this is to stop residential from "taking over" another land use like commercial and then protesting when a commercial use is proposed. 3)Performance Standards, establish objective thresholds and maximum limits of the effects or characteristics of a land use (e.g.: allowable amount of noise). 4)Performance Zoning, regulates the character of the use instead of simply just regulating the use itself. 5)Mixed-Use districts, permitting mixed uses. 6)Planned Unit Developments (PUD), allows a mix of uses and flexibility in design as well as flexibility in density and dimensional requirements. 7) Overlay zones, these add requirements "on top" of zoning districts. 8)Incentive Zoning, cities can use these to encourage development that exceeds the minimum standards. 9)Transferable Development Rights (TDR), allows property owners with limited development rights to buy additional rights from another property owner. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Development Regulations" by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 142-144.

Answer 2

D(Inform the Commission about your connection to the case and remove yourself from the review process. ). As the Planning Director, you should inform the Planning Commission about your connection to the petitioner as well as the case, and remove yourself from the planning review process. There could be a perceived conflict of interest if you were a deciding factor in the review and approval of the project. Source: Talking Ethics Version 1.0.0013Produced by: Crisanti & Co.Programming by: Ralph RussellTalking Ethics copyright American Planning Association.

Answer 3

D(I & II). In 1924-28, Sunnyside Gardens, a planned neighborhood designed by Clarence Stein and Henry Wright, was built by the City Housing Corporation under Alexander Bing in Queens, New York. And in 1928 construction of Radburn, New Jersey, began. This Planned community was inspired by Howard's Garden City concept and designed by Stein and Wright. It was a forerunner of the New Deal's Greenbelt towns. Source:www.planning.org

Answer 4

D(Effluent). Effluent is a discharge of pollutants into the environment, partially or completely treated or in its natural state and is generally used in regard to discharges into waters. Source: http://www.epa.gov

Answer 5

B(The 1969 National Environmental Policy Act). The 1969 National Environmental Policy Act requires an "environmental impact statement" for every federal or federally aided state or local major action that might significantly harm the environment. Source:www.planning.org

Answer 6

C(Housing). Catherine Bauer Wurster was a leading advocate for well-designed, low-income housing. Her 1934 book, Modern Housing, was one of the most influential of the time. Source: www.planning.org

Answer 7

D(2,266). Source, APA Planning Magazine May 2002, "Monster Houses? Yes" by Lang and Danielson, page 24. It is a trend that is occurring in every city throughout the United States. Homes are getting much larger than in the past. Look at typical "teardown" development in older parts of towns. These new homes are being built to the maximum size allowed.

Answer 8

B(Charrette). A charrette can be described as an intensive, interactive problem solving exercise. It is convened around a specific plan(s). Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Citizen Participation in Planning" by Terry Langlois, AICP, Memphis TN, page 134.

Answer 9

C(free flow, high operating speed with no delays ). Source: "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP", Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, "Transportation Planning" by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 156. See Figure 3, Roadway Level of Service Descriptions. Level A is free flow, high operating speed with no delays.

Answer 10

C(6). In a recent study by the National Association of Realtors and Smart Growth America, 6 in 10 homebuyers said they preferred a neighborhood with a shorter commute and amenities (shops, restaurants, schools, libraries and public transportation) within walking distance over a large-lot neighborhood with a longer commute and limited walk able amenities. The reality of higher-density development is separated from misperception in a booklet from the Urban Land Institute (ULI) in partnership with the Sierra Club, the National Multi Housing Council, and the American Institute of Architects. Higher-Density Development: Myth and Fact. Source: http://www.uli.org

Answer 11

A(Zoning Hearing Master). Some communities have a Zoning Hearing Master that presides over rezoning proceedings that are treated as quasi-judicial actions. They make recommendations that include a summary of the evidence that was given, the findings, and the conclusion of law. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Development Regulations" by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 146.

Answer 12

B(1990). Source, APA Planning Magazine April 2002, "What Difference has the ADA Made?" by Terry S. Szold, page 10. The ADA was signed into law in 1990 and its accessibility guidelines for buildings and facilities in 1991. It was enacted to ensure that disabled citizens enjoy the same rights and opportunities as all Americans, including access to everyday activities such as commerce, travel, and recreation.

Answer 13

D(All of the above). Staff functions deal with general services such as providing information or services to the Line units. Relating to a public planning agency, Line Functions deal primarily with direct services such as police and fire services. It should be noted that Public Planning involves both line and staff functions. Source: "Management and Organization of Planning" by Louise Mercuro, AICP, page 104, from the "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP)", 2002 version, Chapter Presidents Council.

Answer 14

D(Homer Hoyt ). 1939 - Homer Hoyt's influential "sector theory" of urban structure appears in his monograph, The Structure and Growth of Residential Neighborhoods in American Cities. Source:www.planning.org

Answer 15

B(Boston, Mass.). The first US Subway was opened in Boston, Mass. on Sept. 1, 1897. Source: http://www.infoplease.com

Answer 16

C(10, 20). Standard of living was based generally on the relationship of income to housing expense. Now however, sprawling land patterns have raised transportation expenses to nearly the same level if not higher than those for shelter costs. Transportation costs for consumers have increased steadily from 10 percent of household income in 1935 to nearly 20 percent for the average American household today (Utter 2005). Source: Multifamily Trends - Winter 2005 - Features The Match Game: Bringing Together Affordable Housing and Transit Villages: By Marilee Utter Source: http://www.uli.org/

Answer 17

D(All of the above). State and Federal Grants may be used to finance a multitude of projects including roads, airports, sewers, etc... The cost of these projects could be completely covered by the grants or the local government may be required to contribute a portion or share. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Budgeting" by Dale F. Bertsch, AICP, Department of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1989 Department of City and Regional Planning, pages 199-205.

