HTHS 1101 Unit 12 Words for Brainscape 2024 - Full Word List Flashcards
(365 cards)
1
Q
abortifacient
A
substance that speeds or promotes abortion
2
Q
abortion
A
early termination of a pregnancy
3
Q
abruptio placentae
A
separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before birth
4
Q
abstinence
A
refraining from something (in this case, sexual intercourse)
5
Q
amastia
A
failure of breast tissue to develop
6
Q
amenorrhea
A
failure of menstruation to occur
7
Q
amniocentesis
A
sampling amniotic fluid during pregnancy
8
Q
amnion
A
one of the membranes surrounding the developing fetus
9
Q
amniorrhea
A
abnormal flow of amniotic fluid
10
Q
amniorrhexis
A
rupture of the amniotic sac (“breaking water”)
11
Q
amnioscope
A
instrument for looking inside the amniotic sac
12
Q
amnioscopy
A
process of looking inside the amniotic sac
13
Q
amniotomy
A
cutting into the amniotic sac
14
Q
anomaly
A
a person, structure, or process that is out of the ordinary
15
Q
anorchidism
A
condition of no testis
16
Q
anovulation
A
condition of no ovulation
17
Q
antepartum
A
time period before birth
18
Q
antral
A
ovarian follicles in a resting state and visible by ultrasound (i.e. 2-9 mm diameter)
19
Q
areola
A
pigmented area around the nipple
20
Q
aspermia
A
no sperm
21
Q
azoospermia
A
no living (moving) sperm
22
Q
balanitis
A
inflammation of the glans penis
23
Q
balanoplasty
A
surgical revision of the glans penis
24
Q
balanorrhea
A
abnormal flow (discharge) from the glans penis
25
Bartholin glands
glands in the female vagina that produce a lubricating fluid (analogous to male bulbourethral gland)
26
blastocele
fluid-filled cavity inside the embryo at the blastocyst stage
27
blastocyst
stage of embryonic development where the embryo forms a fluid-filled cavity (about 5-6 days after fertilization)
28
bradytocia
abnormally slow process of childbirth
29
bulbourethral
glands found next to the urethra in the male; also called Cowper's gland; produce Cowper's fluid ("pre-cum")
30
cardiotocograph
instrument for recording the child's heartbeat during childbirth
31
cephalopelvic
pertaining to the head of the baby in relationship to the pelvis of the mother
32
cervicectomy
surgical removal of the cervix
33
cervicitis
inflammation of the cervix
34
cervicocolpitis
inflammation of the cervix and vagina
35
cervicodynia
pain in the cervix
36
cervicography
procedure for photographing the cervix after application of acetic acid (vinegar)
37
cervicovaginitis
inflammation of the cervix and vagina
38
cervix
the opening of the uterus into the vagina
39
cesarean section
childbirth performed with surgical methods
40
chancre
ulcer on the genitalia caused by syphilis
41
Chlamydia
bacterial genus causing a sexually transmitted disease or the disease caused by this organism
42
chorioamnionitis
inflammation of the fetal chorion and amniotic sac
43
chorioangioma
tumor of the blood vessels supplying the chorion
44
choriocarcinoma
cancerous tumor of the chorion
45
chorion
outermost membrane surrounding the embryo; contributes to the formation of the placenta
46
chorionitis
inflammation of the fetal chorion
47
circumcision
removal of the foreskin
48
clitoris
erectile, sexually responsive tissue in the female
49
coitus
the process of sexual intercourse
50
colpitis
inflammation of the vagina
51
colpocystitis
inflammation of the vagina and bladder
52
colpopexy
surgical fixation of the vagina
53
colpoplasty
surgical revision of the vagina
54
colpoptosis
drooping (displacement) of the vagina
55
colposcope
instrument for looking inside the vulva at the vagina and cervix
56
colposcopy
process of looking inside vulva at the vagina and cervix
57
colpostenosis
narrowing of the vagina
58
conception
the process of fertilization; when sperm meets egg
59
condom
device for preventing the emission of sperm by covering the penis
60
congenital
occurring or apparent at birth
61
contraception
a drug or device that reduces the rate of conception
62
contraction
shortening of a muscle (in this context, especially uterine smooth muscle)
63
