Med Term Unit 5 Full Word List 2024 Flashcards
(241 cards)
1
Q
abduction
A
moving a limb or body part away from the midline
2
Q
achondroplasia
A
failure in the development of cartilage (a type of dwarfism)
3
Q
adactyly
A
absence of the fingers
4
Q
adduction
A
moving a limb or body part toward the midline
5
Q
agonist
A
the “prime mover”: the muscle primarily responsible for the movement being studied
6
Q
amphiarthrotic
A
slightly moveable joint
7
Q
analgesic
A
drug that reduces pain
8
Q
ankylosing
A
causing to be stiff
9
Q
ankylosis
A
a disease that makes bones or joints stiff
10
Q
antagonist
A
a muscle that opposes the action of the agonist
11
Q
antiarthritic
A
drug that reduces the symptoms of arthritis
12
Q
anti-inflammatory
A
drug that reduces inflammation
13
Q
antipyretic
A
drug that reduces fever
14
Q
apophysis
A
outgrowth or protuberance on a bone
15
Q
appendicular
A
part of the skeleton that is attached to the axial skeleton (i.e. the upper and lower extremities)
16
Q
arthralgia
A
pain in the joints
17
Q
arthrectomy
A
surgical removal of a joint
18
Q
arthrocentesis
A
puncture of a joint to remove fluid
19
Q
arthroscope
A
device for examining the inside of a joint
20
Q
arthrodesis
A
disease process binding a joint together
21
Q
arthrodynia
A
pain in the joints
22
Q
arthrodysplasia
A
bad formation of a joint
23
Q
arthrogram
A
picture of a joint
24
Q
arthrography
A
process for visualizing a joint
25
arthropathy
disease in a joint
26
arthroplasty
surgical modification of a joint
27
arthroscopic
pertaining to examination of a joint using an arthroscope
28
arthrotomy
cutting into a joint
29
articular
having to do with joints
30
ataxia
inability to walk
31
atrophy
failure to develop, or loss of a structure, due to lack of nourishment
32
axial
pertaining to the center of the body (cf. appendicular)
33
bradykinesia
slow movement
34
bursa
"purse"; a bag of synovial fluid that cushions a ligament or tendon that would otherwise rub against a bone
35
bursectomy
surgical removal of a bursa
36
bursitis
inflammation of a bursa
37
bursotomy
cutting into a bursa
38
carpal
pertaining to the wrist bones
39
carpectomy
surgical removal of a wrist bone
40
carpitis
inflammation of a wrist bone
41
cervical
pertaining to the neck
42
cervicitis
inflammation of the neck
43
cervicodynia
pain in the neck
44
chondritis
inflammation of the cartilage
45
chondrodynia
pain in the cartilage
46
chondroma
tumor in the cartilage
47
chondromalacia
softening of the cartilage
48
chondroplasty
surgical modification of cartilage
49
circumduction
movement in a circle around a joint
50
condyle
knob on a bone
51
costal
pertaining to a rib
52
costalgia
pain in a rib
53
costectomy
surgical removal of a rib
54
costochondritis
inflammation of the rib and associated cartilage
55
craniectomy
surgical removal of a piece of the skull
56
craniomalacia
softening of the skull
57
craniometer
device for measuring the skull
58
craniosynostosis
disease where the skull bones of a child fuse too soon after birth
59
craniotomy
cutting into the skull
60
crepitation
crackling noise in the joints
61
dactylalgia
pain in the fingers
62
dactylitis
inflammation of the fingers
63
diaphysis
the shaft of a long bone
64
diarthrotic
freely moveable joint
65
dyskinesia
trouble with movement
66
dystaxia
trouble with walking
67
dystonia
trouble with muscle tone (strength)
68
eccentric
force applied to a muscle as it is getting longer
69
effusion
the process of fluid leaking out of a structure
70
electromyogram
record of the electrical activity of a muscle
71
electromyography
obtaining a record of the electrical activity of a muscle
72
endochondral
occurring inside of cartilage (refers to a type of bone development)
73
endomysium
the innermost connective tissue sheath of a muscle
74
epimysium
the outermost connective tissue sheath of a muscle
75
epiphysis
the ends of a long bone (distal epiphysis or proximal epiphysis)
76
epicondyle
a bump next to a knob on a bone
77
exostosis
abnormal bone growth in the small ear bones (ossicles)
78
extension
increasing the angle of a joint
79
facet