Answer 18

A(1). According to the American Planning Association, Secion 1 of the Code is Principles to Which We Aspire. This section is broken into three categories, our responsibility to the 1) Public, 2) our clients and employers, and 3) our profession and colleagues. Source: www.planning.org

Answer 19

C(foreshadowed the New Urbanism movement ). In 1923 construction began at Mariemont, Ohio, in suburban Cincinnati. Mary Emery was its founder and benefactor; John Nolen, the planner. Some of its features (short blocks, mixture of rental and owner-occupied housing) foreshadow the contemporary New Urbanism movement. Source:www.planning.org

Answer 20

D(Capital Improvement Programming ). Capital Improvement Programming involves capital projects that are linked to the comprehensive plan. The annual Capital budget is the first year of usually a 5-10 year program. Most cities have a 6 year program. It involves estimating capital requirements, scheduling, budgeting priority projects, coordinating, monitoring and evaluating, and informing the public. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Budgeting" by Dale F. Bertsch, AICP, Department of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1989 Department of City and Regional Planning, pages 199-205.

Answer 21

D(HOPE VI). HOPE VI is the federal program created in 1993 to eliminate distressed public housing. Administered by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Source: APA Planning Magazine June 2001, "Is New Urbanism Growing Old?" by Martin Zimmerman page 11.

Answer 22

B(Census Tract). According to the US Census, a Census tract is a small, relatively permanent statistical subdivision of a county that is delineated by a local committee of census data users for the purposes of presenting data. Census tract boundaries may follow visible features, but may follow governmental unit boundaries and other non-visible features in some instances. Tracts always lie within counties. Designed to be homogeneous units with respect to population characteristics, economic status at the time of establishment, census tracts average about 4,000 inhabitants. They may be split by any sub-county geographic entity. Source:http://www.census.gov

Answer 23

B(1,2,3). The Buffalo Commons proposal centers around the issue of creating a natural environment in the great plains. An area of the country where human population is shrinking. Source, APA Planning Magazine July 2002, "Small Can Be Beautiful" by Popper and Popper, page 22.

Answer 24

C(a measure of dispersion around the mean). A variance is a measure of dispersion around the mean. It is calculated as the average of the sum of the squared deviations from the mean. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Quantitative Methods" pages 162-164.

Answer 25

C(City Beautiful ). Some of the deficiencies of the City Beautiful Movement are that it catered to an upper class, it's beautification and adornment had limited practicality, and public investment was needed for its parks and boulevards, and this was not always available to cities. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Planning History Summary" by John M. Janson, AICP, PDO, Utah Chapter, APA, West Valley City, UT., page 70.

Answer 26

D(IV). The highest point on a curve with normal distribution is the truest measure of central tendency and will represent the mean, mode, and median.

Answer 27

A(LA's new light rail line). The Gold Line is Los Angeles's new light rail line. Source: APA Planning Magazine May 2003, "How to Make Transit-Orientated Development Work" by Jeffrey Tumlin and Adam Millard-Ball, page 15. The LA to Pasadena Metro Construction Authority was formed in 1999 to design and build a light rail line using the most modern mass transit vehicles from Union Station in Los Angeles to the Sierra Madre Villa Avenue station in Pasadena (Phase I), a distance of 13.7 miles. Phase I of the project was fully funded with state and local money at the beginning of construction and used the design - build method to deliver the project on time and under budget. Phase I opened to the public July 26, 2003. Phase II will serve the cities of Pasadena, Arcadia, Monrovia, Duarte, Irwindale, Azusa, Glendora, San Dimas, La Verne, Pomona, Claremont and Montclair. A trip from Montclair to downtown Pasadena would take a little over 40 minutes and to Los Angeles would take approximately 75 minutes. Light rail will assist with the planning goals of redistributing growth and strengthening established downtowns in the Foothill communities. The Line will offer shorter commuting trips, increased energy savings (1.5 million gallons of gasoline each year) and reduced levels of pollution (4 tons of carbon monoxide). Over 2003 and 2004, the objective of the Authority, cooperation with cities along the alignment, is to prepare a draft Environmental Impact Statement and meet the requirements for the federal government to approve entering into Preliminary Engineering on the project. If that approval is secured in 2004, construction could start as early as 2006 with some service to the public beginning in 2009. Source: http://www.la-pasblueline.org/projectphase2.htm

Answer 28

C(Standard City Planning Enabling Act). In 1928, under Herbert Hoover, the US Department of Commerce issued the Standard City Planning Enabling Act.

Answer 29

D(All of the above). The implementation of New Regionalism is likely to come through incremental development of social, capital, partnerships, institutions, and between governments. Source, APA Journal, Summer 2002, "The New Regionalism" by Stephen M. Weeler, page 267.

Answer 30

A(those coming out of a pipe and into a body of water ). Point pollutants are those coming out of a pipe and into a body of water. Source: Environmental Planning, by Steven Gordon, AICP, 1989, The Ohio State University.

Answer 31

C(8-9 feet). According to Gerald Stocks and Ron Van Der Meid in the Urban Land Institute's "Dimensions of Parking" in the chapter of Surface Lot Design, standard stalls widths in surface lots are between 8-9 feet. Source: "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP", Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, "Transportation Planning" by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 159.