corpora cavernosum
erectile tissue in the male penis forming the bulk of the penis
64
corpora albicans
remnant of a shed egg seen on the surface of the ovary
65
corpus hemorrhagicum
remnant of a shed egg seen on the surface of the ovary with evident blood
66
corpus luteum
remnant of a shed egg seen on the surface of the ovary which secretes hormones for about two weeks after the egg is shed
67
corpus spongiosum
erectile tissue in the male penis surrounding the urethra
68
cremaster
muscle that covers the testes and spermatic cord in males
69
cryptorchidism
condition of hidden testis (i.e. undescended testis)
70
cytomegalovirus
virus related to herpes that can cause birth defects
71
dartos
muscle that underlies the scrotum or labia majora
72
decidua
inner lining of uterus that is shed during childbirth
73
dermoid cyst
common congenital cyst
74
dizygotic
type of twin that results from two zygotes; fraternal twins
75
dysmenorrhea
abnormally painful menstrual flow
76
dyspareunia
pain during sexual intercourse
77
dysplasia
malformation of a structure
78
dystocia
difficulty during the process of childbirth
79
eclampsia
seizures resulting from high blood pressure with pregnancy
80
ectoderm
one of the layers of the developing embryo which forms epidermis and nervous tissue
81
ectopic
development of an embryo anywhere except the uterine lining
82
ejaculation
emission of semen as the result of sexual stimulation
83
embryonic
pertaining to the first 10 weeks after conception
84
endocervicitis
inflammation of the lining of the cervical canal
85
endoderm
one of the layers of the developing embryo which forms the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and urinary system
86
endometriosis
displacement of the inner lining of the uterus to places where it does not belong
87
endometritis
inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus
88
endometrium
the inner lining of the uterus
89
epididymectomy
surgical removal of the epididymis
90
epididymis
the "waiting room" where sperm go to mature between being made in the testes and ejaculated
91
epididymitis
inflammation of the epididymis
92
epididymo-orchitis
inflammation of the epididymis and testes
93
epididymotomy
cutting into the epididymis
94
episiorrhaphy
suturing the opening of the vulva near the perineum, especially to repair episiotomy
95
episiostenosis
narrowing of the opening of the vulva
96
episiotomy
cutting into the opening of the vulva near the perineum (to decrease the chance that these structures will tear)
97
erectile
tissues that fill with blood during sexual arousal
98
eutocia
perfect process of childbirth
99
extraembryonic
membranes outside the embryo
100
fecund
fertile or productive
101
fecundability
ability to bear children
102
fertilization
the union of a spermatozoon with a female egg, producing a zygote
103
fertilized
an egg which has united with a spermatozoon
104
fetometry
process of measuring a fetus
105
fimbria
finger-like extensions of the uterine (Fallopian) tubes; help move the egg shed from the ovary into the tube
106
fraternal
type of twin that results from two zygotes; share the same amount of DNA as any two non-twin siblings
107
gastrulation
the process of infolding in the human embryo that forms three layers; occurs at about day 16 after fertilization or day 30 after the last menstrual period
108
gestation
the process of carrying a fetus
109
glans
the pigmented, enlarged end of the male penis or female clitoris
110
gonad
an organ of sexual reproduction
111
gonadarche
the beginning of gonadal development
112
gonadotropin
a hormone which acts on the gonads
113
gonorrhea
a sexually transmitted disease characterized by abnormal flow from the gonads
114
granulosa
description of small, scattered cells in a tissue
115
gravida
number of pregnancies
116
gravidarum
associated with pregnancy or pregnant persons
117
gravidity
number of pregnancies (compare to parity)
118
gynecologist
medical specialist who studies the female reproductive system
119
gynecology
medical specialty of female reproduction
