PP Exam 12 Flashcards

Question

According to the Highway Capacity Manual (1994), there are different roadway levels of service, which service level can be described as "very low speeds, frequent stoppages, volume is greater than capacity"? A) A B) D C) E D) F Submit Reset

Answer 1

D(F). Source: "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP", Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, "Transportation Planning" by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 156. See Figure 3, Roadway Level of Service Descriptions. Level F is described as having very low speeds, frequent stoppages, and volume greater than capacity.

Answer 2

B(source of water). There were several changes to the housing data items included in Census 2000 from the 1990 Census. Questions asked in the 1990 Census on condominium status, source of water, and sewage disposal were removed from Census 2000. Source:http://www.knowledgeplex.org

Answer 3

C(the size of a new home). Source, APA Planning Magazine May 2002, "Monster Houses? Yes" by Lang and Danielson, page 24. This is a trend in the housing industry throughout the country. One can look at "teardowns" in older neighborhoods, where the largest homes allowed on the lot are being built.

Answer 4

A(City of Renton v. Playtime Theaters Inc. ). The respondents purchased two theaters with the intention of exhibiting adult films and, at about the same time, filed suit in Federal District Court, seeking injunctive relief and a declaratory judgment that the First and Fourteenth Amendments were violated by a city ordinance that prohibits adult motion picture theaters from locating within 1,000 feet of any residential zone, church, park, or school. It was found that the ordinance is a valid governmental response to the serious problems created by adult theaters and it was found not to go against the First Amendment. Source: www2.law.cornell.edu.

Answer 5

C(cell towers). The point of this question, is that many find cell towers ugly, and as the amount or number of them continues to increase, there are options available to "hide" them. A company hides antennas in all kinds of places: rock formations, church steeples, saguaro cactuses, even a 90-foot grain silo near a shopping mall outside Chicago. Source: www.techtv.com

Answer 6

D(Image of the City). In 1960, "Image of the City" was written by Kevin Lynch. In the book, he defines basic elements of the city's "imageability" (paths, nodes, edges, etc.)

Answer 7

B(Serve the public interest). The BEST answer is B. Each of the other 3 answers relate to somehow benefiting the overall public interest. According to Les Solin, AICP in the Professional Practice Manual, "The planning process exists to serve the public interest. While the public interest is a question of continuous debate, both in its general principals, and in case-by-case applications, it requires a conscientiously held view of the policies and actions that best serve the entire community." Source: Solin, Lee. "Professional Practice Manual." APA, Chicago IL, 1997. Page 3.

Answer 8

A(the first American city to officially endorse a comprehensive plan ). In 1925 Cincinnati, Ohio became first major American city officially to endorse a comprehensive plan. (Alfred Bettman, Ladislas Segoe.) Source: www.planning.org

Answer 9

B(H-axis). An H-axis Washing Machine is a front loading washing machine, long common in Europe but not in the US, and uses a tumble action washing method. These machines have been shown to use much less energy and water, and are reported to cause less wear and tear on clothes. Source:http://www.energyguide.com

Answer 10

C(You and your staff are responsible for providing the Council, with clear and accurate data, they are the decision makers, you should continue to present your report as planned.). The BEST option is Answer C, your task was to present a report based on economic facts that showed if there would be a economic benefit for the land fill to be located in the City or not. Answer A would have you going against the data and therefore not presenting clear or accurate data. Answer B would have you changing your stance based upon the hundreds of protestors that showed up to show their support against the land fill. As stated earlier, your report was based on economics, and it is up to Council to weigh all of the facts. Answer D, would have you changing your analysis away from what the data clearly says, this obviously is the wrong thing to do in this case. Source: "Professional Practice Manual" by Les Solin, AICP, American Planning Association, Washington, DC, Chicago, IL, 1997, page 10.

Answer 11

B(1937). The 1937 U.S. Housing Act (Wagner-Steagall) set the stage for future government aid by appropriating $500 million in loans for low-cost housing. Tied slum clearance to public housing. Source: www.planning.org

Answer 12

B(1, 2). Source, APA Planning Magazine February 2002, "New Roads to NAFTA", by Ken Cottrill, page 32. LB Canada and Mexico are the U.S.'s largest trading partners. A business valued at about $653 billion in 2000.

Answer 13

A(Silent Spring ). In 1962, Rachel Carson's book, Silent Spring is published and wakes the nation to the deleterious effects of pesticides on animal, plant and human life. Source:www.planning.org

Answer 14

D(1990). Congress passed the core provisions of the Clean Air Act in 1970. The law was amended in 1977 and again in 1990 to extend deadlines but also to specify new strategies for cleaning up the air. The basic framework of the law and its public health objective have remained intact. LB In 1970 the National Environment Protection Agency was established to administer the main provisions of the Clean Air Act (1970). Source:www.planning.org

Answer 15

C(Olmsted and Vaux ). Source, fredericklawolmsted.com, Riverside Illinois has been considered the best example of Olmsted's idea of how suburbs should look. Riverside is a 1,600 acre community along the Des Plaines River west of Chicago, Illinois. Olmsted and Vaux took 2 years planning in, beginning in 1868. The idea was to secure enough space for recreation and to make sure that there were scenic areas available to all residents. To accomplish this, he preserved the floodplain and the river banks as well as two open areas of upland. The first act of construction was a shaded parkway to connect Riverside to Chicago. Also, Olmsted paid attention to the inner roads of the community making them as scenic as possible. He designed streets that followed the curve of the land and eased the grade of the slopes to fit his plans. He also avoided all uses of right angle intersections to create more public space, which was pleasing to him. He also decided that the areas between public streets and houses was private land with a public function and it was the transitional area between public and private. In the end, only 1000 acres of the land was developed, which meant the loss of one of the large open spaces that was envisioned.

Answer 16

A(Alluvium). Alluvium is defined as sediments consisting of sand, silt, clay, and gravel in varying proportions that are deposited in marshes or valleys by flowing water. Source: www.uwsp.edu

Answer 17

C(the subdivider's financial responsibilities for public improvements associated with the development). Exactions can be described as the subdivider's financial responsibilities for public improvements associated with the development. Examples of exactions include land or cash-in-lieu dedications for park land and new schools. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Development Regulations" by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 147.