Answer 32

A(involves plants and organic material that are burned, such as waste, wood and agricultural and animal waste ). Biomass plants burn organic material, such as waste, wood and agricultural and animal waste to produce energy. This clean, renewable, and indigenous energy uses two methods to convert biomass to electricity. Solid biomass fuels are burned in a broiler. The fuel turns to steam which is then used to turn a turbine generator to produce electricity. The second method involves gasifying the fuels to be burned and used as electricity. Source: http://www.energyguide.com

Answer 33

B(PPBS). PPBS was developed in the 1960's. There are three main points of this budgeting technique. The first, it is organized by program instead of functional objects. The second, PPBS extends programs out into the future to look at the spending implications. And the third, all of the programs are put through quantitative analysis. A key point to remember, PPBS is focused on planning, not budgeting. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Budgeting" by Dale F. Bertsch, AICP, Department of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1989 Department of City and Regional Planning, pages 199-205.

Answer 34

C(a range of values that includes a certain population parameter with a given probability). A confidence interval is a range of values that includes a certain population parameter with a given probability. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Quantitative Methods", page 163, 2002 Version.

Answer 35

A(II). Building permits and electric meters are both examples of symptomatic methods to estimate current population, not forecast future population. The cohort survival method ages population, estimates the number of births and deaths, and projects a future population. This method is made more accurate by including in and out migration. It is important you are able to distinguish between estimating current population and forecasting future population.

Answer 36

D(these are often sold for projects that produce revenue). Revenue Bonds are often sold for projects that produce revenue such as sewer systems. They are financed through service charges or fees over the long run. Therefore they are not back by the local jurisdiction by full faith and credit. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Budgeting" by Dale F. Bertsch, AICP, Department of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1989 Department of City and Regional Planning, pages 199-205.

Answer 37

C(branding). Source: APA Planning Magazine, "What Brand Are You?", by Karen Finucan, August 2002, page 10. City Branding has the potential to build users for life and promote long term, profitable growth. Branding will become even more important in the future, as it will set communities apart for other communities. With "cybercommuting" and consulting increasing, branding will influence residential location decisions because people can live in the type of "branding" they are interested in. (e.g.: family-friendly, singles, etc…)

Answer 38

C(Census Designated Places). Source, APA Planning Magazine July 2002, " The War of the Ages " by C. Williamson, AICP, page 8. CDP's are incorporated cities and unincorporated communities identified by the Census Bureau, usually with input from local and county planners.

Answer 39

D(Charles Lindblom). In this book, Lindblom writes against the basic assumption that central control is necessary in a democracy. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Planning History Summary" by John M. Janson, AICP, PDO, Utah Chapter, APA, West Valley City, UT., page 80.

Answer 40

D(All of the above ). DART is the Dallas Area Rapid Transit. This article discusses the use of Light Rail Lines throughout Dallas for public transit and to help ease sprawl and traffic congestion. In Dallas, property values around transit stations rose 25% since DART began in 1996. The article also discusses other places where light rail is being used or planned to run, like Phoenix. Regarding Phoenix, since the time of this Planning Magazing Article in 2000, in 2007 the METRO in Phoenix is nearing its opening day of December 2008. The METRO system is designed to integrate seamlessly with Valley Metro bus service and will share the same fare structure. An all-day pass is good for local bus and rail service. METRO is set to open in December 2008, bringing Valley residents a new way to get to work and play, and to connect to Phoenix Sky Harbor Airport. Source: APA Planning Magazine October 2000, "All Aboard" by Jane Holtz Kay, Page 14-19. and regarding Phoenix METRO: http://www.valleymetro.org

Answer 41

C(Dallas Area Rapid Transit). DART is the Dallas Area Rapid Transit. This article discusses its use of Light Rail Lines throughout Dallas for public transit and to help ease sprawl and traffic congestion. In Dallas, property values around transit stations rose 25% since DART began in 1996. It also discusses Phoenix and Dallas in the article. Source: APA Planning Magazine October 2000, "All Aboard" by Jane Holtz Kay, Page 14-19. In addition to this transit system in Dallas, a Planningprep member submitted the following information for another DART in another part of the country. DART is also the Delaware Administration for Regional Transit, a subsidary of DelDOT. (1985) It was originally the Delaware Authority for Regional Transit (1971). The Delaware Transit Corporation (DTC), a division of DelDOT has operated DART since 1995.

Answer 42

C(preserving archaeological sites ). Antiquities Act of 1906: First law to institute federal protection for preserving archaeological sites. Provided for designation as National Monuments areas already in the public domain that contained "historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, and objects of historic or scientific interest." Source:www.planning.org

Answer 43

D(Variance). Variances are forms of administrative relief from ordinance requirements that are based upon "unnecessary hardships". They are generally granted by a board of adjustment or board of zoning appeals. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Planning Law" by Sharon Puryear, AICP, Greensboro, NC, page 120.

Answer 44

B(Southern Burlington County NAACP v. Township of Mt. Laurel II). In a case focusing on Mt. Laurel, New Jersey, the New Jersey Supreme Court ruled in 1983 that all 567 municipalities in the state must build their "fair share" of affordable housing. Source: www.planning.org

Answer 45

B(the value that divides the distribution into two equal parts). The following are definitions used in quantitative methods. The "mean" is the average of a series of numbers. The "median" is the value that divides the distribution into two equal parts. The "Mode" is the value of a distribution that has the most occurring frequency. The "Range" is the difference between the lowest and highest score. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Quantitative Methods" pages 162-164.