120
gynecomastia
enlarged breasts in the male
121
hematosalpinx
blood in the uterine (Fallopian) tubes
122
hemorrhagicum
pertaining to blood
123
hermaphrodite
a person who has congenital external characteristics that lie between male and female; intersex
124
herpes
virus that infects the nervous system, often lying dormant for years
125
hydrocele
a fluid-filled sac inside the scrotum
126
hydrocelectomy
surgical removal of a hydrocele
127
hydrosalpinx
a fluid-filled sac in the wall of the uterine (Fallopian) tube
128
hymen
thin membrane covering the female vulva at birth
129
hyperadrogenism
condition of high male hormone levels
130
hypermastia
condition of excessively large breasts
131
hypomastia
condition of excessively small breasts
132
hysteralgia
pain in the uterus
133
hysterectomy
surgical removal of the uterus
134
hysterocele
herniation of the uterus
135
hysterodynia
pain in the uterus
136
hysterography
procedure for imaging the uterus, especially as part of a fertility test
137
hysteropexy
surgical fixation of the uterus
138
hysteroptosis
drooping (displacement) of the uterus
139
hysterorrhexis
rupture of the uterus
140
hysterosalpingectomy
surgical removal of the uterus and uterine (Fallopian) tubes
141
hysterosalpingogram
x-ray image of the uterus and uterine (Fallopian) tubes
142
hysteroscope
instrument for looking inside the uterus
143
hysteroscopy
process of looking inside the uterus
144
hysterotomy
cutting into the uterus
145
implantation
the process of an embryo burrowing into the uterine wall; occurs at about 6 days after fertilization or about 20 days after last period
146
in vitro
occurring in a laboratory
147
infertile
unable to bear children
148
infertility
inability to conceive offspring
149
inhibin
hormone that acts to reduce gonadotropin secretion
150
intersex
an individual who does not perfectly fit the anatomical definition of "male" or "female" which predominates in their society
151
intraepithelial
cells on the surface of the cervix; used to describe the location of abnormal cervical cells in a Pap smear
152
intrapartum
time period during birth
153
intrauterine
type of insemination that involves direct insertion of semen into the uterus
154
labia majora
external genitalia of the female
155
labia minora
external genitalia of the female
156
labioscrotal
pertaining to the tissues which develop into the labia in females and the scrotum in males
157
lactation
the process of producing breast milk
158
lactogenic
substance which promotes the formation of breast milk
159
lactorrhea
abnormal flow of breast milk
160
leiomyoma
tumor of the smooth muscle layer of the uterus
161
leukorrhea
abnormal flow of whitish fluid from the vagina
162
ligation
tying together with a suture, such as a sterilization procedure in females (tubal ligation)
163
macromastia
enlarged breasts
164
macrosomia
abnormally large body size in a fetus
165
mammogram
image of breast tissue
166
mammoplasty
surgical revision of the breast
167
mastalgia
pain in the breast
168
mastectomy
surgical removal of the breast
169
mastitis
inflammation of the breast
170
mastopexy
surgical fixation of the breast
171
mastoptosis
drooping (displacement) of the breast
172
menarche
the beginning of menstrual cycles in a female
173
menopause
the end of menstrual cycles in a female
174
menorrhagia
menstrual flow lasting longer than 7 days
175
menorrhalgia
(abnormally intense) pain with menstruation
176
menorrhea
flow of menstrual blood
177
menstruation
the process of shedding blood and tissue from the uterine lining on a monthly cycle
178
mesoderm
one of the layers of the developing embryo which forms muscle, connective tissue, and kidneys
179
mesonephric duct
an embryonic structure which forms the epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles
180
metrocolpocele
herniation of the uterus and vagina
181
metromenorrhagia
excessive uterine bleeding
182
metrophlebitis
inflammation of the uterine veins
183
metrorrhagia
abnormal uterine bleeding
184
microcephalus
condition of a fetus with a smaller than normal head