a flattish surface on a bone where a joint articulates (it is supposedly similar to the flat surface of a cut jewel)
80
fascia
band of connective tissue
81
fasciectomy
removal of a fascia
82
fasciitis
inflammation of a fascia
83
fascioplasty
surgical modification of fascia
84
fasciorrhaphy
surgical repair of a fascia
85
fasciotomy
cutting into a fascia
86
femoral
pertaining to the thigh
87
fissure
a deep crack
88
fixation
locking into place
89
flexion
reducing the angle of a joint
90
foramen
hole in a bone
91
fossa
shallow groove in a bone
92
fracture
breaking a bone
93
genu
knee
94
glenoid
the socket of the shoulder joint
95
gomphosis
the joint between a tooth and the jaw
96
graphospasm
writer's cramp
97
hallux
the big toe
98
hemarthrosis
blood in a joint
99
hematopoiesis
the process of blood cell formation in the bone marrow
100
hydrarthrosis
water (excess fluid) in a joint
101
hypercalcemia
abnormally high calcium in the blood
102
hyperextension
abnormal or excessive increase in the angle of a joint
103
hyperkinesia
abnormally high movement
104
hypertonia
abnormally high muscle tone (strength)
105
hypertrophy
abnormal growth of tissue
106
hypocalcemia
abnormally low calcium in the blood
107
hypokinesia
abnormally low movement
108
hypophyseal
pertaining to the tissue underneath the brain (i.e. the pituitary gland)
109
hypophysis
the pituitary gland
110
hypotonia
abnormally low muscle tone (strength)
111
infraspinatus
a muscle or space below the spine of the scapula
112
intercostal
between the ribs
113
interosseous
band of connective tissue between the radius and ulna or between the tibia and fibula
114
intramembranous
occurring within a membrane (refers to a type of bone development)
115
isometric
force applied to a muscle without a change in muscle length
116
kinesiology
the study of movement
117
kinetic
pertaining to motion
118
kyphosis
"hunchback": a bend in the spine that results in a visible bump in the upper back
119
lacrimal
pertaining to crying or tears
120
lamella
thin plate
121
lordosis
"swayback": a bend in the spine that results in a pronounced hollow space above the buttocks
122
lumbar
lower back
123
lumbodynia
pain in the lower back
124
meatus
tube or passage
125
medullary
pertaining to the center of a multilayered organ (in this case, the bone marrow)
126
metacarpal
the bones between the wrist and fingers
127
metacarpectomy
surgical removal of a metacarpal
128
metaphysis
transition between the end and the shaft of a long bone
129
metatarsalgia
pain in the bones between the ankle and toes
130
metatarsals
the bones between the ankle and toes
131
musculoskeletal
pertaining to the muscles and bones
132
myalgia
pain in the muscles
133
myasthenia
disease of muscle weakness
134
myectomy
surgical removal of a muscle
135
myoclonus
involuntary muscle twitch
136
myodynia
pain in a muscle
137
myofasciitis
inflammation of a muscle and its associated connective tissue
138
myography
obtaining a record of the contraction of a muscle
139
myolysis
breakdown of muscle
140
myoma
tumor derived from muscle
141
myomalacia
softening of muscle
142
myomectomy
removal of a tumor derived from muscle (in the uterine wall)
143
myoplasty
surgical modification of a muscle
144
myorrhaphy
surgical repair of a muscle
145
myosarcoma
cancer derived from muscle tissue
146
myosclerosis
hardening of muscle
147
myositis
inflammation of muscle
148
myospasm
involuntary contraction of muscle
149
myotomy
cutting into a muscle
150
neuromuscular
pertaining to the nervous system and muscles
151
occipital
skull bone at the back of the head, next to (and attaches to) the cervical spine
152
orthotic
device to straighten the foot or leg
153
ossification
the process of making bone
154
ostalgia
pain in the bones
155
ostectomy
surgical removal of a bone
156
osteitis
inflammation of a bone
157
osteoarthritis
inflammation of bones and the joint formed by those bones
158
osteoblast
rapidly dividing cell of bone (responsible for bone formation)
159
osteocarcinoma
cancer derived from bone tissue
160
osteochondritis
inflammation of bone and its associated cartilage
161
osteochondroma