Answer 18

C(6). In a recent study by the National Association of Realtors and Smart Growth America, 6 in 10 homebuyers said they preferred a neighborhood with a shorter commute and amenities (shops, restaurants, schools, libraries and public transportation) within walking distance over a large-lot neighborhood with a longer commute and limited walk able amenities. The reality of higher-density development is separated from misperception in a booklet from the Urban Land Institute (ULI) in partnership with the Sierra Club, the National Multi Housing Council, and the American Institute of Architects. Higher-Density Development: Myth and Fact. Source: http://www.uli.org

Answer 19

D(all of the above). On July 20, about 5,000 New Yorkers gathered in Manhattan's Jacob Javits Convention Center to participate in a modern town meeting called "Listening to the City". It was one of the largest public workshops ever held. To get participation, organizers used remote responders to get opinions from the public on rebuilding Lower Manhattan. Source: APA Planning Magazine September 2002, "Getting Lower Manhattan Moving Again" by Georges Jacquemart, AICP, page 4.

Answer 20

C(1,2,3,4). The key principles of the AICP Code of Ethics are that planners must 1) be responsible to the public. This would include looking out for all of the people that could be affected both positively and negatively from a project like a interstate extension or a land dump proposed in an area of the county. The planner must 2) be responsible to his/her employers and their clients. Unless they feel that their employers or clients are doing something illegal. Planners should also be 3) responsible to the profession and to their colleagues. This would include trying to do the best work they can, or even teach a class, to advance to the profession. And finally, 4) the fourth key principle would be planner's own self-responsibility. Source: Talking Ethics Version 1.0.0013Produced by: Crisanti & Co.Programming by: Ralph RussellTalking Ethics copyright American Planning Association.

Answer 21

B(5). These are the "big" five questions. (i) the environmental impact of the proposed action, (ii) any adverse environmental effects which cannot be avoided should the proposal be implemented, (iii) alternatives to the proposed action, (iv) the relationship between local short-term uses of man's environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long-term productivity, and (v) any irreversible and irretrievable commitments of resources which would be involved in the proposed action should it be implemented. Source: The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969

Answer 22

A(The elevator). Otis invented the elevator brake in the 1850s and by 1873, Otis elevators were in use worldwide. After 1875 "elevators became an essential part of office building construction. This new means of vertical transportation brought about a complete reversal of building operations and rental policies. The lower floors were no longer as desirable as they were in non-elevator buildings because the demand now shifted to the upper stories which were removed from the noise and dust of the street. The upper floors actually commanded higher rents." Source: http://www.officemuseum.com

Answer 23

B(All except 5). Victor Gruen stated that mixed-use centers should have the following objectives: 1) Reduced Travel times due to a strong “core” that will reduce the need for traveling. 2) Consistency with Market Trends that will be aided by population growth and congestion. 3) There should be more diversification of housing types and densities, opportunities for urbanity and self-sufficiency in mixed-use centers. We tend to see this in almost all regional development plans. In “Centers for the Urban Environment”, Gruen criticized how shopping centers were being constructed. Gruen called them “uni-functional” centers. He stated that these centers should be anchored by a wide range of functions, not just shopping. These are examples of “uni-functional” centers that Gruen argued would operate better as mixed-use centers: civic, performing arts, educational, and office centers. These centers typically have costly and complicated travel patterns, sterile environments, as well as unnecessary public and private financial burdens. Gruen’s home of Vienna, Austria, has a UN facility that is an example of how NOT to build a strong core. Source: Planning Magazine, June 2005, “ The Heart of the Matter” by Rodney E. Engelen, AICP.

Answer 24

C(Los Angeles). This article discusses how perceptions can be misleading when it comes to units per acre. USA Today reported that after ranking the Census Bureau's metropolitan statistical areas (MSA)according to the percentage of population living at densities over 1,000 per square mile. LA came out on top, denser than New York, Chicago or San Francisco. Source, APA Planning Magazine August 2002, "Dense, Denser, Denser Still" by Ruth Eckdish Knack, AICP.

Answer 25

D(houses constructed on a site). " A home that is "stick-built" is constructed on the building site, piece by piece. Manufactured and modular homes are not classified as stick-built because they are made mostly in the factory and then transported to the site. A custom home and a home made according to stock building plans may both be stick-built, provided that they are constructed on the land where they will remain. " Source: http://architecture.about.com/cs/buildyourhouse/g/stickbuilt.htm

Answer 26

D(all of the above). Over the last few years, the concept of "nodal development" has emerged in a variety of local forums as a means to better achieve goals for growth, transportation, and environmental protection. Nodal development helps increase the percentage of pedestrian, bike, and bus trips and also helps to reduce congestion by decreasing the number and length of trips people choose to make by automobile. The draft TransPlan (From Eugene) contains the following definition for nodal development: Nodal Development is a mixed-use, pedestrian-friendly land use pattern that seeks to increase concentrations of population and employment in well-defined areas with good transit service, a mix of diverse and compatible land uses, and public and private improvements designed to be pedestrian and transit oriented. Fundamental characteristics of Nodal Development include: design elements that support pedestrian environments and encourage transit use, walking, and bicycling; a transit stop which is pedestrian accessible within approximately 1/4 mile of anywhere in the node; mixed uses and a core commercial area so that services are available within walking distance (approximately 1/4 mile); public spaces, such as parks, public and private open space, and public facilities, which can be reached without driving; and a mix of housing types and residential densities that achieve an overall net density within the medium density range (at least 12 units per net acre). Source, Planning Department of Eugene-Springfield Oregon's Draft Transplan.

Answer 27

B(Census Tract). According to the US Census, a Census tract is a small, relatively permanent statistical subdivision of a county that is delineated by a local committee of census data users for the purposes of presenting data. Census tract boundaries may follow visible features, but may follow governmental unit boundaries and other non-visible features in some instances. Tracts always lie within counties. Designed to be homogeneous units with respect to population characteristics, economic status at the time of establishment, census tracts average about 4,000 inhabitants. They may be split by any sub-county geographic entity. Source:http://www.census.gov

Answer 28

C(a measure of dispersion around the mean). A variance is a measure of dispersion around the mean. It is calculated as the average of the sum of the squared deviations from the mean. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Quantitative Methods" pages 162-164.

Answer 29

D(Organization by Function). There are four organizational structures that are most commonly used. Organization by Function (organized around the basic functions of urban decision making such as land use, and transportation) Organization by Process (organized around the basic skills in a planning agency such as research, and design) Organization by Time Frame (organized around the time it takes to complete the basic functions such as long range, and current planning). Organized by Geographic Area (organized around the physical areas of responsibility of the agency). Source: "Management and Organization of Planning" by Louise Mercuro, AICP, page 108, from the "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP)", 2002 version, Chapter Presidents Council.

Answer 30

C(Peter Drucker). In 1954, Peter Drucker is credited with creating the management technique called MBO (Management by Objective). It is a system that encourages mutual collaboration and cooperation in the achievement of organizational purposes. It is a goal and objective setting process between the administrator and his/her employees. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Budgeting" by Dale F. Bertsch, AICP, Department of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1989 Department of City and Regional Planning, pages 199-205.