185
micromastia
condition of small breasts
186
monozygotic
twins resulting from the splitting of a fertilized egg early in embryonic development; identical twins
187
myoepithelial
cells of the breast which share muscle and epithelial tissue characteristics
188
myometritis
inflammation of the muscular layer of the uterus
189
myometrium
smooth muscle layer of the uterus
190
neonatal
pertaining to the time immediately after childbirth
191
neonatologist
medical specialist who studies newborn infants
192
neonatology
medical specialty of newborn infants
193
neoplasia
process of cancer formation
194
nulliparous
has not ever given birth before
195
obstetric
pertaining to childbirth
196
obstetrician
medical specialist who studies childbirth
197
oligohydramnios
condition of an unusually sparse amount of amniotic fluid
198
oligomenorrhea
condition of unusually sparse flow of menstrual fluid
199
oligospermia
condition of unusually low number of sperm
200
oocyte
female gamete; egg cell
201
oogonia
stage in development of the oocyte
202
oophorectomy
surgical removal of the ovary
203
oophoritis
inflammation of the ovary
204
oophorocystectomy
surgical removal of an ovarian cyst
205
oophorocystosis
condition of ovarian cysts
206
oophoroma
tumor of the ovary
207
oophorosalpingectomy
surgical removal of the uterine (Fallopian) tube and ovary
208
oophorotomy
cutting into the ovary
209
orchidalgia
pain in the testis
210
orchidectomy
surgical removal of the testis
211
orchiditis
inflammation of the testis
212
orchidopexy
surgical fixation of the testis
213
orchidoptosis
drooping (displacement) of the testis
214
orchidotomy
cutting into the testis
215
orchiectomy
surgical removal of the testis
216
orchiepididymitis
inflammation of the testis and epididymis
217
orchiodynia
pain in the testis
218
orchiopathy
disease of the testis
219
orchiopexy
surgical fixation of the testis
220
orchioplasty
surgical revision of the testis
221
orchitis
inflammation of the testis
222
organogenesis
the formation of organs during embryonic development
223
orifice
opening
224
ovaralgia
pain in the ovary
225
ovarialgia
pain in the ovary
226
ovarian
pertaining to the ovary
227
ovariocentesis
surgical puncture of an ovary or ovarian cyst
228
ovariocyesis
ectopic pregnancy involving implantation of an embryo on the ovary
229
ovariorrhexis
rupture of an ovarian follicle or cyst
230
ovariostomy
creating an opening in an ovarian cyst
231
ovaritis
inflammation of the ovary
232
ovary
the gonads of the female; organ which creates, matures, and sheds female gametes (eggs) and secretes hormones
233
ovulation
process of developing and shedding mature oocytes (ova)
234
ovum
mature ooctye
235
oxytocin
polypeptide hormone that increases uterine contractions during childbirth; mediates milk let-down during suckling; promotes pair bonding between mates
236
Pap smear
clinical test for obtaining a biopsy of cervical tissue for microscopic examination; used to detect precancerous and cancerous conditions
237
papilloma
wart, especially one caused by human papilloma virus (HPV)
238
para
bearing a child; pregnancy that becomes obvious (cf. parity)
239
paramesonephric ducts
Müllerian ducts; embryonic structures that develop into the uterine (Fallopian) tubes, uterus, cervix, and part of the vagina
240
paraurethral glands
Skene's glands; become engorged with blood and secrete fluid during female sexual arousal
241
parity
the number of live births (compare to gravidity)
242
pelvic
pertaining to the bones and organs near the hips
243
pelvicephalometry
measurement of the mother's pelvis in relationship to the baby's head
244
pelvimetry
measurement of the pelvis
245
penis
male organ used for sexual intercourse
246
perimetritis
inflammation of the membranes surrounding the uterus
247
perimetrium
membrane surrounding the uterus (i.e. visceral peritoneum of the uterus)
248
perinatal
pertaining to the time period immediately before and after birth
249
perinatologist
medical specialist who studies the period immediately before and after birth
