Unit 10 for Brainscape - Unit 10 Full Word List 2024 Flashcards
1
Q
abdominocentesis
A
puncture of the abdominal wall
2
Q
abdominoplasty
A
surgical revision of the abdomen
3
Q
adenocarcinoma
A
glandular cancer
4
Q
aerodontalgia
A
pain in the teeth when air is blasted at them
5
Q
alimentary
A
pertaining to the process of nourishment
6
Q
amylase
A
enzyme which breaks down starch
7
Q
anal
A
pertaining to the anus
8
Q
anhydrase
A
enzyme which helps form stomach acid
9
Q
anophony
A
the sound made by the expulsion of flatus (i.e. a fart)
10
Q
anoplasty
A
surgical revision of the anus
11
Q
anosigmoidoscopy
A
the process of looking into the anus and sigmoid colon
12
Q
antacid
A
drug that reduces the acidity of the stomach
13
Q
antiemetic
A
drug that reduces vomiting
14
Q
anus
A
the posterior end of the digestive tract
15
Q
aphagia
A
not eating
16
Q
ascending
A
the segment of the large intestine on the right side between the appendix and the transverse colon
17
Q
ascites
A
swelling of the abdomen, usually because of an underlying disease
18
Q
bariatrics
A
medical specialty that focuses on weight control
19
Q
bile
A
fluid made by the cells of the liver and stored in the gall bladder; when released into the duodenum, it helps digest fats
20
Q
biligenesis
A
the process of creating bile
21
Q
bilirubin
A
breakdown product of red blood cells; named for its reddish color
22
Q
biliverdin
A
breakdown product of red blood cells; named for its greenish color
23
Q
buccal
A
pertaining to the cheek
24
Q
canaliculus
A
small canals between liver cells where bile is excreted
25
carboxypeptidase
enzyme which breaks down proteins
26
cardia
the portion of the stomach where the esophagus enters
27
cathartic
drug used to purge the gastrointestinal tract; laxative
28
caudate
liver lobule shaped like a tail
29
celiac
pertaining to the abdomen
30
celiomyositis
inflammation of the abdominal muscles
31
celiopathy
abdominal disease
32
celiotomy
cutting into the abdomen
33
cementum
mineralized tissue layer covering the root of a tooth
34
cholangiogastrostomy
surgical creation of a communication between the bile duct and the stomach
35
cholangiogram
x-ray image of the bile ducts after ingestion of a x-ray dense dye
36
cholangiography
process of obtaining a cholangiogram
37
cholangioma
tumor of the bile ducts
38
cholangiopancreatography
process of obtaining an image of the bile ducts and pancreas
39
cholangitis
inflammation of the bile duct
40
cholecystalgia
pain in the gallbladder
41
cholecystectomy
surgical removal of the gallbladder
42
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
43
cholecystogram
x-ray image of the gallbladder after ingestion of a x-ray dense dye
44
cholecystokinin
hormone that causes contraction of the gallbladder; also used as a neurotransmitter in the brain
45
choledochocele
herniation of the common bile duct
46
choledochoenterostomy
surgical creation of a communication between the common bile duct and the jejunum
47
choledocholithectomy
surgical removal of a stone in the common bile duct
48
choledocholithiasis
the presence of a stone in the common bile duct
49
choledochotomy
cutting into the common bile duct
50
cholelith
gallstone
51
cholelithiasis
the presence of a stone in the gall bladder
52
cholelithotomy
cutting into the gall bladder to remove a gallstone
53
cholelithotripsy
using sound waves to pound a gallstone into small fragments that can be passed normally
54
chyme
fluid found in the intestines that results from the partial digestion of food
55
chymotrypsin
enzyme that breaks down proteins
56
cirrhosis
inflammation of the connective tissue of the liver
57
colectomy
surgical removal of the colon
58
colitis
inflammation of the colon
59
colon
large intestine
60
colonectomy
surgical removal of the colon
61
colonoscopy
the process of looking into the colon
62
colorectal
pertaining to the colon and rectum
63
colostomy
surgical creation of a communication between the colon and the outside of the body
64
colovaginal
pertaining to the colon and vagina; these two organs share a common wall that can be breached, resulting in a colovaginal fistula
65
conjugated