Answer 46

C(Plan of Chicago 1909). 1909 - Daniel Burnham's Plan of Chicago was published. First metropolitan plan in the U.S. (Key figures: Frederick A. Delano, Charles Wacker, Charles Dyer Norton.) Source:www.planning.org

Answer 47

D(All of the above). Source: "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP", Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, "Transportation Planning" by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 156. TDM has begun to take the place of capacity expansion as a method to improve roadway operating conditions.

Answer 48

A(June 1, 2005). The current Code of Ethics took effect June 1, 2005. Source: www.planning.org

Answer 49

B(Working in metro LA and living inland 60 miles+/-). Source: APA Planning Magazine, February 2002, "The Inland Empire Strikes Back" by Fulton and Shigley, page 10. As many know the high cost of living in the downtown LA area has pushed the average worker to the far suburbs where homes are popping up at a more affordable price tag. These homes however require roads and utilities that are a strain on these areas.

Answer 50

B(Geothermal). Geothermal power comes from deep beneath the earth's surface where hot magma (Dr. Evil anyone?) heats the underlying water or steam which is converted into electricity. Geothermal resources vary in temperature. Low-to moderate temperature (20°C to 150°C) geothermal resources are used to provide direct heat for homes and industry, while the high temperature (above 150°C) geothermal resources are used in electric power generation. Source: http://www.energyguide.com

Answer 51

D(the FHA for insuring individual home mortgages). In 1934 the National Housing Act was created. It established FSLIC for insuring savings deposits and the FHA for insuring individual home mortgages.

Answer 52

D(office and medical centers ). A medical center has a peak parking space factor of 0.10 - 0.75 parking spaces per employee. Source: "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP", Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, "Transportation Planning" by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 159, Figure 6, Ranges of Generation Factors. The source for this table is ITE, "Parking Generation", 2nd edition, 1987.

Answer 53

C(Clusters of wind turbines). The most common commercial use of wind power today is for running turbines that generate electricity. Wind turbines are often set up in clusters, called wind farms, and the electricity generated is fed into the grid. Source:http://www.energyguide.com

Answer 54

D(slum prevention and urban renewal). The Housing Act of 1954 stressed slum prevention and urban renewal rather than slum clearance and urban redevelopment as in the 1949 Act. It also stimulated general planning for cities under 25,000 population by providing funds under Section 701 of the Act. "701 funding" later extended by legislative amendments to foster statewide, interstate, and substate regional planning. Source: www.planning.org

Answer 55

B(Federal Property Administration Act of 1949 ). Source, APA Planning Magazine, "Catching the Brass Ring: How to Acquire Military Land" by John E. Vranicar, Pages 16 to 21. The military is one of the largest landowners. From 1ac to 10,000ac. Some communities acquire them from the Department of Defense (DOD). • The Federal Properties Administration Act (1949) is used to dispose of Federal property. • When property is no longer needed, declared surplus, other federal agencies have the chance to bid for the property, if not, the General Services Administration sells it at a public auction, or if there are still no takers, transfers is at no cost. • There is a second way for a community to acquire military land. The Law also permits a land exchange. If vacate it can be a quick swap. If there is a military building than the community has to replace it for the military somewhere else. • There is a third way. The DOD can lease the land to the community at fair market rent. • A forth way. Special Legislation – ensures property is conveyed to local community and no one else. • Santa Barbara – Special Legislation – bought back from the navy (at the cost of replacing the building down the coast) a building along its waterfront. • Jersey City – Port Libertee Development. (Golf course/residential development and most of the land was owned by the military. • Phoenix – expansion of Sky Harbor International Airport. • O’Hare – expanded to build United Airlines HQ. Base next to it closed down if City would pay to relocate the air force facility to Scott, southern Illinois. In 1999, this occurred. • BRAC Commission (Base Closure Act)

Answer 56

B(20 acres). To determine the location and size of a property in this method, start at the end and work backward to the beginning reading from right to left. After locating Section12, divide the section into quarters. Then divide the SE1/4 into quarters, and then the NW1/4 of that into halves. The S1/2 of that NW1/4 contains the property here. For the size, the SE1/4 of the Section is 640 acres divided by 4 which is 160 acres. The NW1/4 of the quarter section contains 160 divided by 4 which is 40 acres, and the S1/2 of the quarter is 40 acres divided by 2, which of course is 20. Source: “Modern Real Estate Practice in Illinois” Third Edition, Galaty, Allaway, and Kyle, Chicago, Illinois, 1999, Chapter Nine.

Answer 57

B(The Intelligence of Democracy (1965)). In this book, Lindblom writes against the basic assumption that central control is necessary in a democracy. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Planning History Summary" by John M. Janson, AICP, PDO, Utah Chapter, APA, West Valley City, UT., page 80.

Answer 58

C(MSA). According to the US Census, a Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) can be defined as a geographic entity defined by the federal Office of Management and Budget for the use by federal statistical agencies that are based on the concept of a core area with a large population nucleus. These adjacent communities have a high degree of economic and social integration with that core. Qualification of an MSA calls for the presence of a city with 50,000 or more, or the presence of an Urbanized Area (UA) and a total population of at least 100,000 (75,000 in New England). The county or counties containing the largest city and surrounding densely settled area are central counties of the MSA. Source:http://www.census.gov

Answer 59

A(a staged, three to five year prioritized program of transportation projects that cover a metropolitan planning area which is consistent with the metropolitan transportation plan ). A Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) can be a staged, three- to five-year prioritized program of transportation projects covering a metropolitan planning area which is consistent with the metropolitan transportation plan. The projects are recommended from those in the transportation systems management element and the long-range element of the planning process. This program is required for a locality to receive federal transit and highway grants. The selected projects need to be consistent with the transportation plan. Source:http://www.dot.state.tx.us

