HOE TEST 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Inflammation erruption of skin, occurs in or near sebaceous glands of face, neck, shoulder, and upperback
A
acne
2
Q
using oxygen
A
aerobic
3
Q
not using oxygen
A
anaerobic
4
Q
substance that induces state of sensitivity or resistance to infection
A
antigen
5
Q
glands that usually open into hair follicles. Found in armpits, near reproductive organs, around nipples
A
Aprocrine glands
6
Q
Smooth ,isc;e attacjed tp tje jaor fp;;oc;e amd der,os tjat raoses jaor wjem ot cpmtracts. “goosebumps”
A
arrector pilli
7
Q
The exclusion of bacteria and other microorganisms, typically during surgery
A
Asepsis
8
Q
A member of large group of unicellular microorganisms lacking organelles and an organized nucleus, includin some that can cause disease
A
Bacteria
9
Q
The rate at which the body uses energy while at rest to keep vital functions going
A
basal metabolic rate
10
Q
Develop in people who are bedridden. Compression of tissue and reduced circulation result in destruction of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, which later become infected by bacteria, forming ulcers
A
Bedsores
11
Q
Decubitus Ulcers
A
Bedsores
12
Q
Essential fluid made up of plasma and other elements that circulates throughout the body
A
Blood
13
Q
- Fibroblasts
- Macrophages
- Adipocytes
A
Cells of Dermis
14
Q
Specialized gland in the surface of the ear that secretes cerumen
A
Ceruminous Glands
15
Q
Common Sites For Nosocomial Infections
A
- Urinary Tract
- Surgical Wounds
- Respiratory Tract
- Skin(especially burns)
- Blood (Bacteremia)
- Gastrointestinal Tract
- Central Nervous System
16
Q
A disease communicated from one person to another
A
Communicable Disease
17
Q
Water, sodium chloride, small amounts of ammonia, urea, uric acid, lactic acid
A
Composition of Sweat
18
Q
Gradual healing (through rest) after sickness or injury
A
Convalescence
19
Q
The exchange of heat between objects in direct contact with each other. Such as the bottoms of the feet and the floor
A
Conduction
20
Q
The transfer of heat between the body and the air or water. A cool breeze causes air to move over the body, allowing body heat to be lost
A
Convection
21
Q
Forms the bulk of the hair. Consists of cells containing hard keratin. It is covered by the cuticle
A
Cortex of hair root
22
Q
The stages an infection goes through from the appearance of the 1st problem, through treatment, to its conclusion
A
Course of Infection
23
Q
A single layer of cells that contains hard keratin. The edges of the cuticle cells overlap like shingles on a roof.
A
Cuticle of Hair Root
24
Q
Projections that extend toward the epidermis that shape the overlying epidermis into fingerprints and footprints
A
Dermal Papillae
25
The protion of the dermis that surrounds the epithelial root sheath
Dermal Root Sheath
26
Inflammation of the skin
Dermatitis
27
Layer of skin beneath the epidermis
Dermis
28
Layer of skin beneath the epidermis containing blood vessels, nerves, and some glands
Dermis
29
To make or become wider, larger, or more open
Dilate
30
The act of disinfecting using specialized cleaning techniques that destroy or prevent growth of organisms capable of infection
Disinfection
31
Merocrine Sweat Glands
Eccrine Glands
32
Most common type of sweat gland. They open directly onto the surface of the skin through sweat pores. Most numerous in palms of hands, soles of feet, forehead
Eccrine Glands
33
They produce sweat, which cools the body
Eccrine Glands
34
Acute form of dermatitis usually caused by allergies
Eczema
35
Effects of Age on Immune System
1. lose ability to produce new mature T-cells in the Thymus
2. Primary and Secondary antibody responses decrease
3. Ability to resist infections and develop immunity decreases
4. The ability to resist intracellular pathogens also decrease
36
Blood flowing through skin has a reddish hue. An inflammatory response stimulated by infections, sunburn, allergic reactions, insect bites, exposure to cold and blushing or flushing, when angry or hot
Erythema
37
Composed of Fat
Fat Cells (Adipose)
38
External Epithelial Root Sheath
At the opening of the follicle, the external epithelial root has all the strata found in thin skin.