Answer 31

C(With the claim of a perceived taking). Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co., 272 U.S. 365 (1926). The Court upheld a zoning ordinance against allegations that the government took property in violation of the Due Process Clause where the ordinance reduced the value of the claimant's land by 75% (from $10,000 per acre to $2,500 per acre). Although Euclid involved due process challenges, the landowner alleged that the ordinance effectively took the property. The Penn Central Court cited this case for the proposition that diminution in value, by itself, cannot establish a taking. Source:http://www.communityrights.org

Answer 32

A(GI Bill). In 1944 the Serviceman's Readjustment Act ("G.I. Bill") was created. It guaranteed loans for homes to veterans under favorable terms. This accelerated the growth of the suburbs. Source: www.planning.org

Answer 33

C(stormwater runoff that is not any greater after the development of the site than before the site was actually developed). Zero Discharge standards or natural runoff is the velocity of stormwater runoff that is not any greater after the development of the site than before the site was actually developed. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Development Regulations" by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 148.

Answer 34

C(The power to make Zoning Decisions). The governing body, called the City Council, or town board, has the most responsibility and power for zoning decisions. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Development Regulations" by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 145.

Answer 35

B(considers requests for variances ). The Board of Adjustment considers requests for variances to the zoning standards of the community. The Board of Adjustment may also consider appeals from administrative actions in some States. A variance is a minor deviation from the specific zoning requirements. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Development Regulations" by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 145.

Answer 36

C(1,3). Western and southern cities grew the fastest between 1990 and 2000. In the same period, urban industrial centers in the Midwest and Northeast declined in population. New York remained the country's largest city passing the 8 million mark. Source:http://www.infoplease.com

Answer 37

C(Ambient). Ambient standards are for air and water quality relating to the quality of the receiving environment that is used to judge the overall improvements in the environmental quality. Source: Environmental Planning, by Steven Gordon, AICP, 1989, The Ohio State University.

Answer 38

C(Indicators Initiative). EPA's "Environmental Indicators Initiative" will improve the Agency's ability to report on the status of and trends in environmental conditions and their impacts on human health and the nation's natural resources. Using available data and indicators, EPA and its partners are drafting a "State of the Environment Report" that will address many of the public's frequently-asked questions and document the progress that the United States is making in meeting our national environmental and health protection goals. The Report will also address environmental issues which EPA would like the American public to better understand. Source:http://www.epa.gov

Answer 39

C(the value of a distribution that has the most occurring frequency). The following are definitions used in quantitative methods. The "mean" is the average of a series of numbers. The "median" is the value of a distribution which divides the distribution into two equal parts. The "Mode" is the value of a distribution that has the most occurring frequency. The "Range" is the difference between the lowest and highest score. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Quantitative Methods" pages 162-164.

Answer 40

C(III). Due to a narrowed travel lane, traffic circles can result in bicycle/auto conflicts at intersections. Below is a list of issues/benefits of neighborhood traffic circles as found on the Institute of Traffic Engineer's website (www.ite.org)

Answer 41

B(principal arterials ). Source: "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP", Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, "Transportation Planning" by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 155. See Figure One, Urban Systems. Principal arterials can be defined as serving longer trips, carrying the highest traffic volumes, and a large percentage of the VMT on a minimum amount of mileage while providing minimal land access.

Answer 42

A(Village of Euclid vs. Ambler Realty Co.). On November 22, 1926, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the zoning ordinance adopted four years earlier by Euclid, Ohio, was constitutional. The six-to-three decision in Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co. legitimized zoning as a way of controlling land uses. It also started a longstanding argument on zoning's pros and cons. Euclid was a tiny farming community on the outskirts of Cleveland when the village board approved the village's first-ever zoning code in 1922. The accompanying map divided the village into six use districts: single family, two family, apartment house, retail-wholesale stores, commercial, and industrial. Included in the residential districts were parts of a 68-acre tract along Euclid Avenue owned by Cleveland's Ambler Realty Company—land that the company had planned to sell to industrial users. The realty company, joined by 14 other landowners, responded to the code with a lawsuit, the first zoning suit to be filed in a federal court. They won that round, with the help of a more-than-competent lawyer, Newton D. Baker, a former Cleveland mayor and Woodrow Wilson's secretary of war. Federal district court Judge David Westenhaver declared in January 1924 that the Euclid ordinance was an improper use of the village's police power and thus was unconstitutional. Euclid attorney James Metzenbaum didn't give up. He appealed the decision directly to the U.S. Supreme Court, arguing that zoning was needed to protect the character of the community. Baker responded with a general attack on zoning. "To subdivide a municipality, to classify it and crystallize restrictions into laws, is to embed a fly in amber," he said. Just when Euclid seemed to be losing, Cincinnati lawyer and planning pioneer Alfred Bettman saved with the day with a friend-of-the court brief in which he contended that zoning was a valid form of nuisance control and thus a reasonable exercise of the police power. The argument won over Justice George Sutherland, who issued the landmark opinion favoring Euclid. Source: www.planning.org

Answer 43

C(The City of Los Angeles vs. Taxpayers for Vincent). The Los Angeles Municipal Code prohibits the posting of signs on public property. The appellee was the Taxpayers for Vincent, a group of supporters of a candidate for election to the Los Angeles City Council, entered into a contract with appellee Candidates' Outdoor Graphics Service (COGS) to fabricate and post signs with the candidate's name on them. COGS produced cardboard signs and attached them to utility pole crosswires at various locations. Acting under the code in question, city employees routinely removed all posters attached to utility poles and similar objects covered by the ordinance. Appellees then filed suit in Federal District Court against the appellants alleging that the code abridged appellees' freedom of speech within the meaning of the First Amendment, and seeking damages and injunctive relief. The District Court entered findings of fact, concluded that the code was constitutional, and granted the City's motion for summary judgment. The Court of Appeals reversed, reasoning that the ordinance was presumptively unconstitutional because significant First Amendment interests were involved, and that the City had not justified its total ban on all signs on public property. Source: www2.law.cornell.edu. In addition, it is worth noting that this case also continued on to the Supreme Court and the Court upheld the ordinance as constitutional.

