Time Orientation and Health

Question 1

What is time orientation?

Answer 1

Tendency to be motivated by one temporal frame over another

Question 2

Time orientation is developed and reinforced over time, becoming a…

Answer 2

Cognitive temporal bias

Question 3

Time orientation is _______ and __________ over time, becoming a cognitive temporal bias

Answer 3

Developed

Reinforced

Question 4

Time Orientation is split into three temporal frames…

Answer 4

Past
Present
Future

Question 5

If you favour one temporal frame over another, it becomes a cognitive temporal bias that with chronic use becomes

Answer 5

A trait-like tendency

Question 6

William James suggested that we have a d…

Answer 6

Different self every day

Question 7

(William James) integration of temporally partitioned selves is a form of…

Answer 7

Self continuity

Question 8

Two major contributors to Obesity epidemic

Answer 8

Physical inactivity

Unhealthy diet

Question 9

Health behaviours are the prototypical…

Answer 9

Self-regulation task

Question 10

Self continuity is integration of t..

Answer 10

Temporally partitioned selves

Question 11

The ability to regulate ones behaviour is known as

Answer 11

Self regulation

Question 12

Self regulation involves making _________ choices

Answer 12

Inter-temporal

Question 13

3 behaviours that link time orientation to health?

Answer 13

1) Preventative health behaviours
2) Health-promoting behaviours
3) Health-risky behaviours

Question 14

Cancer and diabetes screenings, sunscreen use are all examples of…

Answer 14

Preventative health behaviours

Question 15

Healthy eating, exercise and stress management are all examples of…

Answer 15

Health promoting behaviours

Question 16

What is an example of a preventative health behaviour

Answer 16

Sunscreen use

Question 17

What is a health risky behaviour example?

Answer 17

Smoking

Question 18

Health-risky behaviours are _______ time orientation and _____________ orientation

Answer 18

Present

Low future

Question 19

Health promoting behaviours are _____________ time orientation

Answer 19

Future

Question 20

Health behaviour intentions are inherently _________________

Answer 20

Future oriented

Question 21

Preventative health behaviours, health promoting behaviours and health risky behaviours are all…

Answer 21

Inter-temporal choices

Question 22

Hall, Fong and Sansone (2015)

Cross-sectional study of BMI

What was the aim?

Answer 22

Researchers wanted to map BMI onto time orientation

Question 23

Hall, Fong and Sansone (2015)

Cross-sectional study of BMI

Pps with high levels of future time orientation were…

Answer 23

Less likely to be obese

Question 24

Hall, Fong and Sansone (2015)

Cross-sectional study of BMI

What was thought to explain the relationship between time orientation and BMI?

Answer 24

Health behaviours

Question 25

One study suggested that non-smokers have more future time orientation. However, this explanation is limited by...

Answer 25

Cultural differences

Question 26

Smoking behaviours are influenced by...

Answer 26

A number of different factors

Question 27

Smoking behaviours are influenced by a number of different factors For example, in China

Answer 27

Smokers are MORE likely to have FTO

Question 28

Temporal framing and Type 2 diabetes study (Orwell & Haggar, 2006) What was found from high CFC individuals?

Answer 28

More sensitive to distant consequences Both positive and negative

Question 29

Temporal framing/T2 Diabetes tudy. Which individuals were more likely to be... More sensitive to distant consequences Both positive and negative

Answer 29

High CDC (future-oriented)

Question 30

Why might time perspective be difficult to change?

Answer 30

Temporal bias that has developed over time through choice-reward framework

Question 31

Why might researchers try and sell to peoples individual time-perspectives rather than trying to change them?

Answer 31

TP's are very difficult to change as they are a temporal bias

Question 32

One study looking at message framing for health messages What was found for LOW CFC individuals (high in present) when the message was framed as immediate?

Answer 32

Intentions almost identical to those with high FT

Question 33

One study looking at message framing for health messages What was found for LOW CFC individuals (high in present)

Answer 33

When message framed as immediate benefits Intentions similar to high FT

Question 34

One study looking at message framing for health messages In what condition did present-time oriented people's intentions match high-future-oriented peoples?

Answer 34

When message was framed as having immediate benefits

Question 35

Don't change the time orientation, change the _________

Answer 35

Message

Question 36

We naturally and non-naturally assign ________ categories to help add more ________ and _________ to the flow of our experiences

Answer 36

Temporal Structure Order

Question 37

Time orientation is primarily linked to health via

Answer 37

Its association with health behaviours

Question 38

Zimbardo and Boyd (1999) believed that if you favour one temporal frame over another, ti becomes a...

Answer 38

Cognitive temporal bias