Cognitions are m…
Modifiable determinants of behaviour
Cognitions are modifiable determinants of behaviour, and so give rise to
Health behaviours
Cognitions are modifiable determinants of behaviour, so are therefore t….
Targets of intervention
Changed cognitions =
Changed behaviour
Volitional =
Voluntary/free will
The Rubicon Model of Action Phases (Heckhausen, 2007) has 4 stages…
2 motivational
2 volitional
Volitional phases are pre…
Actional
Motivational phases are pre…
Decisional
Quinn (2001) cycle helmet study drew from the theory…
Of planned behaviour
Quinn (2001) cycle helmet study
Intentions were more ______ in the ________!
Positive
Intervention group
Hardeman (2002) conducted a review of TPB health behaviour intentions, testing the gap between…
Intention
Behaviour
Hardeman (2002) tested the behaviour-intention gap. There were only 12 TPB based interventions.
What effects were found?
Small to medium effects
Three key problems with testing the intention-behaviour gap with TPB
- Lack of initial studies
- How can TPB cognitions be changed
- Lack of assessment on mediators of TPB cognitions
Webb & Sheerans meta-analsyis (2002)
Found that a med…
Medium to large change in intention = small to medium change in behaviour
TPB initially was very good at predicting behaviour. However, we are left with a gap. This is known as the…
Intention-behaviour gap
Sheeran (2002) looked at the intention behaviour gap, and identified 4 types of people
(1) Inclined actor
(2) Inclined abstainer
(3) Disinclined actor
(4) Disinclined abstainer
An inclined abstainer has
Good intentions
Does not follow through
Sheeran (2002)
53% of people who intend to act
Will act
Sheeran (2002)
47% of people who intend to act
Will not act
A disinclined actor has
Low intentions
Does change behaviour
A disinclined abstainer
Is not inclined
Does not act
Sheeran (2002)
93% of people who do NOT intend to act
Will not act
We can overcome the intention-behaviour gap by using…
Implementation intentions
Implementation intentions are broken down into (2)
Goal intentions
Implementation intentions
Goal intentions, e.g.
I intend to do X
Implementation intentions, e.g.
I intend to do X when situation Y is encountered
Stage-matched interventions posit
Match interventions to stage of change
Stage-matched interventions believe there is no point making plans with someone no-where near the action planning stage (e.g. at a _________________ stage)
Pre-contemplation
This intervention believes that there is no point using one intervention to suit everyone as everyone is at different stages
Stage-matched
Stage matched intervention believes
The majority of at-risk populations are not
Prepared for action
Staged-matched interventions believe that at-risk populations are not prepared for action, and so will not be affected by
Traditional action-oriented prevention programmes
An example of a stage-matched intervention is
Tailoring
(SM interventions)
Can’t use same intervention for everyone as people have different c…
Cognitive profiles
(SM interventions - Tailoring)
One study showed that tailoring was…
More effective in changing behaviour
(SM interventions - Tailoring)
Another meta-analysis looked at 37
Randomised control trials
(SM interventions - Tailoring)
Another meta-analysis found there was
Limited evidence for effectiveness of SM interventions for:
a) Behaviour change
b) Facilitating stage progression
Social cognition models: A critique
What is the predictive success like
Poor
Explain
Social cognition models: A critique
Alternative predictors of behaviour
- Extension of models
2. Neglect of important conditions
Social cognition models: A critique
What else might influence behaviour (b)?
Biopsychosocial influences
Biopsychosocial influences, i.e.
Behaviours involved reward-circuit
Social cognition models: A critique
Identifies cognitive targets but…
Doesn’t specify how to change
Social cognition models: A critique
There could be a ___________ to risky behaviours?!
Survival function
Social cognition models: A critique
SCMs too ______ to explain all health behaviour
Simple
Social cognition models: A critique
Some single mothers use smoking as a
Coping behaviour
Should we really change this?
Main limitations of the TPB
- There is significant variation across ___________, and __________ differ in their _____________
Behaviours
Components
Predictive value
Main limitations of the TPB
TPB is largely more successful in predicting behaviours under……
Volitional control
Main limitations of the TPB
TPB is less successful with predicting complex …. and
Risk behaviours
With younger people
Main limitations of the TPB
However, addition of other predictive variables ….
Increases predictive power
Falko, Presseau & Araujo-Soares (2014) believe it is time to
Retire the TPB