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246 S2 > Health 1 > Flashcards

Health 1 Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

How do we account for variability in behaviours/health?

A

Individual differences

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2
Q

Cognitions represent our…

A

Beliefs/attitudes

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3
Q

Are cognitions intrinsic or extrinsic?

A

Intrinsic

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4
Q

Cognitions are a target for..

A

Interventions to change behaviour

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5
Q

Cognitions can explain activities that promote ________ and …..

A

Health

Prevent disease

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6
Q

__________ can explain activities that promote health and prevent disease

A

Cognitions

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7
Q

What do social cognition models describe?

A

Key cognitions & their interrelations in regulation of health and behaviour

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8
Q

What do social cognition models predict

A

WHO performs health behaviours

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9
Q

What do social cognition models target

A

Cognitive targets for intervention

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10
Q

What do health cognitions differentiate between

A

people who do and do not perform health behaviours

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11
Q

Continuum theories posit…

A

People likely to perform a behaviour based on a position on a continuum

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12
Q

A Likert scale is an example of

A

A continuum

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13
Q

What are two examples of Continuum theories

A

Health Belief Model & Theory of Planned Behaviour

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14
Q

Stage models posit…

A

People move through ‘stages’ towards behaviour

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15
Q

Example of a stage model

A

Transtheoretical model

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16
Q

The Health Belief Model believes individual representation of health behaviour (in relation to illness threat) can be divided into…

A

1) Perceptions of illness threat
2) Evaluations of behaviour to counteract the threat (benefit and costs of alternative actions)
3) Cues to action

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17
Q

(Health Belief Model)

External/internal cues involve…

A

Symptoms

Media campaigns

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18
Q

Difference between Motivational and Volitional stages of behaviour change?

A

Motivation - decisional/planning stage

Volitional - practical stage; changes being made

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19
Q

Health Action Processes Approach (Schwarzer)

A

2 behaviour change stages
Motivational
Volitional

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20
Q

Health Action Processes Approach (Schwarzer)

Motivational stage consists of (4)

A

Outcome expectancies

Risk perceptions

Perceived self-efficacy

Goal intentions

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21
Q

Health Action Processes Approach (Schwarzer)

Volitional stage consists of (4)

Study These Flashcards
A

Action plans

Action control

Health action

Barriers and resources

22
Q

Motivational and Volitional behaviour stages are components of…

Study These Flashcards
A

The Health Action Processes Approach

23
Q

Quinn et al., 2001
Safety Helmets study

What was the CONCLUSION

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A

Greater INTENTION = more likely to use helmets

24
Q

Quinn et al., 2001
Safety Helmets study

What were the control and intervention groups?

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A

Control = general helmet messages

Intervention = persuasive messages influencing beliefs

25
Quinn et al., 2001 Safety Helmets study Were intentions more positive in the control or experimental group?
Intervention group
26
Quinn et al., 2001 Safety Helmets study What theory was the study based on?
The theory of planned behaviour
27
Who conducted the Safety Helmets study and what theory was it based on?
Quinn et al Theory of planned behaviour
28
Harman's review of TPB health behaviour intentions revealed that...
TPB interventions only had small-medium effects on intention + behaviour
29
What did Hardman et al., (2002) identify as the three limitations of TPB health behaviour studies?
1) Lack of initial TPB studies 2) How can cognitions be changed 3) Lack of assessment effects on TPB cognitions
30
According to Webb and Sheeran (2006), does changing intention produce a change in behaviour?
M/L change in intention produced S/M change in behaviour
31
Webb & Sheeran (2006) revealed that a M/L change in intention only produces a S/M change in behaviour. What is this?
Intention-behaviour gap
32
Research (Sheeran) into the intention-behaviour gap looked at those who...
Intend to do a behaviour & whether they change it or not
33
Lots of people intend to change their behaviour, but not as many actually do it. What is this called?
Intention-behaviour gap
34
Sheeran (2002) identified FOUR types of people in his research into intention-behaviour gap
1) Inclined actor (intention + change) 2) Inclined abstainer (intention + no change) 3) Disinclined actor (no intention + change) 4) Disinclined abstainer (no intention + no change)
35
Inclined actor, inclined abstainer....
Disinclined actor, disinclined abstainer
36
Name one way of bridging the intention-behaviour gap
Implementation intention
37
What is IMPLEMENTATION INTENTION?
Specifying the when, where and how of what one will do
38
What is an example of an implementation intention? (x, y)
I intend to do X when situation Y is encountered
39
Breast self-examination study (Sheeran, 1997) - what was the method?
Women given either 'intention' instructions or 'implementation intention instructions' to check breasts
40
Breast self-examination study (Sheeran, 1997) | What were the results for the implementation intention instruction group?
100% actually carried out the behaviour
41
The relationship between the 7 features of a healthy lifestyle was so strong that they proposed...
Ppl > 75 who carried out all behaviours had health comparable to 30-40
42
The biopsychosocial model of health and illness holds the view that -
Health/illness results from the interaction of biological characteristics/psychological processes & social processes
43
______ approach to health explains illness in simple terms, and focuses on illness rather than good health
Biomedical approach
44
This approach does not consider the individual as responsible for their ill health
Biomedical
45
This approach to health considers all levels of explanation, from micro to macro level
Biopsychosocial
46
This approach to health does not consider illness the primary focus, rather the health/illness continuum
Biopsychosocial
47
Biopsychosocial approach to health posits that there is a __________, assuming that health and illness have many causes
Multi-factor model
48
How many tumours are due to unhealthy lifestyles and thus preventable?
43%
49
Health Inequalities Younger, wealthier and better-educated people are more likely to engage in...
Health enhancing behaviours E.g. good nutrition, exercise
50
Subjective norms are an individuals
Perception of the views of important others

246 S2 (18 decks)

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