39
Change from liquid to vapor
Evaporation
40
Fingerprints
The dermal papillae, under thick skin lie in parallel, curving ridges that shape the overlying epidermis into fingerprints and footprints. The ridges increase friction and improve the grip of the hands and feet. Everyone has unique fingerprints
41
Superficial burns of the epidermis without blistering, but with redness and swelling. There is mild to moderate pain (sunburn)
First Degree Burns
42
A small bodily cavity or sac such as the depression in the skin from which hair grows
Follicle
43
Functions of Inflammation
1. Destroy agent causing injury
2. Limit effects of agent causing injury
3. Repair or replace damaged tissue
44
A single-celled or multi-celled organism without chlorophull that reproduces by spores and lives by absorbing nutrients from organic matters (ringworm)
Fungi
45
Tubular sacs that hold the hair fibers.
Hair Follicle
46
The shape of a follicle determines:
Shape of the hair
47
Lies beneath the surface of the skin
Hair Root
48
Protrudes from the skin
Hair Shaft
49
Heat Gain
The increase of heat gain within a given space as a result of direct heating by solar radiation and heat radiated by light, people, sun, hot sand of a beach, hot coal
50
Heat Loss
Physical factors that influence heat loss: radiation, convection, conduction, evaporation from lungs, skin mucous membranes; radiation to cool vegetation or snow on the ground.
51
An organism that harbors or nourishes another organism
Host
52
Of unknown origin (said of a disease)
Idiopathic
53
What may cause impetigo
Staphylococci
54
A pyoderma, or pus-containing, contagious skin disease
Impetigo
55
The development without sign or symptom of an infection from the time the infectious agent gains entry until the appearance of the 1st signs or symptoms
Incubation
56
Is the response that occurs when tissues are damaged.
Inflammation
57
Inflammation has 5 Major Manifestations
1. Redness
2. Heat
3. Swelling
4. Pain
5. Disturbed Function
58
Invasion of the body with organisms that have the potential to cause disease
Infection
59
Has raised edges that mesh closely with the raised edges of the hair cuticle and hold the hair in place. When a hair is pulled out this comes out and is visible as a whitish tissue around the root of the hair.
Internal Epithelial Root Sheath
60
Excessive billirubin in the blood causing yellowing of the skin
Jaundice
61
Hard, horny protein that forms nails and hair.
Keratin
62
An epidermal cell that produces keratin
Keratinocytes
63
Derived from precursors in the bone marrow. They are found primarily in the epidermis. They are believed to be antigens presenting cells involved in cell-mediated immune reaction in the skin
Langerhans Cells
64
Stratum Layers of Epidermis
1. Stratum Corneum
2. Stratum Lucidum
3. Stratum Granulosum
4. Stratum Spinosum
5. Stratum Basale
65
Cresent-shaped area at the base of a fingernail
Lunula
66
Glands on either side of adult female chest, with fatty tissue, and nipple make up the breast. Each gland is a network that produces milk during lactation.
Mammory Glands
67
Procedures used to reduce the number of microorganisms and prevent their spread (ex:Handwashing)
Medical Asepsis
68
Innermost layer of the hair compose of round cells, often absent in fine hair.
Medulla
69
The pigment that gives human skin, hair, and eyes their color
Melanin
70
It provides some protection against skin damage from the sun
Melanin
71
Cells that produce melanin
Melanocytes
72
Infections that are a result of treatment in a hospital or healthcare service unit.
