Hepatitis II

Question 1

what does large form HDAg do

Answer 1

• suppresses HBV replication

- packages the HDV genome

Question 2

what does small form HDAg do

Answer 2

transactivating the replication of HDV genome

Question 3

what marker is elevated in Hep D

Answer 3

alanine amino transferase ALT

also high in Hep C

Question 4

what does infection with Hep D interfere with

Answer 4

activation of an early step in the JAK STAT signal transduction pathway

Question 5

how is Hep D diagnosed and control

Answer 5

anti delta IgM or anti delta IgG

control by controlling Hep B with vaccination

Question 6

treatment of Hep D

Answer 6

higher doses of longer duration of IFNalpha

IFNalpha destroys RNA which is the genome of Hep D

Question 7

which of the hepatitis has a high mortality in pregnant women

Answer 7

Hep E

Question 8

does Hep E develop into fulminant hepatitis

Answer 8

it is usually self limiting and very seldom does it develop into fulminant hepatitis

Question 9

treatment of Hep E

Answer 9

inteferon and ribavirin

Question 10

type of hepatitis caused by Hep G

Answer 10

syncytial giant cell hepatitis

Question 11

transfusion transmitted hepatitis

Answer 11

Hep TT and Hep C

Question 12

genome in Yellow Virus

Answer 12

flavivirus so +ssRNA

Question 13

where is yellow virus common and how is it transmitted

Answer 13

Africa - aedes aegypti mosquitoes

South America - haemagogus mosquitoes

Question 14

clinical features of yellow virus

Answer 14

within a week, abrupt fever, myalgia, prostration and it resolves in 5 days

Question 15

clinical features seen in severe yellow virus infection

Answer 15

fever, jaundice, bleeding seen with hematemesis, collapse

Question 16

how do you diagnose and prevent yellow fever

Answer 16

diagnose with serology or PCR

live attenuated 17D strain of yellow fever or control mosquito population

Question 17

clinical features of epstein barr virus (HHV-4) causing herpes

Answer 17

fever, atypical lymphocytosis

Question 18

how is HHV-4 diagnosed

Answer 18

• atypical lymphocytes/downey cells in peripheral blood

- slightly elevated ALP

Question 19

genome of herpes virus HHV-4 and HHV-5

Answer 19

linear dsDNA

Question 20

how is HHV-5 aka cytomegalovirus transmitted

Answer 20

urine, saliva, breast milk, semen, genital secretion

Question 21

how is HHV-5 diagnosed

Answer 21

• cytomegalic cells (owl’s eye)
• cotton wool retina (CMV retinitis)
• virus isolation from saliva and urine
• EM observation in urine
• RIA and ELISA

Question 22

what is cytomegalovirus resistant to and why

Answer 22

acyclovir because it does not have thymidine kinase to activate it

Question 23

what is used to treat HHV-5

Answer 23

gancyclovir and human leukocyte interferon

Question 24

organisms involved in bacterial hepatitis – though rare

Answer 24

leptospira
coxiella burnetii
brucella
mycobacteria

Question 25

what is leptospirosis

Answer 25

zoonosis in which bacteria comes from urine of infected animal like rats, cattles, pigs, rodents, dogs

Question 26

how is leptospirosis transmitted

Answer 26

contact with contaminated water after heavy rains or flood

Question 27

most common species of leptospirosis

Answer 27

leptospira interrogans

Question 28

what severe disease can arise from leptospirosis

Answer 28

severe weil disease

Question 29

hepatitis due to parasites

Answer 29

echinococcus multiocularis | echinococcus granulosus

Question 30

biliary obstruction due to parasies

Answer 30

echinococcus multiocularis echinococcus granulosus fasciola hepatica

Question 31

in echinococcus granulosus, larvae form slow growing tumor like structure laminated in a membrane called

Answer 31

hydatid cyst

Question 32

intermediate hosts of the echinococcus

Answer 32

multiocularis - rodents | granulosus - sheeps, goats, horses, camels, swine

Question 33

definitive hosts of the echinococcus

Answer 33

multiocularis - foxes | granulosus - dogs