Answer 44

A(The disposal of Federal Property by the US Government). Source, APA Planning Magazine, "Catching the Brass Ring: How to Acquire Military Land" by John E. Vranicar, Pages 16-21. The military is one of the largest landowners. From 1ac to 10,000ac. Some communities acquire them from the Department of Defense (DOD). • The Federal Properties Administration Act (1949) is used to dispose of Federal property. • When property is no longer needed, declared surplus, other federal agencies have the chance to bid for the property, if not, the General Services Administration sells it at a public auction, or if there are still no takers, transfers is at no cost. • There is a second way for a community to acquire military land. The Law also permits a land exchange. If vacate it can be a quick swap. If there is a military building than the community has to replace it for the military somewhere else. • There is a third way. The DOD can lease the land to the community at fair market rent. • A forth way. Special Legislation – ensures property is conveyed to local community and no one else. • Santa Barbara – Special Legislation – bought back from the navy (at the cost of replacing the building down the coast) a building along its waterfront. • Jersey City – Port Libertee Development. (Golf course/residential development and most of the land was owned by the military. • Phoenix – expansion of Sky Harbor International Airport. • O’Hare – expanded to build United Airlines HQ. Base next to it closed down if City would pay to relocate the air force facility to Scott, southern Illinois. In 1999, this occurred. • BRAC Commission (Base Closure Act)

Answer 45

A(a technique to find the optimum design solution for a project). Linear Programming can be described as a technique to find the optimum design solution for a project. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Quantitative Methods" pages 162-164.

Answer 46

A(involves plants and organic material that are burned, such as waste, wood and agricultural and animal waste ). Biomass plants burn organic material, such as waste, wood and agricultural and animal waste to produce energy. This clean, renewable, and indigenous energy uses two methods to convert biomass to electricity. Solid biomass fuels are burned in a broiler. The fuel turns to steam which is then used to turn a turbine generator to produce electricity. The second method involves gasifying the fuels to be burned and used as electricity. Source: http://www.energyguide.com

Answer 47

D(5.0 - 25.0 spaces per 1,000 sq. ft. of GLA). Restaurants have a peak space factor of 5.0-25.0 spaces per 1,000 sq.ft. of GLA. The source for this table is ITE, "Parking Generation", 2nd edition, 1987. Source: "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP", Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, "Transportation Planning" by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 159, Figure 6, Ranges of Generation Factors.

Answer 48

D(Hawaii). In 1961, Hawaii became the first state to institute statewide zoning. On some parts of the APA website it also states that Hawaii is the first state to adopt state wide planning as well. I am not sure if they mean this to be the same or not, but I would just keep this in mind that Hawaii was the first to do state wide (either zoning or planning) if it is ever asked on the exam. Source: www.planning.org

Answer 49

B(Adopt statewide land-use zoning ). In 1961, Hawaii became the first state to institute statewide zoning. Source: www.planning.org

Answer 50

A(an underground bed or stratum of earth, gravel or porous stone that contains water ). An Aquifer is an underground bed or stratum of earth, gravel or porous stone that contains water. Source: http://www.epa.gov

Answer 51

B(unstable flow, near capacity, limited speed, and very long delays). Source: "Transportation Planning" by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 156. See Figure 3, Roadway Level of Service Descriptions. Level E is unstable flow, near capacity, limited speed, and very long delays

Answer 52

C(The first Regional Planning Commission ). In 1922 the Los Angeles County Regional Planning Commission was created the first of its kind in the United States. Hugh Pomeroy was the head of staff. Source:www.planning.org

Answer 53

A(Transit Use increased 20%). Increased investment in transit has begun to pay off in ridership trends in the United States. Between 1997 and 2001, transit use increased 20 percent. In comparison, this was outpacing a 12 percent growth in driving during this period. Source: Multifamily Trends - Winter 2005 - Features The Match Game: Bringing Together Affordable Housing and Transit Villages: By Marilee Utter Source: http://www.uli.org

Answer 54

A(a shallow pond where sunlight, bacterial action, and oxygen work to purify wastewater ). A Lagoon is a shallow pond where sunlight, bacterial action, and oxygen work to purify wastewater and is also used for storage of wastewater or spent nuclear fuel rods. A lagoon can also be described as a shallow body of water that is often separated from the sea by coral reefs or sandbars. Source: http://www.epa.gov

Answer 55

B(banning commercial off-site billboards and therefore dealt with the First Amendment of the United States). The City of San Diego enacted an ordinance which imposes prohibitions on the erection of outdoor advertising displays within the city. The purpose of the ordinance is "to eliminate hazards to pedestrians and motorists brought about by distracting sign displays" and "to preserve and improve the appearance of the City." The ordinance permits on-site commercial advertising, but forbids other commercial advertising and noncommercial advertising using fixed-structure signs, unless permitted by 1 of the ordinance's 12 specified exceptions, such as temporary political campaign signs. The companies that were engaged in the outdoor advertising business in the city when the ordinance was passed, brought suit in state court against the ordinance. The trial court held that the ordinance was an unconstitutional exercise of the city's police power and an abridgment of appellants' First Amendment rights. The California Court of Appeal affirmed, but the California Supreme Court reversed, holding, inter alia, that the ordinance was not invalid under the First Amendment. Source: www2.law.cornell.edu

Answer 56

A(a major thoroughfare of both local and regional significance that is designed to provide perimeter access to smaller local streets ). An arterial road is a major thoroughfare of both local and regional significance designed to provide perimeter access to smaller local street systems. Source:http://www.ci.southlake.tx.us

Answer 57

C(The term greenway). The term greenway was popularly used by William H. Whyte in the late 1960's. Greenway can be defined as a major multiuse urban corridor. The author of the Planning Magazine article, Mr. Robert Searns, says that the greenway concept was probably first applied in Denver, Colorado. Source: APA Planning Magazine, January 2003, "Happy Trails", by Robert M. Searns, AICP, page 36. William H. Whyte (1917-1999) is considered the mentor for Project for Public Spaces. His seminal work in the study of human behavior in urban settings is the main reason for this. Initially, William H. Whyte studied issues of urban planning and design, until 1969, when he assisted the New York City Planning Commission in drafting a comprehensive plan. While working with the Commission, he came to wonder how these newly planned spaces were actually working out. No one had ever researched this before. He applied for and received a grant to study the street life in New York (and other cities) in what became known as the Street Life Project. With a bunch of young research assistants, camera and notebook in hand, he conducted pioneering studies on pedestrian behavior and breakthrough research on city dynamics. Source: www.pps.org

Answer 58

B(1,2,3). These are the three main functions of taxes. 1)redistribute income 2)creating revenues to finance government goods and services 3)When overall demand is large, reduction of income and spending. They can be generalized as the redistributive, the revenue, and the fiscal policy functions of taxation. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Budgeting" by Dale F. Bertsch, AICP, Department of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1989 Department of City and Regional Planning, pages 199-205.

Answer 59

A(A method of reviewing project alternatives by weighing alternatives according to the citizen group's goals). A Goals-achievement Matrix can be defined as a method of assessing project alternatives by weighing these alternatives according to a group of citizen goals. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Citizen Participation in Planning" by Terry Langlois, AICP, Memphis TN, page 136.