Nosocomial Infections
73
First layer of the Dermis. Loose connective tissue (thin)
Papillary Layer
74
An agent that causes disease
Pathogen
75
Living Microorganisms
1. Bacterium
2. Virus
3. Fungus
76
The engulfing and ingestion of bacteria or other foreign bodies by phagocytes.
Phagocytosis
77
The coloring of your skin
Pigment of Skin
78
The route by which an infectious agent enters the body. They be cuts, lesions, injection sites, or natural body orifices
Portal of entry
79
The route by which an infectious agent leaves the body
Portal of exit
80
An alternate host or passive carrier of a pathogenic organism
Reservior
81
2nd Layer of dermis. Made of collagen and elastic fibers. (Thick) Dense irregular connective tissue. Strong, main fibrous layer of dermis. Forms cleavage lines.
Reticular Layer
82
New cells produced in the deepest layers. As new cells form they push older cells to the surface.
Role of Layers of Epidermis
83
The gain or loss of heat as infared energy between 2 objects that are not in physical contact.
Radiation
84
Role of the Papillae Ridges
The ridges increase friction and improve the grip of the hands and feet
85
Located in the dermis. Simple or compound alveolar glands that produce sebum
Sebacious Glands
86
Sebum
oil
87
Where is sebum found
Base of the hair follicle
88
Involves epidermis and dermis and involves blistering. The wound is sensitive to touch and very painful
Second Degree Burn
89
The complete elimination or destruction of all living microorganisms
Sterilization
90
Deepest stratum of the epidermis. A single layer of cuboidal or columnar cells
Stratum Basal
91
Basement membrane of the epidermis
Stratum Basal
92
Most superficial layer of the epidermis. Dead squamous cells. Provides structural strength due to keratin in cells.
Stratum Corneum
93
Layer of stratum that prevents water loss due to lipids, sloughs off superficial cells, resists abrasion, Consists of cornified cells (dead cells) with a hard protein envelope, filled with keratin.
Stratum Corneum
94
2-5 Layers of flattened diamond-shaped cells. Produce keratohyalin granules. Lamellar bodies release lipids from cells. (cells die)
Stratum Granulosum
95
3-5 Layers of dead cells. Appear transparent. Dispenses keratohyalin around keratin fibers
Stratum Lucidum
96
Stratum that is present in thick skin. and absent in most thin skin
Stratum Lucidum
97
8--10 Layers on many sided cells. Produce keratin fibers. As cells in this stratum are pushed to surface they flatten, break apart by demosomes. New demosomes form. They shrink from each other except where they are attached by demosomes. Causing cells to look spiny.
Stratum Spinosum
98
Not part of skin. Loose connective tissue with large deposits of adipose tissue.
Subcutaneous Tissue
99
It attaches to the dermis to underlying structures
Subcutaneous Tissue
100
Layer that is not part of the skin or the Integumentary system.
Subcutaneous Tissue
101
Subcutaneous contains what kind of tissue
Adipose (fatty)
102
Provides energy , storage, insulation, and padding
Adipose Tissue
103
Sudoriferous Glands
Sweat Glands
104
The exclusion of all microorganisms before they can open surgical wounds or contaminate a sterile field during surgery
Surgical Asepsis
105
Sterilization of all instruments, drapes and all other objects that may come in contact with the wound. Put on surgical gloves, gowns, and hand scrubs
Surgical Asepsis
106
The portion of the sweat gland that passes through the corium and epidermis
Sweat Gland Duct
107
Sudoriferous Glands
Sweat Glands
108
Found almost everywhere on the body
Sweat Glands
109
Diaphoresis
The excretion of sweat
110
Where do secretions exit the body
Sweat Pore
111
There is no cure or adequate treatment for these illnesses
Terminal
112
Involves complete destruction of skin, sometimes reaching into the muscle and bone and causing extensive scarring
Third Degree Burn
113
A burn that destroys the epidermis and dermis
Third Degree Burn
114
Third Degree Burns are usually painless because this has been destroyed
The Sensory Receptors
115
A chemical substance made by thyroid gland for export into the bloodstream
Thyroid Hormone
116
The thyroid gland needs this to make thyroid hormones
Iodine
117
2 Most Important Thyroid Hormones
Thyroxine (T3), Triiodothyronine(T4)
118
A condition of normal tension in a cell or groups of cells. Swelling or other distention
Turgor
119
A reflection of the skins elasticity, measured by monitoring the time it takes for the skin of the foremarm to return to position after it is pinched between the examiner's thumb and forefinger
Skin Turgor
120
Normal Turgor
Is a return to normal contour of the skin within 3 seconds
121
A white, cheesy substance that covers and protects the skin of a fetus
Vernix
122
What is vernix composed of
Sebum and cells that have sloughed off the skin of the fetus (vernix caseosa)
123
A microorganism that is smaller than a bacterium that cannot grow or reproduce apart from a living cell
Virus
124
Invades living cells and use their chemical machinery to keep itself alive and to replicate itself
Virus
125
Can cause many common infections or a number of rare diseases
Virus
126
Any of the soft-bodied, elongated invertebrates.
