Zoonoses III

Question 1

what is Q fever due to? and how is it transmitted?

Answer 1

Due to Coxiella Burnetti

inhalation

Question 2

reservoirs of Q fever

Answer 2

sheep, cattle, goat

Question 3

phases of coxiella burnetti

Answer 3

phase I: highly infectious with intact LPS

phase II: not infectious with truncated LPS

Question 4

symptoms in acute phase of Q fever

Answer 4

fever, chills, headache, rash, pneumonia, hepatitis

Question 5

symptoms in chronic phases of Q fever

Answer 5

most important is endocarditis

osteomyelitis, and encephalitis

Question 6

how to diagnose Q fever

Answer 6

IgM peak at 4 to 6 weeks

Question 7

virus in korean hemorrhagic fever

Answer 7

hantaan virus

Question 8

animal associated with koran hemorrhagic fever

Answer 8

deer mouse (most important) and rat

Question 9

what is the severe pulmonary syndrome in korean hemorrhagic fever called

Answer 9

sin nombre

Question 10

manifestation of Korean Hemorrhagic fever

Answer 10

interstitial edema, respiratory failure, death

Question 11

diagnosis of korean hemorrhagic fever

Answer 11

RT-PCR

Question 12

species of toxocariasis and the associated animals

Answer 12

toxocara canis - dogs

toxocara cati - cats

Question 13

how does one get toxocariasis

Answer 13

children typically who are exposed or ingest contaminated soil

Question 14

clinical syndromes of toxocariasis

Answer 14

visceral toxocariasis - fever, coughing, enlarged liver, pneumonia

ocular toxocariasis - larvae travels to eye and causes inflammation and scarring of retina leading to irreversible vision loss that is uniocular

Question 15

prevention of toxocariasis

Answer 15

• wash hands especially after playing outside
• kids stay away from contaminated sandboxes
• dispose of animal feces properly

Question 16

how does one get toxoplasmosis

Answer 16

• eating undercooked meat
• exposure to cats
• drinking raw milk

Question 17

how done one get immune to toxoplasmosis

Answer 17

getting infection then eventually building lifelong immunity via elevated IgG

Question 18

population most at risk for toxoplasmosis

Answer 18

AIDS - chorioretinitis (seen in others as well)

pregnant women because it can cause hydrocephalus in baby via vertical transmission

Question 19

how to diagnose toxoplasmosis

Answer 19

PCR

Question 20

ixodes tick bite is associated with what disease

Answer 20

lyme disease and bebesiosis

Question 21

organism in lyme disease

Answer 21

borriela burgdorferi

Question 22

what must be avoided if one has lyme disease

Answer 22

red meat

Question 23

why must one avoid red meat if they have lyme disease

Answer 23

lone star tick carries sugar called alpha gal (also found in red meat) and once bitten body builds antibodies against the sugar

so once someone someone eat red meat, there is an allergic reaction - Type I HS

Question 24

when is the most infectious stage of deer tick and why

Answer 24

during spring or summer because during fall larvae requires blood meal to develop into a nymph in which they stay dormant all throughout the winter.

during spring or summer, nymphs need another blood meal to become adults

Question 25

what in mammalian causes the activation of microorganism within the tick and what happens thereafter

Answer 25

the higher temp of mammalians activates the microorganism which then multiplies and penetrates the gut wall then spreads to the salivary gland of the tick

Question 26

what is seen in the various stages of lyme disease

Answer 26

primary: ECM - erythema chronicum migrans secondary: secondary annular skin lesions aka exanthems tertiary: ACA and CNS symptoms

Question 27

how does one see ricketsii

Answer 27

giemsa staining

Question 28

common symptoms of rickettsial infections

Answer 28

severe retro orbital headaches rash fever

Question 29

mode of transmission and reservoir of rickettsii ricketsii aka rocky mountains spotted fever

Answer 29

tick bite | dogs

Question 30

symptoms of spotted fever and what happens if left untreated

Answer 30

centripetal spread of rash - starts at wrist and goes to trunk then back down to extremities including sole of feet and palms of hands become fatal - DIC, vascular collapse, renal and heart failure

Question 31

microorganism in scrub typhus and mode of transmission

Answer 31

orientia tsutsugamushi | mites

Question 32

symptoms seen in scrub typhus

Answer 32

maculo papular rash that includes sole of feet and palms of hands, renal failure, hemorrhage, death

Question 33

species of ehrlichiosis

Answer 33

e. canis and e. chafeensis

Question 34

how is ehrlichiosis transmitted

Answer 34

brown dog tick

Question 35

what is ehrlichiosis often confused with

Answer 35

rocky mountain spotted fever

Question 36

specie of anaplasmosis and what transmits it

Answer 36

anaplasma phagocytophilum and it is tick borne

Question 37

animal associated with viral hemorrhagic fever syndrome

Answer 37

rats

Question 38

type of damage is seen in viral hemorrhagic fever syndrome

Answer 38

damage to vascular system

Question 39

four families of virus associated with viral hemorrhagic fever syndrome

Answer 39

arena, bunya, flavi, filo