bilirubin that is made water-soluble so it may be carried in the bloodstream
66
constipation
inability to defecate
67
cystic
a disease that causes cysts (e.g. cystic fibrosis, which affects both the lungs and digestive tract)
68
deciduous
teeth that are normally lost (i.e. "baby teeth")
69
defecation
the process of removing feces from the body
70
deglutition
swallowing
71
dentalgia
pain in the teeth
72
dentifrice
toothpaste
73
dentin
hard bony tissue beneath the enamel that forms the bulk of the tooth
74
dentist
person who treats diseases of the oral cavity
75
dentistry
practice of treating diseases of the oral cavity
76
descending
the segment of the large intestine on the left side between the transverse colon and the sigmoid colon
77
diarrhea
abnormal flow of feces
78
digestive
about the act of digestion
79
diverticulitis
outpocketing of the intestines, with inflammation
80
diverticulosis
outpocketing of the intestines, without inflammation
81
duodenectomy
surgical removal of the duodenum
82
duodenitis
inflammation of the duodenum
83
duodenum
initial segment of the small intestine, between the stomach and jejunum
84
dysentery
disease involving problems with the intestines
85
dyspepsia
disease involving problems with the stomach
86
elastase
enzyme that breaks down elastin, a protein in connective tissue
87
emesis
vomiting
88
enamel
outer coating of teeth
89
enterectomy
surgical removal of a segment of the intestines
90
enteric
pertaining to the intestines
91
enterocele
herniation of the intestines
92
enterocyte
intestinal cell
93
enterodynia
pain in the intestines
94
enteroendocrine
relating to the hormones which regulate digestion
95
enteropathy
disease of the intestines
96
enterorrhaphy
suturing the intestines
97
enterotomy
cutting into the intestines
98
epigastric
one of the nine abdominal regions, lying along the midline at the top of the abdomen
99
esophagalgia
pain in the esophagus
100
esophageal
pertaining to the esophagus
101
esophagectomy
surgical removal of a segment of the esophagus
102
esophagitis
inflammation of the esophagus
103
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
the process of looking into the esophagus, stomach, and initial segment of the intestines
104
esophagogastroplasty
surgical revision of the esophagus and stomach
105
esophagoscopy
the process of looking into the esophagus
106
euglycemia
condition of perfect blood sugar
107
eupepsia
condition of perfect digestion
108
falciform
liver ligament that is shaped like a sickle
109
fecal
pertaining to feces
110
feces
the waste expelled from the anus as the last step of digestion
111
filiform
the most common type of papillae on the tongue; shaped like hairs and do not contain taste buds
112
fistula
abnormal connection between two structures, such as the rectum and vagina
113
flatus
expulsion of intestinal gases from the anus
114
foliate
papillae on the tongue, with taste buds, that are leaf-shaped
115
fundus
the part of a bottle-shaped structure like the stomach that is opposite the opening
116
fungiform
papillae on the tongue, with taste buds, that are mushroom-shaped
117
gallbladder
the organ where bile made by the liver is stored, until it is released into the duodenum via the common bile duct
118
gastralgia
pain in the stomach
119
gastrectomy
surgical removal of all or part of the stomach
120
gastric
pertaining to the stomach
121
gastritis
inflammation of the stomach
122
gastroduodenoscope
instrument for looking inside the stomach and duodenum
123
gastroduodenostomy
surgical creation of a communication between the stomach and duodenum
124
gastrodynia
pain in the stomach
125
gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach and intestines
126
gastroenterocolitis
inflammation of the stomach, intestines, and colon
127
gastroenterologist
medical specialist who studies the stomach and intestines
128
gastroenterology
medical specialty that focuses on the stomach and intestines
129
gastroenterostomy
surgical creation of a communication between the stomach and intestines
130
gastroesophageal
pertaining to the stomach and esophagus
131
gastrointestinal
pertaining to the stomach and intestines
132
gastrojejunostomy