250
perinatology
medical specialty of the period immediately before and after birth
251
perineocele
herniation of the perineum
252
perineoplasty
surgical revision of the perineum
253
perineorrhaphy
suturing of the perineum, especially to repair an episiotomy
254
perineotomy
cutting into the perineum (to decrease the chance that these structures will tear)
255
perineum
the tissue between the genitals and anus
256
placenta previa
condition where the baby's exit is blocked by the placenta
257
placental abruption
condition in which the placenta tears free of the uterine lining before labor and delivery
258
polyhydramnios
abnormally large amount of amniotic fluid
259
polymenorrhea
abnormally large flow of menstrual fluid
260
polyspermy
abnormal condition where multiple sperm penetrate a single egg (usually incompatible with fertilization)
261
postnatal
time period after birth (from the baby's perspective)
262
postpartum
time period after labor and delivery (from the mother's perspective)
263
preeclampsia
high blood pressure which has not yet, but may lead to, the complications of eclampsia
264
prenatal
time period before birth
265
prepuce
foreskin of the penis
266
priapism
condition of permanent erection
267
prolapse
condition where nearby organs (uterus, bowel, bladder, or upper vagina) bulge into the vagina
268
pronucleus
transient structure derived from the egg or sperm nucleus during fertilization
269
prostate
gland surrounding the male urethra near its exit from the bladder
270
prostatectomy
surgical removal of the prostate gland
271
prostatitis
inflammation of the prostate gland
272
prostatocystitis
inflammation of the prostate gland and bladder
273
prostatolith
stone in the prostate gland
274
prostatolithotomy
surgical removal of a stone in the prostate
275
prostatomegaly
enlargement of the prostate gland
276
prostatorrhea
abnormal flow from the prostate
277
prostatovesiculectomy
surgical removal of the prostate and seminal vesicle
278
prostatovesiculitis
inflammation of the prostate gland and seminal vesicle
279
pseudocyesis
false pregnancy
280
pseudohermaphrodite
inconsistency between the apparent sex of an individual and their genetic makeup
281
pubarche
the beginning of the development of hte pubic region
282
pubic
pertaining to the anterior wall of the pelvis
283
pubis
the anterior wall of the pelvis
284
pubocervical ligament
ligament attaching the cervix to the pubic symphysis (in the midline, where the pelvic bones join)
285
pyosalpinx
pus in the uterine (Fallopian) tubes
286
rectocele
herniation of the rectum
287
relaxin
hormone that aids childbirth by relaxing the mother's muscles
288
rete testis
network of tubes between the testicle and epididymis
289
salpingectomy
surgical removal of the uterine (Fallopian) tube
290
salpingitis
inflammation of the uterine (Fallopian) tube
291
salpingocele
herniation of the uterine (Fallopian) tube
292
salpingocyesis
ectopic pregnancy involving implantation of an embryo in the uterine (Fallopian) tubes
293
salpingo-oophorectomy
surgical removal of the uterine (Fallopian) tube and ovary
294
salpingo-oophoritis
inflammation of the uterine (Fallopian) tube and ovary
295
salpingopexy
surgical fixation of the uterine (Fallopian) tube
296
salpingoscope
instrument for looking inside the uterine (Fallopian) tubes
297
semen
mixture of sperm and secretions of the seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands
298
seminal vesicles
glands which provide about 2/3 of the semen by volume
299
seminiferous tubules
network of tubes in the testicle that collect sperm cells
300
seminoma
tumor of the seminal vesicles
301
somatomammotropin
hormone released from the placenta that acts on the mother's metabolism, protecting the fetus from malnutrition
302
sonohysterography
procedure for visualizing the uterus using ultrasound, especially as part of a fertility test
303
speculum
medical instrument used to enlarge the vagina for easier inspection by a clinician
304
spermatid
stage in the development of a spermatozoon