Answer 60

D(1, 2, 3). Source, APA Planning Magazine April 2002, "What Difference has the ADA Made?" by Terry S. Szold, page 12. Universal Design involves making our homes and cities accessible to all people.

Answer 61

D(Sir Ebenezer Howard). Sir Ebenezer Howard wrote Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform in 1898.

Answer 62

A(dedication must be "roughly proportional" ). Dolan v. City of Tigard, 512 U.S. 374 (1994). Dolan sought a permit to expand a retail store and paved parking lot. Because the expansion would increase flood risks and traffic congestion, the city conditioned the permit on a dedication of land for use as a public greenway to minimize flooding and as a bike and walking path to reduce street traffic. Although the Court determined that the dedication requirement met the Nollan nexus test, the Court ruled that to survive scrutiny under the Takings Clause, the dedication must be "roughly proportional" to the expected impact of the proposed development. Source:http://www.communityrights.org

Answer 63

C(City Beautiful ). Some of the deficiencies of the City Beautiful Movement are that it catered to an upper class, it's beautification and adornment had limited practicality, and public investment was needed for its parks and boulevards, and this was not always available to cities. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Planning History Summary" by John M. Janson, AICP, PDO, Utah Chapter, APA, West Valley City, UT., page 70.

Answer 64

A(historic preservation). In 1896 the United States v. Gettysburg Electric Railway Co. was the first significant legal case concerning historic preservation. The U.S. Supreme Court rules that the acquisition of the national battlefield at Gettysburg served a valid public purpose. Source:www.planning.org

Answer 65

C(4). A TSM action is not the construction of a new freeway, but it may be the use of a freeway shoulder as an added traffic lane during peak traffic flow conditions. TSM examples include using traffic signals at freeway on-ramps to meter traffic, improving existing signal timings, and using changeable message signs (ahead traffic condition information), lane control signs, and changeable speed signs. Source: http://www.dot.state.tx.us

Answer 66

D(Standard State Zoning Enabling Act). In, 1924, The U.S. Department of Commerce issued the Standard State Enabling Act. Also, a state’s planning enabling legislation is one of the most important factors in determining how hazard mitigation can be implemented in a particular state. And, it also affects how the Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) is implemented and provides the framework for all state and local planning programs and implementing mechanisms. Source: www.csc.noaa.gov

Answer 67

C(Berman v. Parker). Berman v. Parker, 348 U.S. 26 (1954). The federal District of Columbia Redevelopment Act (1945) created a program to redevelop substandard housing and blighted areas in Washington, D.C. The Act created the Redevelopment Land Agency. This Act had the power of eminent domain to acquire real property as part of the redevelopment program. Berman, the owner of a department store, argued that the government could not acquire his property through eminent domain because the property would be redeveloped for private use and therefore violate the requirement in the Takings Clause that any taking be for a public use. The Court held that the redevelopment of the District of Columbia was a public purpose for which the United States could properly exercise its power of eminent domain. The Court added that legislative declaration of the public interest is "well-nigh conclusive." Source:http://www.communityrights.org

Answer 68

C(Berman v. Parker). Berman v. Parker, 348 U.S. 26 (1954). The federal District of Columbia Redevelopment Act (1945) created a program to redevelop substandard housing and blighted areas in Washington, D.C. The Act created the Redevelopment Land Agency. This Act had the power of eminent domain to acquire real property as part of the redevelopment program. Berman, the owner of a department store, argued that the government could not acquire his property through eminent domain because the property would be redeveloped for private use and therefore violate the requirement in the Takings Clause that any taking be for a public use. The Court held that the redevelopment of the District of Columbia was a public purpose for which the United States could properly exercise its power of eminent domain. The Court added that legislative declaration of the public interest is "well-nigh conclusive." Source:http://www.communityrights.org

Answer 69

A(Metes and Bounds). The correct answer is Metes and Bounds. It relies on a property’s physical features to determine the boundaries and measurements of the parcel. This type of Survey starts at a point of beginning (POB) and from there, the surveyor moves around the boundary. The boundaries are recorded by referring to linear measurements, directions, as well as natural and artificial landmarks (monuments). Monuments are fixed objects that are used to identify POBs or boundary intersections and can be a stone, river, highway, or iron post. This survey always ends back at the POB. The words “more or less” are used in this type of survey because the location of the monuments is more important than the actual distance stated in the wording. Source: “Modern Real Estate Practice in Illinois” Third Edition, Galaty, Allaway, and Kyle, Chicago, Illinois, 1999, Chapter Nine.

Answer 70

B(Transect Planning). Source, APA Journal, Summer 2002, Vol. 68, No.3. "Transect Planning" by Andres Duany and Emily Talen, page 245. Transect planning is trying to create environments that preserve the integrity of each location along the urban to rural continuum. Rural elements must fit into rural locations, urban elements must fit into urban locations, similar to ecological systems where plants and animals live where it best suits their existence. Transect Planning could be a new approach to conventional zoning systems.

Answer 71

A(1868). The US first Department store was opened in Salt Lake City, Utah, in 1868. Source: http://www.infoplease.com

Answer 72

A(had the lowest population gain). Source, APA Planning Magazine July 2002, "Small Can Be Beautiful" by Popper and Popper, page 22. The 2000 Census showed that North Dakota had the lowest population gain of any state, and nearly all its recent growth has been urban rather than rural.

Answer 73

C(Harland Bartholomew ). Harland Bartholomew was born in Stoneham Massachusetts in 1889 and died in St. Louis in December 1989. He came to St. Louis in 1916 with the charge of creating a comprehensive plan for the city of St. Louis. In 1919 he was appointed City Planning Commissioner, and was the first full-time planner employed by an American city. In 1953, President Eisenhower appointed him the Chairman of the National Capital Planning Commission. In 1919, he established Harland Bartholomew and Associates and served as its chairman until his retirement in 1962. Source: Washington University Libraries Harland Bartholomew & Associates Collection. Source: http://www.library.wustl.edu

Answer 74

C(Vacant or underutilized lots of land, served by existing utilities ). Infill areas can be defined as vacant or underutilized lots of land, served by existing utilities (roads, power lines, sewer and water, etc…). Building on an infill site can effectively conserve resources (e.g., infrastructure) and preserve open space Source: http://www.nahbrc.org

Answer 75

B(A geographic border that divides precipitation amounts). The 100th Meridian follows the approximate line of a border known to geographers and climatologists as an isohyet. To the east of the line there is an annual precipitation of 20 inches and greater. To the west of the line, the area could be considered a desert, between the 100th meridian and the crest of the Sierra Nevada Range in California. Source: APA Planning Magazine, January 2003, "Rocky Mountain Dry" by Ed Quillen, page 27.