surgical creation of a communication between the stomach and jejunum
133
gastromalacia
abnormal softening of the stomach due to disease
134
gastroparesis
weakness in the muscular contractions of the stomach
135
gastropexy
surgical fixation of the stomach
136
gastroplasty
surgical revision of the stomach
137
gastroscope
instrument for looking inside the stomach
138
ghrelin
hormone that affects appetite
139
gingivalgia
pain in the gums
140
gingivectomy
surgical removal of part of the gums
141
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
142
gingivoglossitis
inflammation of the gums and tongue
143
gingivoplasty
surgical revision of the gums
144
gingivostomatitis
inflammation of the gums and mouth
145
glossopathy
disease of the tongue
146
glossoplasty
surgical revision of the tongue
147
glossoplegia
weakness of the tongue muscles
148
glossorrhaphy
suturing the tongue
149
glossotomy
cutting into the tongue
150
glossotrichia
disease characterized by hairy appearance of the tongue
151
glucagon
hormone involved in glucose metabolism; causes glycogen to be broken down and glucose to be made from other sources, raising blood sugar
152
glucuronic acid
chemical group used to modify water insoluble compounds so that they are now water soluble and may be passed in urine
153
haustrum
periodic outpocketings of the colon that give it a segmented appearance
154
hematemesis
vomiting blood
155
heme
oxygen-holding chemical group; there are four heme groups per hemoglobin molecule
156
hemicolectomy
surgical removal of a segment of the colon
157
hemorrhoid
painful varicose veins in the anus
158
hemorrhoidectomy
surgical removal of a hemorrhoid
159
hepatectomy
surgical removal of the liver
160
hepatic
pertaining to the liver
161
hepaticogastrostomy
surgical creation of a communication between the hepatic duct and the stomach
162
hepaticotomy
surgical incision of the hepatic duct
163
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
164
hepatocarcinoma
liver cancer
165
hepatocytes
cells of the liver
166
hepatoma
tumor of the liver
167
hepatomalacia
abnormal softening of the liver due to disease
168
hepatomegaly
abnormal enlargement of the liver
169
hepatopancreatic
pertaining to the liver and pancreas
170
hepatopexy
surgical fixation of the liver
171
hepatoptosis
displacement of the liver out of its normal position
172
hepatosclerosis
abnormal hardening of the liver due to disease
173
hepatosplenitis
inflammation of the liver and spleen
174
hepatosplenomegaly
abnormal enlargement of the liver and spleen
175
hernia
displacement of an organ from its normal position
176
herniorrhaphy
suturing the site of a herniation (e.g. in the abdominal wall) to keep it from recurring
177
hyperemesis
abnormally frequent vomiting
178
hypochondriac
one of the nine abdominal regions, lying laterally at the top of the abdomen
179
hypogastric
one of the nine abdominal regions, lying along the midline at the bottom of the abdomen
180
hypoglossal
underneath the tongue
181
icterus
yellow color of the skin and eyes due to liver malfunction
182
ileitis
inflammation of the ileum
183
ileocecal
junction of the ileum and the cecum of the large intestine
184
ileocolitis
inflammation of the ileum and colon
185
ileocolostomy
surgical creation of a communication between the ileum and the colon
186
ileorrhaphy
suturing the ileum
187
ileostomy
surgical creation of a communication between the ileum and the body surface
188
ileotomy
cutting into the ileum
189
ileum
final segment of the small intestine, between the jejunum and large intestine
190
ingestion
taking food into the body
191
inguinal
pertaining to the groin
192
insulin
hormone involved in glucose metabolism; causes glucose to be moved from bloodstream into cells, lowering blood sugar
193
insulinotropic
drug which affects insulin levels
194
intestinal
pertaining to the intestines
195
islet
small collections of endocrine cells in the pancreas that manufacture insulin, glucagon, and other hormones
196
jaundice
yellow color of the skin and eyes due to liver malfunction
197
jejunitis
inflammation of the jejunum
198
jejunoileitis
inflammation of the jejunum and ileum
199
jejunorrhaphy
suturing the jejunum