305
spermatocele
fluid-filled sac near the top of the testis; spermatic cyst
306
spermatocyte
stage in the development of a spermatozoon
307
spermatogenesis
the process of creating spermatozoa
308
spermatogenic cells
cells in the testis that are responsible for sperm production
309
spermatogonia
stage in the development of a spermatozoon
310
spermatolysis
breakdown of spermatozoa
311
spermatozoa
mature sperm cells (plural)
312
spermatozoon
a mature sperm cell (singular)
313
spermicide
substance that kills or incapacitates sperm
314
spermolytic
substance that breaks down sperm
315
stroma
fibrous connective tissue
316
suckling
the process used by an infant to draw milk from a mother's breast
317
sustentacular cells
Sertoli cells; cells that support spermatogenesis and respond to follicle-stimulating hormone
318
syphilis
sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum
319
teratogen
substance that causes birth defects
320
teratogenic
pertaining to birth defects
321
teratology
medical specialty of the causes of birth defects
322
teratoma
striking abnormality in the development of a fetus
323
testes
the gonads of the male; organ which creates, matures, and sheds male gametes (sperm) and secretes hormones
324
testicle
testis
325
testicular
pertaining to the testicles
326
testis
singular of testes; testicle
327
testitis
inflammation of the testis
328
testotoxicosis
condition of excessive testosterone production in an child leading to early puberty
329
tocodynagraph
instrument for recording the force of uterine contractions
330
tocograph
instrument for recording the force of uterine contractions
331
tocography
procedure for recording the force of uterine contractions
332
tocolytic
substance that slows or stops the process of childbirth
333
torsion
twisting something in a spiral fashion
334
toxoplasmosis
disease caused by the single-celled parasite Toxoplasma gondii, commonly found in cat feces; can cause birth defects
335
transvaginal
procedure that operates through the vaginal wall (e.g. ultrasound or surgery)
336
trichomoniasis
sexually transmitted disease caused by the single-celled parasite Trichomonas vaginalis; as the name implies, it's usually asymptomatic in males
337
trophoectoderm
cells surrounding the blastocyst that contact the uterine lining at implantation (about days 5-6)
338
tunica albuginea
connective tissue layer around the corpus cavernosum of the penis; also the connective tissue layer around the scrotum or ovaries
339
urethra
tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside world
340
urethrocele
herniation of the urethra (urethral prolapse)
341
uterine
pertaining to the uterus
342
uterus
female organ that houses the embryo during gestation; womb
343
vagina
female organ used for sexual intercourse and as a passage during childbirth
344
vaginitis
inflammation of the vagina
345
vaginodynia
pain in the vagina
346
vaginomycosis
fungal infection of the vagina
347
vaginoperineoplasty
surgical revision of the vagina and perineum
348
vaginoperineorrhaphy
suturing the vagina and perineum
349
vaginoperineotomy
cutting into the vagina and perineum
350
vaginoplasty
surgical revision of the vagina
351
vaginoscope
instrument for looking inside the vagina
352
vaginosis
abnormal flora (bacteria) in the vagina
353
varicocele
enlargement of the veins draining the testis
354
vas deferens
tube which carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra
355
vasectomy
surgical removal or ligation of the vas deferens
356
vasovasostomy
creating an opening between two cut ends of the vas deferens; reversing a vasectomy
357
vesicovaginal
pertaining to the bladder and vagina
358
vesiculectomy
surgical removal of the seminal vesicle
359
vesiculitis
inflammation of the seminal vesicle
360
vesiculotomy
cutting into the seminal vesicle
361
vulva
outer opening of the vagina
362
vulvitis
inflammation of the vulva
363
vulvodynia
pain in the vulva
364
vulvovaginitis
inflammation of the vulva and vagina
365
zygote
fertilized but not yet implanted embryo