Answer 60

A(Keystone Bituminous Coal Assoc. v. DeBenedictis ). Keystone Bituminous Coal Assoc. v. DeBenedictis, 480 U.S. 470 (1987). The Court in Keystone rejected a facial takings challenge to the Pennsylvania Subsidence Act, which required that 50% of the coal beneath certain structures be kept in place to provide surface support. The Court rejected the claim that the Act completely took 27 million tons of coal required to be left in the ground because that coal comprised less than 2% of the total coal in the mines covered by the protections. Source:http://www.communityrights.org

Answer 61

A(takings ). Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council, 505 U.S. 1003 (1992). Lucas challenged the South Carolina Coastal Council's application of the state's Beachfront Management Act to deny Lucas a permit to build homes on his two beachfront lots. The Court ruled that a per se taking occurs where regulation denies the landowner all economically beneficial use and value of the land. The Court also held that in such a case the government could avoid liability by showing that the challenged restriction is justified by "background principles" of law in effect at the time the landowner bought the property. Source:http://www.communityrights.org

Answer 62

B(B). Source: "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP", Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, "Transportation Planning" by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 156. See Figure 3, Roadway Level of Service Descriptions. Level B is stable flow, short delays and speed somewhat restricted.

Answer 63

D(All of the Above). Measure enacted by the U.S. Congress to decrease federal control of American Indians and to increase tribal self-government. The act was created to strengthen tribal structure by encouraging the written constitutions and to undo the damage caused by the Dawes General Allotment Act by returning surplus lands to the tribes rather than to homesteaders. It gave Indians the power to manage their internal affairs and established a revolving credit fund for tribal land purchases and educational assistance. It remains the basic legislation concerning Indian affairs. Source: http://education.yahoo.com

Answer 64

A(Hudson River ). Source, APA Planning Magazine February 2002, "GE, EPE and PCB's" by Jill Fisher, AICP, page 23. The Superfund is the Federal government's program to clean up the nation's uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. Under the Superfund program, abandoned, accidentally spilled, or illegally dumped hazardous waste that pose a current or future threat to human health are cleaned up. To accomplish its mission, the EPA works closely with communities, Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs), scientists, researchers, contractors, and state, local, tribal, and Federal authorities. With these groups, the EPA identifies hazardous waste sites, tests the conditions of the sites, formulates cleanup plans, and cleans up the sites. The Superfund Trust Fund was set up to pay for the cleanup of these sites. The dollars comes mainly from taxes on the chemical and petroleum industries. The Trust Fund is used primarily when those companies or people responsible for contamination at Superfund sites cannot be found, or cannot pay for the cleanup or perform the cleanup work.

Answer 65

B(Zero Base). Zero Base Budget can be described as a budget starting from scratch every year. Decision packages are used to justify programs existence. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Quantitative Methods" pages 162-164.

Answer 66

D(All of the above). Ecoregions are intended to provide a spatial framework for ecosystem assessment, research, inventory, monitoring, and management. These regions delimit large areas within which local ecosystems reoccur more or less throughout the region in a predictable pattern. By observing the behavior of the different kinds of systems within a region it is possible to predict the behavior of an unvisited one. Ecoregions should be thought of as multi-purpose regions, designed to show areas within which the aggregate of all terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem components is different from or less variant than that in other areas. Source:http://www.epa.gov

Answer 67

D(Budget). Budgeting can be defined as "a means of allocating resources and creating priorities while defining competing interests and making choices between them, as part of setting government policy on a variety of public issues." Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Budgeting" by Dale F. Bertsch, AICP, Department of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1989 Department of City and Regional Planning, pages 199-205.

Answer 68

C(Americans With Disabilities Act ). The ADA was signed into law in 1990 and its accessibility guidelines for buildings and facilities in 1991. It was enacted to ensure that disabled citizens enjoy the same rights and opportunities as all Americans, including access to everyday activities such as commerce, travel, and recreation. Source, APA Planning Magazine April 2002, "What Difference has the ADA Made?" by Terry S. Szold, page 10.

Answer 69

D(All of the above). Strategic Plans are different than other plans because the process is different. The plan is more focused, its main purpose is to direct resources to accomplish its goals, and the decisions it is intended to affect are more limited in scope. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Strategic Planning Process" by Ben Orsbon, AICP, South Dakota Department of Transportation, Pierre, SD. Page 63. And, Source: "Strategic Planning: What Every Manager Must Know" by George Steiner, The Free Press, 1979.

Answer 70

D(The Death and Life of Great American Cities, by Jane Jacobs). The 1961 book, "The Death and Life of Great American Cities", by Jane Jacobs includes a critique of planning and planners.

Answer 71

C(Jean Gottmann). Jean Gottmann coined the expression, megalopolis, when referring to the extended urban region that contained several metro areas which appear to form a single agglomeration. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Planning History Summary" by John M. Janson, AICP, PDO, Utah Chapter, APA, West Valley City, UT., page 75.