Answer 76

B(Working in metro LA and living inland 60 miles+/-). Source: APA Planning Magazine, February 2002, "The Inland Empire Strikes Back" by Fulton and Shigley, page 10. As many know the high cost of living in the downtown LA area has pushed the average worker to the far suburbs where homes are popping up at a more affordable price tag. These homes however require roads and utilities that are a strain on these areas.

Answer 77

C(Housing Act of 1954). The Housing Act of 1954 stressed slum prevention and urban renewal rather than slum clearance and urban redevelopment as in the 1949 act. Also stimulated general planning for cities under 25,000 population by providing funds under Section 701 of the act. "701 funding" later extended by legislative amendments to foster statewide, interstate, and sub state regional planning. Source: www.planning.org

Answer 78

C(You should attempt to meet with all groups that could be affected by the decision, and you should try and involve the shoppers. This could be achieved by doing an on-street survey.). Answer C, is the BEST option for you to follow. The Planning Commission asked a good question and you should involve as many people and a diverse group of people when making a planning recommendation. Answer D, would be acceptable on the surface, however, in this case, a significant set of users, weekend shoppers, would probably not be able to attend a weekday evening meeting especially if they are from out of town (and if they have to use a bus to get to Main Street, this is quite possible). As stated in the Code, Section A: Principles to which we Aspire: 1. Our Overall Responsibility to the Public Our primary obligation is to serve the public interest and we, therefore, owe our allegiance to a conscientiously attained concept of the public interest that is formulated through continuous and open debate. We shall achieve high standards of professional integrity, proficiency, and knowledge. To comply with our obligation to the public, we aspire to the following principles: (the following are those related to this question) a) We shall always be conscious of the rights of others. d) We shall provide timely, adequate, clear, and accurate information on planning issues to all affected persons and to governmental decision makers. e) We shall give people the opportunity to have a meaningful impact on the development of plans and programs that may affect them. Participation should be broad enough to include those who lack formal organization or influence. f) We shall seek social justice by working to expand choice and opportunity for all persons, recognizing a special responsibility to plan for the needs of the disadvantaged and to promote racial and economic integration. We shall urge the alteration of policies, institutions, and decisions that oppose such needs. h) We shall deal fairly with all participants in the planning process. Those of us who are public officials or employees shall also deal evenhandedly with all planning process participants. Source: www.planning.org.

Answer 79

C(can be created to provide a single service). In financing and budgeting, Special Districts can be created to provide a single service. Examples include schools, toll roads, or parks. They could be created to avoid restrictive government debt limits. Also, to finance facilities that serve more than one jurisdiction. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Budgeting" by Dale F. Bertsch, AICP, Department of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1989 Department of City and Regional Planning, pages 199-205.

Answer 80

D(Buffalo Commons ). Source, APA Planning Magazine July 2002, "Small Can Be Beautiful" by Popper and Popper, page 22. This article discusses the concept of removing the farms in the great plain area of the US and replanting native plantings along with allowing the buffalo to roam freely. The planning issue here is also the fact that the number of people living out in the great plain area are dropping quickly.

Answer 81

A(a means of allocating resources and creating priorities while defining competing interests and making choices between them). Budgeting can be defined as "a means of allocating resources and creating priorities while defining competing interests and making choices between them, as part of setting government policy on a variety of public issues." Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Budgeting" by Dale F. Bertsch, AICP, Department of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1989 Department of City and Regional Planning, pages 199-205.

Answer 82

C(the entire site minus the undevelopable land ). FAR requirements specify if they apply to net or gross land area. Net land area includes the entire site minus the undevelopable land (example the streets). Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Development Regulations" by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 145.

Answer 83

B(auto racing track). According to an economic consultant, the Chicagoland Speedway in Joliet has produced an estimated 2,000 construction jobs, 1,500 jobs, $35 million in annual wages, $300,000 in new tax revenue, and an estimated total impact of approximately $32 million. It was opened in 2001. Source: American Planning Association, Planning Magazine, October 2002, "Zooooom" by Mark Johnson, pages 8-13.

Answer 84

D(All of the above). Source: APA Planning Magazine, March 2002, "Planning for Heritage Areas and Sustainable Tourism" by Tonya S. Goth, page 4. The Confluence Greenway Partnership is a collaboration of 5 nonprofit agencies that are working to reconnect the St. Louis area to it's rivers. They have developed a master plan for an area of approximately 200 square miles. It's goal is to provide open areas that the public can use and enjoy while keeping existing agriculture, industry, and history.

Answer 85

D(the sustained flow in a stream that comes from groundwater seepage or discharge ). The sustained flow in a stream that comes from groundwater seepage or discharge. Groundwater flows underground until the water table intersects the land surface and the flowing water becomes surface water in the form of springs, rivers, streams, lakes and wetlands. Baseflow is the continual contribution of groundwater to rivers. Source: www.uwsp.edu

Answer 86

D(Median). This data set is skewed by the final observation (87). Therefore, the mean is not the best measure. The mode would report 41, which is also too low for the mid point. One-Tailed T-Test was written just to confuse you. Therefore, the median (44.5 - halfway between 41 and 48) is probably the best measure of central tendency.

Answer 87

A(MPO). Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) is an association of local agencies established for mutual benefit to help coordinate planning and development activities within a metropolitan region. Establishment of the MPO is required by law in urban areas of over 50,000 if federal funds are to be used. The MPO is not a level of government. However, the MPO has "effective control" over transportation improvements within the area since a project must be a part of the MPO's adopted plan in order to receive federal funding. Source: http://www.dot.state.tx.us

Answer 88

B(Suburbs becoming less diverse and less denser). According to the Urban Land Institute all of the trends have occurred within the United States between 1990 and 2000, with the exception of Answer B. According to the ULI, Suburbs are becoming MORE diverse and MORE dense.

Answer 89

A(1,3). Western and southern cities grew the fastest between 1990 and 2000. In the same period, urban industrial centers in the Midwest and Northeast declined in population. New York remained the country's largest city passing the 8 million mark. Source:http://www.infoplease.com

Answer 90

C(Scatter ). A scatter graph lets you plot data points based on two independent variables. Source: www.graphicsserver.com

Answer 91

B(The Intelligence of Democracy (1965)). In this book, Lindblom writes against the basic assumption that central control is necessary in a democracy. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Planning History Summary" by John M. Janson, AICP, PDO, Utah Chapter, APA, West Valley City, UT., page 80.