200
jejunostomy
surgical creation of a communication between the jejunum and the body surface
201
jejunotomy
cutting into the jejunum
202
jejunum
middle segment of the small intestine, between the duodenum and ileum
203
labial
pertaining to the lips
204
lacteal
lymph vessel which runs in the center of each intestinal villus and carries lipids into the bloodstream for processing by the liver and other organs
205
lamina propria
a layer specific to the digestive system; lies between the epithelium lining the intestinal lumen and the muscular layer underneath
206
laparocele
herniation of the abdominal wall
207
laparoenterostomy
surgical creation of a communication between the intestines and the body surface through the abdominal wall
208
laparoscope
instrument for looking inside the abdomen
209
laparoscopy
the process of looking into the abdomen through a small incision
210
laparotomy
cutting into the abdomen
211
lingual
pertaining to the tongue
212
lipase
enzyme which breaks down fats
213
liver
organ which has primary responsibility for making blood proteins; processing non-glucose sugars and toxins; managing lipids; converting blood breakdown products to bile
214
lobule
divisions of the liver or other organs with visible creases
215
lumbar
pertaining to the lower back
216
lumen
anatomical passageway; the open part of a tube-like organ
217
lysozyme
enzyme used within cells to break down toxins and other unwanted substances
218
macrocyte
abnormally enlarged red blood cell (see Unit 8); found in pernicious anemia
219
malabsorption
poor or altered absorption of nutrients, for example due to a genetic or metabolic condition
220
mesenteric
pertaining to the middle part of the intestines
221
mesial
used in place of medial to refer to teeth; towards the midline
222
mucosa
the epithelium, lamina propria, and muscular layer of the gut tube; collectively, the three mucus-secreting layers surrounding the lumen
223
muscularis
layer of the gut tube with prominent smooth muscle cells
224
myenteric
one of the plexi of the enteric nervous system
225
nasogastric
a tube introduced through the nose, pharynx, and esophagus to access the stomach
226
occlusal
tooth surface that contacts other teeth
227
odontalgia
pain in the teeth
228
odontectomy
surgical removal of a tooth
229
odontoclasis
breakdown of teeth
230
odontodynia
pain in the teeth
231
oral
pertaining to the mouth cavity
232
orthodontic
pertaining to the straightening and spacing of teeth
233
orthodontist
dentist who specializes in straightening and spacing teeth
234
oxygenase
enzyme that adds an oxygen to help in processing of heme
235
pancreatoduodenectomy
surgical removal of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum to treat pancreatic cancer
236
pancreatolith
a stone in the pancreas
237
pancreatolithectomy
surgical removal of a stone from the pancreas
238
pancreatolithiasis
the presence of a stone in the pancreas
239
parietal
the layer of membranes lining the abdominal organs that is closest to the body wall
240
parotid
the largest of the salivary glands
241
pancreatography
process of imaging the pancreas
242
pepsin
the first enzyme discovered; found in the stomach, where it breaks down proteins
243
pepsinogen
protein precursor to pepsin; when it reacts with stomach acid, pepsin is produced
244
periodontal
pertaining to the connective tissue holding the teeth in place
245
periodontitis
inflammation of the connective tissue holding the teeth in place
246
peristalsis
autonomic "milking" movements of the muscular layer of the gut tube resulting in movement of substances from mouth to anus
247
peritoneoscopy
laparoscopy
248
peritoneotomy
laparotomy
249
peritoneum
membrane lining the abdominal cavity
250
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
251
pernicious
slow but destructive process
252
plicae circulares
"circular pleats": folds in the intestines that help in the mixing of chyme with enzymes and microorganisms
253
proctitis
inflammation of the rectum
254
proctologist
medical specialist who studies the rectum
255
proctology
medical specialty of the rectum
256
proctopexy
surgical fixation of the rectum
257
proctoptosis