Answer 72

D(all of the above). Transit-oriented developments (TODs) are comparatively compact, mixed-use villages built around transit stations and designed to put a variety of uses within an easy walk of the platform. This form of development also tends to incorporate a variety of travel modes, including bicycles, buses, trains, and shuttles, as well as autos. Parking is in multi-level structures or below grade. High-quality design and materials are key because of the relative density of development. Frequently, the area is built around a public plaza, public artwork, a water feature, or other amenity. To accommodate all the uses and to amortize the higher development expense, the project needs to be of a certain size—usually not less than 5 acres. From a developer standpoint, TODs are mixed-use projects with a transit anchor. Source: Multifamily Trends - Winter 2005 - Features The Match Game: Bringing Together Affordable Housing and Transit Villages: By Marilee Utter Source: http://www.uli.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=News&CONTENTID=13396&TEMPLATE=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm

Answer 73

D(legally established under the zoning regulations that were in effect at the time of their development). There are generally three types of categories allowed in permitted land uses, these are described below. 1)Principle uses, these are uses that are allowed by right. 2)Accessory uses, these are land uses that are permitted only if they are incidental to the principle use. 3)Secial uses, these are land uses allowed only by a special review. There is another interesting use called Nonconforming use, these are legally established under the zoning regulations that were in effect at the time of their development and are a result of changes in the zoning ordinance. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Development Regulations" by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 141-142.

Answer 74

D( a pond, lake, tank or basin, natural or man-made, that can be used for the regulation, storage and control of water ). A reservoir is a pond, lake, tank or basin, natural or man-made, used for the storage, regulation and control of water. Source:http://www.epa.gov

Answer 75

D(Indian Reorganization Act ). The Indian Reorganization Act was legislation passed in 1934 in the United States in an attempt to secure new rights for Native Americans on reservations. Source: http://www.slider.com

Answer 76

B(1969). NEPA was passed by Congress in 1969. National Environmental Policy Act passed and Environmental Protection Agency created. Source: http://cfpub.epa.gov

Answer 77

D(All of the above). In a recent study by the "National Association of Realtors and Smart Growth America", 6 in 10 prospective homebuyers said they preferred a neighborhood with a shorter commute and amenities (shops, restaurants, schools, libraries and public transportation) within walking distance over a large-lot neighborhood with a longer commute and limited walk able amenities or options for walking. The reality of higher-density development is separated from misperception in a booklet from the Urban Land Institute (ULI) in partnership with the Sierra Club, the National Multi Housing Council, and the American Institute of Architects. The booklet is entitled, "Higher-Density Development: Myth and Fact". The booklet dispels eight common myths and provides profiles of projects around the country where higher-density development has proved successful in creating livable communities. The book explores common myths surrounding higher-density development, such as: * Higher-density development overburdens public schools and other public services. * Higher-density requires more infrastructure support systems. * Higher-density developments lower property values in surrounding areas. * Higher-density development creates more regional traffic congestion and parking problems. * Higher-density development leads to higher crime rates. * Higher-density development is environmentally more destructive than lower-density development. * Higher-density development is unattractive. * No one in suburban areas wants higher-density development. * Higher-density development is only for lower-income households. BR> Source: http://www.uli.org

Answer 78

C(Safe Routes to School Initiative ). The Safe Routes to School Initiative is an attempt to overcome the physical and psychological barriers between school and home and give children more freedom to a healthier lifestyle. According to the Federal Highway Administration in 1969 about half of all children ages 5 to 18 either biked or walked to school. By 2001, close to 85% of all children between 5 and 15 were either driven to school by a bus or by a parent. The reasons are because the journey between school and the home has become longer and much more dangerous due to the auto-orientated suburbanization. Source: APA Planning Magazine May 2003, "Planning Safe Routes to School" by Bruce S. Appleyard, AICP, page 34.

Answer 79

C(The number of landfills is decreasing). According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the total number of landfills across the country has decreased from 8,000 to 2,500. This is because of the fact that many cities are closing local landfills due to the high costs of complying with environmental regulations. Another reason is that increasingly, a mobilized citizenry speaks up loudly against living near a landfill. A result of this trend, New York City for the first time ever, will export all of it's waste. Source: APA Planning Magazine, November 2001, "Reprieve for Fresh Kills" by Andrew Friedman, page 4.

Answer 80

B(Aaron Wildavsky). Aaron Wildavsky is credited with this quote to describe budgeting. "a budget...may be characterized as a series of goals with price tags attached. Since funds are limited and have to be divided in one way or another, the budget becomes a mechanism for making choices among alternative expenditures." Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Budgeting" by Dale F. Bertsch, AICP, Department of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1989 Department of City and Regional Planning, pages 199-205.

Answer 81

C(1,3). In 1928, construction of Radburn, New Jersey, began. Planned community inspired by Howard's Garden City concept and designed by Stein and Wright. A forerunner of the New Deal's Greenbelt towns. Source:www.planning.org

Answer 82

A(Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr.). Frederick Law Olmsted (1822-1903), was a renowned landscape architect and designed many public parks. Among them was New York's Central Park, whose co-designer was Calvert Vaux. Olmsted's son and namesake, Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. (1870-1957), also a landscape architect, designed Forest Hills Gardens, one of the first U.S. suburbs to follow the principles of the English Garden City movement. The younger Olmsted later helped found the American City Planning Institute. Source:www.planning.org

Answer 83

C(3). In Section B, "Our Rules of Conduct", the APA states the following in point 3. "We shall not accept an assignment from a client or employer to publicly advocate a position on a planning issue that is indistinguishably adverse to a position we publicly advocated for a previous client or employer within the past three (3) years +unless (A) we determine in good faith after consultation with other qualified professionals that our change of position will not cause present detriment to our previous client or employer, and (B) we make full written disclosure of the conflict to our current client or employer and receive written permission to proceed with the assignment." Source: www.planning.org.

Answer 84

D(driving). Source: APA Planning Magazine October 2001, "Above and Beyond: Fighting Small Town Sprawl" by Julie Campoli, Elizabeth Humstone, and Alex MacLean, pages 4-9. American adults average 72 minutes a day driving.