Answer 92

C(what occurs when time needs to be made up on a planning project). In Clark’s book entitled, “Project Management for Planners: A Practical Guide”, he discusses Fast Tracking. This occurs when time is needed to be made up on a planning project. This could be accomplished by running more than one task at the same time to speed up the schedule. Before implementing this technique, especially on larger projects, one should ask the following questions: a) what tasks can run at the same time? b) Is there enough staff? c) Are there any impacts to the other tasks? Source: “Project Management for Planners: A Practical Guide”, by Terry A. Clark, AICP, PMP, APA Planners Press, Chicago, IL, 2002, pages 90-91.

Answer 93

C(Metropolitan area). A metropolitan area is a city plus it's adjacent communities to which it is linked economically. Source: http://www.infoplease.com

Answer 94

D(PERT). Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is a scheduling technique. It graphically depicts the interrelationships of the tasks that make up the project. It is used to help control the cost and time of a project. Five main points of PERT are: 1)focuses of key aspects of program development. 2)identifies potential problems 3)facilitates evaluation of programming 4)provides a speedy reporting device 5)improves the quality management of the decision making. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Quantitative Methods" pages 162-164.

Answer 95

C(a vertical bore hole in which a pipe-like structure is inserted into the ground). An artesian well can be defined as a vertical bore hole in which a pipe-like structure is inserted into the ground. This structure withdraws water from a confined aquifer (artesian aquifer) Source: www.uwsp.edu

Answer 96

C(400). In January 2003, Metro Denver had well over 400 miles of interconnected trails and greenways and many thousands of acres of protected open space and the system continues to grow. The term greenway was popularly used by William H. Whyte in the late 1960's. Greenway can be defined as a major multiuse urban corridor. The author of the Planning Magazine article, Mr. Robert Searns, says that the greenway concept was probably first applied in Denver, Colorado. Source: APA Planning Magazine, January 2003, "Happy Trails", by Robert M. Searns, AICP, page 36.

Answer 97

C(Introduce a short term bike lease program called City Bike). To give cycling more of a boost, Copenhagen in 1995 introduced a short-term bike lease program called City Bike. The idea was to provide residents and visitors with on demand access to train stations. Source: APA Planning Magazine May 2003, "Green Connectors: Off Shore Examples" by Robert Cervero, page 25. The Bikes were designed to be durable, adjustable, and even economic. A sponsoring company's ad on its disk wheels and horizontal panel, the City Bikes are unmistakable in their appearance. For example, the seat-post is adjustable for the varying heights of its users. To cut down on costs and extra parts, the brakes work by pedaling backwards rather than requiring the extra components for a front and rear handbrake. The City Bikes were also designed so that their components couldn't be scavenged for use on other bikes because the components are incompatible with other bikes and one needs a special tool to disassemble the bike. Source: http://members.aol.com/humorme81/citybike.htm

Answer 98

D(An isohyet). The 100th Meridian follows the approximate line of a border known to geographers and climatologists as an isohyet. To the east of the line there is an annual precipitation of 20 inches and greater. To the west of the line, the area could be considered a desert, between the 100th meridian and the crest of the Sierra Nevada Range in California. Source: APA Planning Magazine, January 2003, "Rocky Mountain Dry" by Ed Quillen, page 27.

Answer 99

D(All of the above.). The Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act of 2000 (RLUIPA) pronounced Ree-Loopa) is a protection by the federal government for churches from local zoning. It says that local and State governments may not impose a land use regulation that imposes a substantial burden on the religion of a person or a religious institution or assembly. It also states that a state or local government must not treat a religious assembly on less than equal terms with a nonreligious assembly or institution. Source: APA Planning Magazine, April 2003, "Church vs. State" by Michael S. Giaimo and Dwight Merriam, FAICP. page 15.

Answer 100

A(program-orientated with long-range projections that emphasizes planning not budgeting). PPBS was developed in the 1960's. There are three main points of this budgeting technique. The first, it is organized by program instead of functional objects. The second, PPBS extends programs out into the future to look at the spending implications. And the third, all of the programs are put through quantitative analysis. A key point to remember, PPBS is focused on planning, not budgeting. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Budgeting" by Dale F. Bertsch, AICP, Department of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1989 Department of City and Regional Planning, pages 199-205.

Answer 101

C(the first National Conference on City Planning ). In 1909 the First National Conference on City Planning was held in Washington, D.C. Source:www.planning.org

Answer 102

A(Comprehensive Plan). A comprehensive plan in its broadest sense is a document that provides a community with a reference for how development can best be accomplished at present and into the future. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Comprehensive Planning" by Joanne Garnett, AICP, American Planning Association, Boise, ID. Page 59.

Answer 103

C(You can not dodge this situation, you should start by contacting the other planners to discuss the issue.). The first part of the discussion could be that as planners, we have an obligation to public/constituency to inform them of planning matters (Section A3) We should also keep in mind, Section C3, that we should not attack our colleagues. Section C: "A planner should contribute to the development of the profession by improving knowledge and techniques, making work relevant to solutions of community problems, and increasing public understanding of planning activities. A planner should treat fairly the professional views of qualified colleagues and members of other professions. Section C. 3) A planner who reviews the work of other professionals must do so in a fair, considerate, professional and equitable manner." It is a tough situation to be in, you need to work with others to handle this situation. Build advocates and have them help to take on this charge. You cannot dodge it, you have to take it on, you could even go to your legal council if you can. Once you find an advocate with the attorney's office, they could move forward from a legal perspective if there happens to be one. The APA Chapter of your area could also work on the this. We all have a right to try and take care of it within the profession. Obligation to further the profession (Section C.1) If your judgment is that this particular planning is staff is not competent, you should meet informally with them, such as at APA functions, you can make a contact that you can share calls with if they need assistance, and if you want to discuss issues with them. These contacts will be very valuable. Source: Talking Ethics Version 1.0.0013Produced by: Crisanti & Co.Programming by: Ralph Russell Talking Ethics copyright American Planning Association

Answer 104

B(Zero Discharge). Zero Discharge standards or natural runoff is the velocity of stormwater runoff that is not any greater after the development of the site than before the site was actually developed. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Development Regulations" by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 148.