Worms
127
Some kind of worms that are parasitic for humans are
1. Hookworms
2. Pinworms
3. Tapeworms
128
Produces the hair in cycles, with a growth stage and resting stage
Hair Bulb
129
Nearly all the nail is formed by this
Nail Matrix
130
This system protects us from the external environment. Other functions include sensation, terperature regulation, vitamin D production, and excretion of small amounts of waste products
Integumentary System
131
This stratum consists of several layers of cells held together by demosomes
Stratum Spinosum
132
Cell death occurs in this stratum
Stratum Granulosum
133
This stratum consists of cells filled with granules and keratohyalin
Stratum Granulosm
134
This stratum consists of layers of dead, transparent cells
Stratum Lucidum
135
This stratum consists of many layers of dead squamous cells
Stratum Corneum
136
The transformation of the living cells of the straum basale into dead squamous cells of the stratum corneum
Keratinization
137
This type of keratin is present in skin and inside hairs
Soft Keratin
138
This type of keratin occurs in nails and outside of hairs
Hard Keratin
139
This is found only in this skin
Hair
140
This is determined genetically but can be influenced by ultraviolet light (tanning) and hormones
Melanin Production
141
What is an injested plant pigment that can cause the skin to appear yellowish
Carotene
142
This lowers body termperature
Sweat
143
Through dilation and constriction of blood vessels, the skin controls this
Heat Loss
144
Smooth muscles that produce "goosebumps" when they contract are attached to hair follicles are called
Arrector Pili
145
In what stratum do melanocytes produce and contribute melanin
Stratum Basale
146
Which layer of stratum produces keratin fibers, formation of lamellar bodies, and limited amount of cell division
Stratum Spinosum
147
Which stratum does sloughing occur of 25 or more layer of dead squamous cells
Stratum Corneum
148
What is the layer of dermis responsible for cleavage lines and stretch marks
Reticular Layer
149
What causes pattern baldness
Genetic Factors and Testosterone
150
Central axis of hair
Medulla
151
Forms bulk of hair
Cortex
152
Outermost layer of hair
Cuticle
153
Actively produces hair
Hair Bulb
154
Surrounds the hair as it grows out
Root Sheath
155
Visible part of the nail
Nail plate
156
Fingernail grows here
Matrix
157
When melanocytes stop producing melanin is causes this in hair
Gray Hair
158
Made of plates of hard keratin
Nails
159
Nail Functions
1. Protective cover
2. Helps grasp objects
3. Allow us to scratch
160
Surrounds the epithelial root sheath
Dermal Root Sheath
161
Holds hair in place
Internal Epithelial Root Sheath
162
Epithelial Root Sheath divided into 2 parts
1. Internal epithelial root heath-Holds hair in place
| 2. External epithelial root sheath-Has all strata found in skin