displacement of the rectum out of its normal position
258
proctoscope
instrument for looking inside the rectum
259
propria
"proper"; "one's own"; a layer unique to the gut tube, between the epithelium lining the lumen and the muscularis layer beneath
260
propulsion
movement of substances through the gut tube
261
purgative
drug used to purge the gastrointestinal tract; laxative
262
pyloric
pertaining to a region of the stomach near its exit to the duodenum (e.g. the pyloric valve which regulates passage of materials from stomach to duodenum)
263
pylorus
a region of the stomach near its exit to the duodenum
264
quadrate
liver lobule shaped like a square
265
rectalgia
pain in the a**
266
rectitis
inflammation of the rectum
267
rectopexy
surgical fixation of the rectum
268
rectoplasty
surgical revision of the rectum
269
rectum
the final segment of the colon; between the sigmoid colon and the anus
270
reflux
abnormal backward movement of material in the gut tube; usually refers to stomach acid in the esophagus
271
saliva
watery mixture produced by salivary glands that aids in digestion
272
sclerosing
causing the abnormal hardening
273
secretin
hormone released by the duodenum (to indicate increased acidity) and which acts on the liver and pancreas
274
segmentation
mixing or churning movement in the intestines
275
serosa
membrane lining the organs of the abdominal cavity
276
sialadenectomy
surgical removal of a salivary gland
277
sialadenitis
inflammation of a salivary gland
278
sialadenosis
swelling of a salivary gland not caused by inflammation or cancer
279
sialagogic
drug that causes increased production of saliva
280
sialoadenectomy
surgical removal of a salivary gland
281
sialoadenitis
inflammation of a salivary gland
282
sialoadenosis
swelling of a salivary gland not caused by inflammation or cancer
283
sialoangiectasis
dilation of the blood vessels of a salivary gland
284
sialolith
stone in a salivary gland
285
sialolithiasis
the presence of a stone in a salivary gland
286
sialolithotomy
cutting into a salivary gland to remove a stone
287
sialorrhea
abnormal flow from a salivary gland
288
sialostenosis
a narrowed or blocked duct in a salivary gland
289
sigmoid
shaped like the Greek letter sigma; S-shaped
290
sigmoidoscope
instrument for looking inside the sigmoid colon
291
sigmoidoscopy
the process of looking into the sigmoid colon
292
steatorrhea
fatty stools
293
stenosis
narrowing or blockage of a passage, such as the intestines
294
stercobilin
excreted blood breakdown products in the feces; gives the feces a brown color
295
stercobilinogen
chemical that gives rise to stercobilin
296
stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth
297
stomatodynia
pain in the mouth
298
stomatogastric
pertaining to the mouth and stomach
299
stomatomycosis
fungal infection of the mouth
300
stomatoplasty
surgical revision of the mouth
301
stomatosis
disease of the oral cavity
302
sublingual
underneath the tongue
303
submucosal
one of the plexi of the enteric nervous system
304
sucrase
enzyme which breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose
305
Taenia
genus name for tapeworms; Taenia saginata is the beef tapeworm while Taenia solium and Taenia asiatica are pork tapeworms found in undercooked meat
306
tenesmus
straining, as when a patient tries to empty an already empty bowel
307
trypsin
the second enzyme discovered; digestive enzyme that breaks down proteins
308
ulcerate
cause the formation of an open wound
309
ulcerative
causing the formation of an open wound
310
umbilical
one of the nine abdominal regions, lying in the center of the grid and centered on the umbilicus ("belly button")
311
unconjugated
bilirubin that is not water-soluble (its normal state)
312
vallate
papillae on the tongue, with taste buds, that are shaped like a castle and moat (valley)
313
vermiform
shaped like a worm
314
villus
tiny, threadlike projection of the intestinal wall which increases the surface area for absorption and digestion
315
vitamin
chemical needed to help in the body's biochemical reactions; generally aids enzymes to work more efficiently
316
voluntary
under a person's conscious control