Answer 85

C(You should attempt to meet with all groups that could be affected by the decision, and you should try and involve the shoppers. This could be achieved by doing an on-street survey.). Answer C, is the BEST option for you to follow. The Planning Commission asked a good question and you should involve as many people and a diverse group of people when making a planning recommendation. Answer D, would be acceptable on the surface, however, in this case, a significant set of users, weekend shoppers, would probably not be able to attend a weekday evening meeting especially if they are from out of town (and if they have to use a bus to get to Main Street, this is quite possible). As stated in the Code, Section A: Principles to which we Aspire: 1. Our Overall Responsibility to the Public Our primary obligation is to serve the public interest and we, therefore, owe our allegiance to a conscientiously attained concept of the public interest that is formulated through continuous and open debate. We shall achieve high standards of professional integrity, proficiency, and knowledge. To comply with our obligation to the public, we aspire to the following principles: (the following are those related to this question) a) We shall always be conscious of the rights of others. d) We shall provide timely, adequate, clear, and accurate information on planning issues to all affected persons and to governmental decision makers. e) We shall give people the opportunity to have a meaningful impact on the development of plans and programs that may affect them. Participation should be broad enough to include those who lack formal organization or influence. f) We shall seek social justice by working to expand choice and opportunity for all persons, recognizing a special responsibility to plan for the needs of the disadvantaged and to promote racial and economic integration. We shall urge the alteration of policies, institutions, and decisions that oppose such needs. h) We shall deal fairly with all participants in the planning process. Those of us who are public officials or employees shall also deal evenhandedly with all planning process participants. Source: www.planning.org.

Answer 86

B(A program offering commuters the cash equivalent of subsidized parking provided they use another means of transportation.). "Cashing Out parking means that commuters who are offered subsidized parking are also offered the cash equivalent if they use alternative travel modes. This tends to reduce automobile commuting by 15-25%, and is fairer since it gives non-drivers benefits comparable to those offered motorists (Source: www.vtpi.org - Victoria Transport Policy Institute)."

Answer 87

D(All of the above). In the United States, the first national wildlife refuge was created by President Theodore Roosevelt. Pelican Island was created on March 14, 1903. Pelican Island is a small island in Florida's Indian River. Pelican Island supported the only remaining nesting colony of brown pelicans and became the first federal bird reservation as well. By the end of his presidency in 1909, Roosevelt had set aside 53 biological survey reservations. His vision has now grown to 541 refuges which total more than 94 million acres. Source: APA Planning Magazine, April 2003, "Taking Refuge" by John Slown, AICP, page 22.

Answer 88

C(The power to make Zoning Decisions). The governing body, called the City Council, or town board, has the most responsibility and power for zoning decisions. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Development Regulations" by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 145.

Answer 89

B(Regression Analysis ). Regression Analysis could be described as a statistical technique that provides an estimate of one variable based upon a linear function of another variable. The coefficient varies between 0 and 1 and shows the percentage of the variance in the dependent variable shown by the independent variable. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Quantitative Methods", page 163, 2002 Version.

Answer 90

B(A liquid formed by water percolating through a landfill). A liquid formed by water percolating through soil or soluble waste as in a landfill. Source: www.uwsp.edu

Answer 91

B(source of water). There were several changes to the housing data items included in Census 2000 from the 1990 Census. Questions asked in the 1990 Census on condominium status, source of water, and sewage disposal were removed from Census 2000. Source:http://www.knowledgeplex.org

Answer 92

B(President Roosevelt ). Following the stock market crash of 1929 and the subsequent economic depression, there was great demand both for affordable housing and employment for workers who had lost their jobs. In response the Resettlement Administration, created in 1935 by President Roosevelt, brought about a total of three greenbelt towns: Greenbelt, Maryland; Greenhills, Ohio; and Greendale, Wisconsin. These towns contained many of the elements of the Garden City Movement developments, including the use of superblocks and a "greenbelt" of undeveloped land surrounding the community.

Answer 93

C(Peter Drucker). In 1954, Peter Drucker is credited with creating the management technique called MBO (Management by Objective). It is a system that encourages mutual collaboration and cooperation in the achievement of organizational purposes. It is a goal and objective setting process between the administrator and his/her employees. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Budgeting" by Dale F. Bertsch, AICP, Department of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1989 Department of City and Regional Planning, pages 199-205.

Answer 94

C(Cone of Depression ). The Cone of Depression is the zone that is normally saturated around a well in an aquifer that is unconfined. The zone then becomes unsaturated when the well is pumped. This causes the area where the water table is located to “dip”. This “dip” often resembles the shape of a cone. Source: www.uwsp.edu

Answer 95

C(Normal Distribution). Normal Distribution is a probability distribution that is symmetrical around the mean. It is bell shaped and when with a standardized relationship between the mean and variance is called a score. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Quantitative Methods", page 163, 2002 Version.

Answer 96

A(City of Renton v. Playtime Theaters Inc. ). The respondents purchased two theaters with the intention of exhibiting adult films and, at about the same time, filed suit in Federal District Court, seeking injunctive relief and a declaratory judgment that the First and Fourteenth Amendments were violated by a city ordinance that prohibits adult motion picture theaters from locating within 1,000 feet of any residential zone, church, park, or school. It was found that the ordinance is a valid governmental response to the serious problems created by adult theaters and it was found not to go against the First Amendment. Source: www2.law.cornell.edu.