Answer 105

A(eminent domain ). Berman v. Parker, 348 U.S. 26 (1954). The federal District of Columbia Redevelopment Act of 1945 created a program to redevelop substandard housing and blighted areas in Washington, D.C. The Act created the Redevelopment Land Agency. This Agency had the power of eminent domain to acquire real property as part of the redevelopment program. The owner of a department store, Berman, argued that the government could not acquire his property through eminent domain because the property would be redeveloped for private use and thus violate the requirement in the takings clause that any taking be for a public use. The Court held that the redevelopment of the District of Columbia was a public purpose for which the U.S. could properly exercise its power of eminent domain. The Court added that legislative declaration of the public interest is "well-nigh conclusive." Source:http://www.communityrights.org

Answer 106

A(1,2,3). The 1901 New York State Tenement House Law was the legislative basis for the revision of city codes that outlawed tenements such as the "Dumbbell Tenement." For this law, Lawrence Veiller was the leading reformer. Legislation was desperately needed to improve the construction of tenements. To this end, and spurred by the high death rate of the City-which in 1900 stood at 20.57 persons per thousand (compared to 33 persons per thousand in 1866)-the Tenement House Act of 1901 was passed. Many of Manhattan's leading physicians drew a link between tuberculosis and congestion in the City's tenement houses. Physicians attributed 8,000 to 9,000 deaths a year to tuberculosis, mostly in the poorest and most unsanitary neighborhoods of the City. Yet conditions in tenement houses may have been influenced not only by crowding, but also by the construction and use of the tenement itself. Hermann Biggs, the New York City Health Commissioner who waged a campaign against tuberculosis in the late nineteenth century, argued that while population density generally could be considered a good indicator of mortality, this did not always hold true for New York City. Biggs found that "in some of the wards where the density of the population is the greatest the mortality has been below the average, and in other wards with a relatively scarce population the mortality has been extremely high." All tenement houses constructed after the passage of the 1901 law were referred to as "new law" tenements. This most recent tenement house legislation reinforced the need for ventilation and light in ameliorating the morbidity and mortality that characterized life in the tenement house districts. Source:The Living City website.

Answer 107

D(only central interstate linking US, CAN, and MEX.). Source, APA Planning Magazine February 2002, "New Roads to NAFTA" by Ken Cottrill, page 32. The route is the only central existing interstate highway corridor linking the three NAFTA countries, according to North America's Superhighway Coalition, Inc. (NASCO), a trade organization that represents communities along the corridor.

Answer 108

D(bedrock ). Bedrock can be defined as “solid or fractured rock usually underlying unconsolidated geologic materials; bedrock may be exposed at the land surface.” Source: www.uwsp.edu The term bedrock may be somewhat misleading, since in many locations, the bedrock may change over a short distance. Or the technical bedrock may be a thin stratum overlying quite different rock. Source: www.answers.com

Answer 109

A(Baseflow). Baseflow is the sustained flow in a stream that comes from groundwater seepage or discharge. Groundwater flows underground until the water table intersects the land surface and the flowing water becomes surface water in the form of springs, rivers, streams, lakes and wetlands. Baseflow is the continual contribution of groundwater to rivers. Source: www.uwsp.edu

Answer 110

C(Organization by Geographic Area). There are four organizational structures that are most commonly used. Organization by Function (organized around the basic functions of urban decision making such as land use, and transportation) Organization by Process (organized around the basic skills in a planning agency such as research, and design) Organization by Time Frame (organized around the time it takes to complete the basic functions such as long range, and current planning). Organized by Geographic Area (organized around the physical areas of responsibility of the agency). Source: "Management and Organization of Planning" by Louise Mercuro, AICP, page 108, from the "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP)", 2002 version, Chapter Presidents Council.

Answer 111

B(Median). The following are definitions used in quantitative methods. The "mean" is the average of a series of numbers. The "median" is the value that divides the distribution into two equal parts. The "Mode" is the value of a distribution that has the most occurring frequency. The "Range" is the difference between the lowest and highest score. Source: "Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners" Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, "Quantitative Methods" pages 162-164.

Answer 112

D(urban collectors ). Source: "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP", Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, "Transportation Planning" by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 155. See Figure One, Urban Systems. Urban Collectors can be described providing both traffic circulation and land access with all land uses by collecting and distributing traffic to these geographic areas.

Answer 113

A(0.5 - 3.0 spaces per 1,000 sq. ft. of GLA). Source: "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP", Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, "Transportation Planning" by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 159, Figure 6, Ranges of Generation Factors. The source for this table is ITE, "Parking Generation", 2nd edition, 1987.

Answer 114

C(3). In Section B, "Our Rules of Conduct", the APA states the following in point 3. "We shall not accept an assignment from a client or employer to publicly advocate a position on a planning issue that is indistinguishably adverse to a position we publicly advocated for a previous client or employer within the past three (3) years +unless (A) we determine in good faith after consultation with other qualified professionals that our change of position will not cause present detriment to our previous client or employer, and (B) we make full written disclosure of the conflict to our current client or employer and receive written permission to proceed with the assignment." Source: www.planning.org.

Answer 115

D(All of the above ). The correct answer is all of the above. It was established on March 1, 1872 and is the first and oldest national park in the world. Preserved within Yellowstone are Old Faithful Geyser and approximately 10,000 hot springs and geysers. These geothermal wonders are evidence of one of the world's largest active volcanoes; its last eruption created a crater or caldera that spans almost half of the park. It is the core of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, one of the largest intact temperate zone ecosystems remaining on the planet. Source: www.nps.gov/yel

Answer 116

B(a discharge of pollutants into the environment ). Effluent is a discharge of pollutants into the environment, partially or completely treated or in its natural state and is generally used in regard to discharges into waters. Source: http://www.epa.gov

Answer 117

A(serving longer trips, carrying the highest traffic volumes, and a large percentage of the VMT on a minimum amount of mileage while providing minimal land access.). Source: "Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP", Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, "Transportation Planning" by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 155. See Figure One, Urban Systems. Principal arterials can be defined as serving longer trips, carrying the highest traffic volumes, and a large percentage of the VMT on a minimum amount of mileage while providing minimal land access.

Answer 118

A(1 out of 11). The actual number was nearly 1 out of every 11 residents in the US were foreign born - the highest percentage since World War II. Of the 22.6 million foreign-born residents, almost 1/4 of them arrived between 1990 and 1995. Source: Planning Magazine, November 1995.

Answer 119

B(Munn v. Illinois (1876)). The issue in this case was whether the regulation of railroad rates by the state of Illinois deprived the railroad companies of property without due process of law, put another way, the issue of public-private property/free enterprise v. State rights. The Supreme Court of the United States upheld the Illinois law because the movement and storage of grain were considered to be closely related to public interest. This type of economic activity could be governed by state legislatures, whereas purely private contracts could only be governed by the courts. Source: www.tourolaw.edu.

Answer 120

B(I, II, III). Primary data is data collected first hand, directly by the planner, directly from the subjects under study. Survey research, direct measurement, and observation are the three main techniques associated with primary research. Using census data represents secondary research, that is compiling and analyzing data that has already been collected. Source: Rea & Parker, Designing and Conducting Survey Research . Josey Bass Publishing. 1992.

PP Exam 12 Flashcards

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