Time Orientation and Health 2

Question 1

Procrastination is ___________ associated with future time prospection

Answer 1

Negatively

Question 2

Procrastination involves the ________ and __________ delay of _________ tasks

Answer 2

Unnecessary
Voluntary
Intended

Question 3

Procrastination is ___________ associated with present time orientation

Answer 3

Positively

Question 4

Do procrastinators recognise that their procrastination may have negative consequences?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Procrastination is a _________ bound behaviour that has consequences for the _____ self and the ________ self

Answer 5

Temporally
Future
Present

Question 6

Central to understanding procrastination is

Answer 6

Short term mood regulation

Question 7

Procrastination is _________ mood regulation

Answer 7

Short term

Question 8

Why might procrastinators switch to a more pleasurable task?

Answer 8

As a means to relieve their negative mood state

Question 9

What do procrastinators prioritise?

Answer 9

Regulation of immediate mood/short-term mood repair

Question 10

Procrastinators put an ______ on future self to fulfil intended task

Answer 10

Onus

Question 11

Procrastination is a common _______ problem, involving the _________ and __________ delay of ________ _________

Answer 11

Self-regulatory
Unnecessary
Voluntary
Intended Tasks

Question 12

Sirois & Pychyl (2013) said that procrastination is a __________ ___________ behaviour that has consequences for the __________ and ___________

Answer 12

Temporally bound

Future self
Present self

Question 13

Tice & Bratlavsky (2000) said “procrastination is giving…”

Answer 13

In to feel good

Question 14

Do procrastinators think about the implications of poor temporal choices?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

Procrastination
We make choices across timeframes

True or False

Answer 15

True

Question 16

We procrastinate because we believe that future self…

Answer 16

Can take care of it

Question 17

There is a lot of ________ on the future self

Answer 17

Expectation

Question 18

The more we think of future self as distant, the more ___________ it is

Answer 18

Unattainable

Question 19

Sirois (2013) meta-analysis

What was the research question?

Answer 19

Is procrastination associated with poor HB’s because it is associated with time orientation?

Question 20

Sirois (2013) meta-analysis

What were the findings?

Answer 20

MODERATE-LARGE NEGATIVE ASSOCIATION between future TO and procrastination

Question 21

Sirois (2013) meta-analysis

What was the conclusion?

Answer 21

Procrastinators are not thinking about future

Question 22

Procrastination and future self perceptions (study 1, Sirois, 2014)

What did this study measure?

Answer 22

The extent to which people relate their current self & future self
- For number of choices

Question 23

Procrastination and future self perceptions (study 1, Sirois, 2014)

This study hypothesised that people who did not feel connected to their future self did not feel a sense of…

Answer 23

Self-continuity

Question 24

Procrastination and future self perceptions (study 2!!, Sirois, 2014)

The study found that procrastination was negatively correlated with….(2)

Answer 24

1. Health promoting behaviours

2. Emotional closeness to future self

Question 25

Procrastination and future self perceptions (study 2!!, Sirois, 2014) The study found that emotional closeness to future self was positively correlated with...

Answer 25

1. Health promoting behaviours

Question 26

Procrastination and future self perceptions (study 1, Sirois, 2014) This study concluded...

Answer 26

Procrastinators don't feel close to future selves

Question 27

Procrastination and future self perceptions (study 2!!!! Sirois, 2014) What was the RQ?

Answer 27

Does feeling distant from future self predict HB's?

Question 28

Vividly imagining and describing a future self could increase...

Answer 28

Future self-continuity | Motivations to change HBs

Question 29

Future self-continuity Motivations to change HBs ^ Asking participants to.... increased this ^

Answer 29

Imagine and describe future self

Question 30

As stress goes up, health behaviours...

Answer 30

Go down

Question 31

Procrastinators experience STRESS which activates a...

Answer 31

Stress-initated cognitive shifts focus towards IMMEDIATE CONCERNS

Question 32

Activation of brain areas involved in threat detection (2)

Answer 32

1. Fight or flight | 2. Goleman's amygdala hijack

Question 33

Threat/stress narrows our temporal...

Answer 33

Focus

Question 34

Threat narrows our....

Answer 34

Temporal focus

Question 35

Threat narrows our _______ focus

Answer 35

Temporal

Question 36

It's hard to think ______ and _______ when our temporal focus is narrowed

Answer 36

Broadly | Abstractly

Question 37

It is hypothesised that PROCRASTINATION leads to POOR HEALTH via two pathways...

Answer 37

1. Stress | 2. Health behaviours

Question 38

Procrastination is linked to _____ stress

Answer 38

Higher

Question 39

Procrastinators delay making medical appointments and experience a greater number of health problems. True or false?

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Do procrastinators engage in MORE or LESS health promoting/protective behaviours?

Answer 40

Less

Question 41

Future time orientation is thinking _________________ when you make decisions

Answer 41

About the future

Question 42

Stress Orientation Hypothesis

Answer 42

Stress cognitive shifts orient focus away from future Activation of areas of brain associated with threat Narrows temporal focus

Question 43

Stress Orientation Hypothesis proposes that stress narrows the temporal focus AND f....

Answer 43

Foreshortens the temporal horizon with respect to behavioural outcomes