Answer 97

B(79.6). In 2000, it was estimated that there were 281,421,906 living in the United States on 3,537,441 square miles. Therefore, 79.6 people per square mile. Source: http://www.infoplease.com

Answer 98

A(Comprehensive Plan). A comprehensive plan in its broadest sense is a document that provides a community with a reference for how development can best be accomplished at present and into the future. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Comprehensive Planning" by Joanne Garnett, AICP, American Planning Association, Boise, ID. Page 59.

Answer 99

C(South). Source, APA Planning Magazine, June 2001, "Fat City's" by Christine Kreyling, pages 4-9. A summary of this article can be found in the "Other Resources" section of this site.

Answer 100

C(what occurs when time needs to be made up on a planning project). In Clark’s book entitled, “Project Management for Planners: A Practical Guide”, he discusses Fast Tracking. This occurs when time is needed to be made up on a planning project. This could be accomplished by running more than one task at the same time to speed up the schedule. Before implementing this technique, especially on larger projects, one should ask the following questions: a) what tasks can run at the same time? b) Is there enough staff? c) Are there any impacts to the other tasks? Source: “Project Management for Planners: A Practical Guide”, by Terry A. Clark, AICP, PMP, APA Planners Press, Chicago, IL, 2002, pages 90-91.

Answer 101

C(Scatter ). A scatter graph lets you plot data points based on two independent variables. Source: www.graphicsserver.com

Answer 102

B(UDAG). The Urban Development Action Grant Program (UDAG) and pronounced You-Dag, was authorized under the 1977 amendments to the 1974 Housing and Community Development Act. It was placed within the jurisdiction of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (USHUD). The UDAG program was seen as a complement to the revised Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program. Source:www.http://personalweb.smcvt.edu

Answer 103

B(1,3). A flood in 1998 opened a lot of eyes in San Antonio and resulted in a focus on stormwater management issues. It was a serious flood that led San Antonio into a floodplain management strategy using buyouts and regulatory floodplain preservation where before it had relied almost solely on structural alternatives and kept away from regulatory controls. Now, new developments are responsible for stormwater retention and a new stormwater utility has been created. Source: APA Planning Magazine, November 2001, "Getting Out from Under" by Dave Pasley, AICP page 20.

Answer 104

D(Direct Services). Relating to a public planning agency, Line Functions deal primarily with direct services such as police and fire services. Staff functions deal with general services such as providing information or services to the Line units. It should be noted that Public Planning involves both line and staff functions. Source: "Management and Organization of Planning" by Louise Mercuro, AICP, page 104, from the "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP)", 2002 version, Chapter Presidents Council.

Answer 105

D(organized around the physical areas of responsibility of the agency). There are four organizational structures that are most commonly used. Organization by Function (organized around the basic functions of urban decision making such as land use, and transportation) Organization by Process (organized around the basic skills in a planning agency such as research, and design) Organization by Time Frame (organized around the time it takes to complete the basic functions such as long range, and current planning). Organized by Geographic Area (organized around the physical areas of responsibility of the agency). Source: "Management and Organization of Planning" by Louise Mercuro, AICP, page 108, from the "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP)", 2002 version, Chapter Presidents Council.

Answer 106

A(Step Down). The step down method estimates population by breaking down the areas into a proportion of the larger area. In this example, Riverside has 8% of Centerville's population. So if the current population was 32,000, the population of Riverside would be 2,560.

Answer 107

C(You should further research the issue to determine the size and significance of the wetland. It is your duty to try and protect the natural environment. ). Of these options, the best answer is Answer C. Under the AICP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct, Section A.1. We shall not deliberately or with reckless indifference fail to provide adequate, timely, clear and accurate information on planning issues. Source: www.planning.org.

Answer 108

A(Making statements about a population based only on a part of the population.). A sample is a subset of a population. Many populations are too large to measure, or cannot be measured. Consequently statistics relies on sampling and using information from the sample to make inferences about the population. Caution should be taken when determining a sample to represent the entire population. Source: Terry Sincich, Statistics By Example, MacMillan Publishing, 1993.

Answer 109

C(Standard Deviation). Standard Deviation can be described as the square root of the variance. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Quantitative Methods" pages 162-164.

Answer 110

C(The U.S.'s largest trading partners). Source, APA Planning Magazine February 2002, "New Roads to NAFTA", by Ken Cottrill, page 32. LB Canada and Mexico are the U.S.'s largest trading partners. A business valued at about $653 billion in 2000.

Answer 111

B(281,421,906). According to the 2000 census, the total population of the US was 281,421,906. Source:http://www.infoplease.com

Answer 112

A(To achieve their smart growth goals ). Once a community makes Smart Growth strategies and goals, it often finds that it needs to look at ways to raise money to implement the strategies. Foundations across the US have begun to make smart growth and regionalism an explicit part of their mission and have supported things such as regional planning organizations to funding the actual construction projects. Source: APA Planning Magazine, November 2001, "Smart Money" by Michael Barrette, page 17.

Answer 113

A(stable flow, short delays and speed somewhat restricted ). Source: "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP", Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, "Transportation Planning" by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 156. See Figure 3, Roadway Level of Service Descriptions. Level B is stable flow, short delays and speed somewhat restricted.

Answer 114

C(these tribes and groups have a special, legal relationship with the US government ). There are more than 562 Federally recognized Tribes in the United States, including 223 village groups in Alaska. "Federally recognized" means these tribes and groups have a special and legal relationship with the U.S. government. This relationship is referred to as a government-to-government relationship. Source:http://www.lvccld.org According to the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA); which is responsible for the administration and management of 55.7 million acres of land held in trust by the United States for American Indians, Indian tribes, and Alaska Natives. The BIA says that there are 562 federal recognized tribal governments in the United States. Source:http://endangered.fws.gov