a tumor derived from bone and cartilage
162
osteoclasia
abnormal breakdown of bone
163
osteoclast
cell which breaks down bone
164
osteodynia
pain in a bone
165
osteogenesis
the process of forming bone
166
osteolysis
the process of breaking down bone
167
osteomalacia
abnormal softening of bone
168
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone marrow
169
osteon
microscopic anatomical unit of bone
170
osteopathy
disease of the bone
171
osteopenia
abnormal reduction in bone tissue (sign of osteoporosis)
172
osteoplasty
surgical modfication of a bone
173
osteoporosis
disease resulting in an abnormal number of holes in bone
174
osteonecrosis
death of bone tissue
175
osteosarcoma
cancerous tumor derived from bone tissue
176
osteosclerosis
hardening of bone
177
pectoral
pertaining to the chest
178
pelvis
bone of the lower abdomen (hip bone) which results from the fusion of six bones (three on each side)
179
perimysium
a connective tissue sheath of muscle that surrounds a bundle of muscle fibers (fascia)
180
periosteum
membrane surrounding the bone
181
phalanges
fingers and toes
182
pollux
the thumb
183
polydactyly
too many fingers (i.e. more than five on a hand)
184
polymyositis
inflammation of many muscles
185
pronation
turning the back of the hand facing forward; lying face down
186
sarcolemma
the cell membrane surrounding a muscle cell
187
sarcomere
repeating microscopic anatomical unit of striated muscle
188
sarcoplasm
cytoplasm of a muscle cell
189
scoliosis
abnormal curvature of the vertebrae (side-to-side curvature)
190
sphincter
band of muscle surrounding an opening
191
spine
bones of the back; vertebrae
192
spondylitis
inflammation of the vertebrae
193
spondyloarthropathy
disease of the joints between vertebrae
194
spondylodynia
pain in the vertebrae
195
spondylolisthesis
abnormal slippage of the vertebrae past one another
196
spondylolysis
abnormal breakdown of the vertebrae
197
spondylomalacia
abnormal softening of the vertebrae
198
spondylosis
disease of the vertebrae
199
sprain
injury to ligaments
200
stenosis
abnormal narrowing of an opening
201
sternotomy
cutting into the sternum (breastbone)
202
sternum
breastbone; bone that ribs attach to
203
strain
injury to a muscle or its tendon
204
subluxation
dislocation of a joint
205
sulcus
groove in a muscle
206
supination
turning the palm of the hand facing forward; lying face up
207
synarthrotic
immovable joint
208
syncytium
cells which join together to make a large, multinucleated cell (as in skeletal muscle)
209
syndactyly
abnormal joining of fingers
210
synergist
muscle which aids an agonist muscle in its normal function
211
tarsal
pertaining to the ankle
212
tarsalgia
pain in the ankle
213
tarsectomy
surgical removal of a tarsal bone
214
tarsitis
inflammation of the ankle
215
tarsoclasia
breakdown of an ankle bone
216
tarsoptosis
condition of tarsal bones sagging; "flat feet" or "fallen arches"
217
tenalgia
pain in a tendon
218
tendectomy
surgical removal of a tendon
219
tendinitis
inflammation of a tendon
220
tendodesis
tendons bound together by a disease process
221
tendolysis
breakdown of a tendon
222
tendonitis
inflammation of a tendon
223
tendoplasty
surgical modification of a tendon
224
tenodynia
pain in a tendon
225
tenolysis
breakdown of a tendon
226
tenoplasty
surgical modification of a tendon
227
tenorrhaphy
surgical repair of a tendon
228
tenotomy
cutting into a tendon
229
thoracic
pertaining to the chest
230
tibia
bone of the lower extremity; larger of the two leg bones
231
tibialgia
pain in the tibia
232
tomography
technique using low-dose X-rays from many angles to visualize a body part
233
tonograph
record of muscle contraction
234
trochanter
prominent knob on the femur (bone of the thigh) which forms from the attachment of muscles
235
trochlea
"pulley": bony structure which acts or looks like a pulley
236
tubercle
small bump on bone ("little potato")
237
tuberosity
bump on bone
238
valgum
abnormally close knees (genu valgum = "knock-knees")
239
varum
abnormally distant knees (genu varum = "bow-legged")
240
vertebra
bone of the spinal column
241
zygomatic
bone of the face
